tosha(1)tosha(1)NAMEtosha - read CD digital audio and video data via SCSI
SYNOPSIStosha [ -i | -q | -v | -h | -V | -r ] [ -d dev ] [ -f fmt ] [ -t track‐
list ] [ -s sector ] [ -e sector ] [ -o outfile ] [ -k rate ] [ -b sec‐
tors ]
DESCRIPTIONtosha reads one or more CD-DA (digital audio) tracks or absolute sec‐
tors and writes them into a single or multiple files, or to the stan‐
dard output. VideoCD tracks (digital video) are supported, too. The
digital audio / video data is read through the SCSI bus; thus tosha
does not work with IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM drives nor with proprietary inter‐
faces.
OPTIONStosha options may be either the traditional POSIX one letter options,
or the GNU style long options. POSIX style options start with a single
``-'', while GNU long options start with ``--''.
-i, --index
Display the track index (table of contents) of the CD and exit.
No audio data is read. If you use -iq, the index is printed in
a more compact format which is suitable for parsing by shell
scripts etc. Note that the index is written to stderr.
-q, --quiet
Quiet operation, i.e. no informational output except for error
messages.
-v, --verbose
Verbose operation. Display additional information while reading
audio data (how many percent done, and how long the remaining
data will approximately take to read). Specify -vv to make it
even more verbose.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
-V, --version
Print version information and exit.
-r, --reset
Reset the CD-ROM drive (set default sector size and density) and
exit. This is sometimes useful if you interrupt tosha by press‐
ing Ctrl-C or by killing it, which might leave the CD-ROM drive
in a state of being unable to mount regular data CD-ROMs. In
such a case, just running ``tosha -r'' should help.
-d dev, --device dev
Specify the CD-ROM device to use. The default is /dev/cd0c. If
you have two drives and you want to read from the second one,
use /dev/cd1c. If you want to read from a CD writer, use
/dev/rworm0.ctl.
-f fmt, --format fmt
Specify the output audio format. The default is pcm. Currently
supported formats: ``pcm'' or ``raw'' (headerless little-
endian), ``mcp'' or ``war'' (headerless big-endian), ``aiff''
(IFF audio format, used on the Amiga and by certain semi-profes‐
sional software), ``wav'' (RIFF/WAV format commonly used by Mi‐
crosoft products), ``au'' (AU format used by Sun workstations).
The audio data is always stored in 16bit stereo 44.1kHz. If you
need a different format, you can use sox(1) to convert it.
The -f option is ignored when reading VideoCD tracks.
-t tracklist, --track tracklist
Specify which track(s) to read. This can be a single track num‐
ber, a range (from-to), multiple track numbers separated by com‐
mas, or a combination thereof. Tracks which don't exist on the
CD are ignored. The default is to read all tracks in sequence
(1-100).
-s sector, --start sector
Specify the start sector. You must also use the -e option to
specify the end sector. The -t option is ignored when sector
addresses are used. Only one output file is created.
-e sector, --end sector
Specify the end sector (inclusive). See the -s option above.
-o outfile, --output outfile
Specify the output file name, which is used to store the audio
data. If the name is a single dash ``-'', audio data is written
to the standard output. If the name contains the character
sequence ``%s'', it is substituted by an extension appropriate
for the file file format (for example, if the output is in WAV
format, ``%s'' will be replaced by ``wav'').
If the name contains a percent sign ``%'' (not followed by an
``s''), it is interpreted as a formatting sequence for an inte‐
ger value (according to sprintf(3)) which will be substituted by
the current track number, so that every track will be written to
its own file. Example:
-o track%d.raw -t 1-3
creates the files track1.raw, track2.raw, and track3.raw.
If the name does not contain a percent sign, all tracks are
written into the same output file, one after another.
-k rate, --kbps rate
Specify the desired mp3 bitrate (in kbits/s) for MPEG audio
encoding (the default is 128 kbits/s). This is not essential
for tosha to operate correctly, but it helps in estimating the
file size if you're going to MPEG encode the audio data. If
you're not planning to MPEG encode it, this number is meaning‐
less. It's also meaningless for VideoCD tracks.
-b sectors, --buffer sectors
WARNING: This is a ``wizard option'' -- do not use it unless you
know exactly what you're doing. This option specifies the size
of the read buffer (in CD DA sectors), and thus it specifies the
number of sectors that can be read at once (with a single drive
access). The default is 10, which should work reasonably well
with most drives. The maximum is 26 (my drive doesn't support
more, probably because no more than 26 sectors with subchannel
data fit into 64 Kb of memory).
SEE ALSOpcmplay(1), pcmfade(1), sox(1), intro(1), sprintf(3)DEVICE PERMISSIONS
In order to be able to access the CD-ROM drive with tosha, make sure
that you have sufficient permission to access the appropriate device
entries in the /dev directory (you need read and write access to the
device). For the ``classic'' SCSI system, this is usually /dev/cd0c.
For the new CAM SCSI system (FreeBSD 3.0), you need access to the pass
and xpt devices (please refer to the manual pages pass(4) and xpt(4)).
The easiest way, of course, is to run tosha as root, thus not having to
worry about permissions. However, this is not recommended.
A much cleaner approach would be to create a group for the users who
are allowed to access the CD-ROM drive (or use an existing group such
as ``operator''). Add those users to that group by editing the
/etc/group file (note that modifications to that file will take effect
the next time you log in), see the manual page group(5). Use chgrp(1)
to give the appropriate devices to that group, then use chmod(1) to
give read/write permission to that group. For example:
chgrp operator /dev/cd0c
chmod g+rw /dev/cd0c
VIDEOCD SUPPORT
The first track on VideoCDs usually contains a small ISO filesystem,
containing information for CD-i players etc. The actual video tracks
(one or more) start at track 2.
tosha detects if the track is an audio track or a VideoCD data track,
and it automatically uses the appropriate access method for the drive.
However, do not try to read normal CD-ROM data tracks with tosha.
Doing so might result in SCSI errors.
The VideoCD data (as read by tosha) is basically an MPEG system stream
with additional information (sync, timecode etc.). In order to play it
on the screen, you'll need an MPEG player that is aware of this format
(a plain MPEG player won't work). For example, you can use ``mpegtv''
(see http://www.mpegtv.com/).
NOTES
Not all SCSI drives work with tosha, and only some are really tested
and proven to work. See the WWW page (section AUTHOR) for a list of
drives which are know to work (or not to work).
The name ``tosha'' has historical reasons: The very first version only
worked with the author's Toshiba drive.
There is currently no ``jitter correction'' performed. Frankly, I
think that it shouldn't be necessary with most modern CD-ROM drives, so
I didn't bother to implement it. Besides, I don't have drives to test
it with -- all of my drives work perfectly well without jitter correc‐
tion.
BUGS
Probably.
AUTHOR
Copyright (C) 1997-1999 Oliver Fromme <olli@fromme.com>
All rights reserved. For more information, please refer to the file
LICENCE which is included with the source distribution.
Internet references:
http://www.fromme.com/tosha/
01 Jan 1999 tosha(1)
