tapes(1M) System Administration Commands tapes(1M)NAMEtapes - creates /dev entries for tape drives attached to the system
SYNOPSIS
/usr/sbin/tapes [-r root_dir]
DESCRIPTIONdevfsadm(1M) is now the preferred command for /dev and /devices and
should be used instead of tapes.
tapes creates symbolic links in the /dev/rmt directory to the actual
tape device special files under the /devices directory tree. tapes
searches the kernel device tree to see what tape devices are attached
to the system. For each equipped tape drive, the following steps are
performed:
1. The /dev/rmt directory is searched for a /dev/rmt/n entry that is a
symbolic link to the /devices special node of the current tape
drive. If one is found, this determines the logical controller num‐
ber of the tape drive.
2. The rest of the special devices associated with the drive are
checked, and incorrect symbolic links are removed and necessary
ones added.
3. If none are found, a new logical controller number is assigned (the
lowest-unused number), and new symbolic links are created for all
the special devices associated with the drive.
tapes does not remove links to non-existent devices; these must be
removed by hand.
tapes is run each time a reconfiguration-boot is performed, or when
add_drv(1M) is executed.
Notice to Driver Writers
tapes(1M) considers all devices with the node type DDI_NT_TAPE to be
tape devices; these devices must have their minor name created with a
specific format. The minor name encodes operational modes for the tape
device and consists of an ASCII string of the form [ l,m,h,c,u ][ b ][
n ].
The first character set is used to specify the tape density of the
device, and are named low (l), medium (m), high (h), compressed (c),
and ultra (u). These specifiers only express a relative density; it is
up to the driver to assign specific meanings as needed. For example, 9
track tape devices interpret these as actual bits-per-inch densities,
where l means 800 BPI, m means 1600 BPI , and h means 6250 BPI, whereas
4mm DAT tapes defines l as standard format, and m, h, c and u as com‐
pressed format. Drivers may choose to implement any or all of these
format types.
During normal tape operation (non-BSD behavior), once an EOF mark has
been reached, subsequent reads from the tape device return an error. An
explicit IOCTL must be issued to space over the EOF mark before the
next file can be read. b instructs the device to observe BSD behavior,
where reading at EOF will cause the tape device to automatically space
over the EOF mark and begin reading from the next file.
n or no-rewind-on-close instructs the driver to not rewind to the
beginning of tape when the device is closed. Normal behavior for tape
devices is to reposition to BOT when closing. See mtio(7I).
The minor number for tape devices should be created by encoding the
device's instance number using the tape macro MTMINOR and ORing in the
proper combination of density, BSD behavior, and no-rewind flags. See
mtio(7I).
To prevent tapes from attempting to automatically generate links for a
device, drivers must specify a private node type and refrain from using
the node type string DDI_NT_TAPE when callingddi_create_minor_node(9F).
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-r root_dir Causes tapes to presume that the /dev/rmt directory
tree is found under root_dir, not directly under /.
ERRORS
If tapes finds entries of a particular logical controller linked to
different physical controllers, it prints an error message and exits
without making any changes to the /dev directory, since it cannot
determine which of the two alternative logical to physical mappings is
correct. The links should be manually corrected or removed before
another reconfiguration boot is performed.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Creating Tape Device Nodes From Within the Driver's attach()
Function
This example demonstrates creating tape device nodes from within the
xktape driver's attach(9E) function.
#include <sys/mtio.h>
struct tape_minor_info {
char *minor_name;
int minor_mode;
};
/*
* create all combinations of logical tapes
*/
static struct tape_minor_info example_tape[] = {
{"", 0}, /* default tape */
{"l", MT_DENSITY1},
{"lb", MT_DENSITY1 | MT_BSD},
{"lbn", MT_DENSITY1 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND},
{"m", MT_DENSITY2},
{"mb", MT_DENSITY2 | MT_BSD},
{"mbn", MT_DENSITY2 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND},
{"h", MT_DENSITY3},
{"hb", MT_DENSITY3 | MT_BSD},
{"hbn", MT_DENSITY3 | MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND},
{"c", MT_DENSITY4},
{"cb", MT_DENSITY4 | MT_BSD},
{"cbn", MT_DENSITY4| MT_BSD | MT_NOREWIND},
{NULL, 0},
};
int
xktapeattach(dev_info_t *dip, ddi_attach_cmd_t cmd)
{
int instance;
struct tape_minor_info *mdp;
/* other stuff in attach... */
instance = ddi_get_instance(dip);
for (mdp = example_tape; mdp->minor_name != NULL; mdp++) {
ddi_create_minor_node(dip, mdp->minor_name, S_IFCHR,
(MTMINOR(instance) | mdp->minor_mode), DDI_NT_TAPE, 0);
}
Installing the xktape driver on a Sun Fire 4800, with the driver con‐
trolling a SCSI tape (target 4 attached to an isp(7D) SCSI HBA) and
performing a reconfiguration-boot creates the following special files
in /devices.
# ls -l /devices/ssm@0,0/pci@18,700000/pci@1/SUNW,isptwo@4
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:b
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:bn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,152 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:c
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,216 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,220 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,156 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:cn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,144 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:h
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,208 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,212 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,148 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:hn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,128 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:l
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,192 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,196 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:lbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,132 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:ln
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,136 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:m
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,200 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mb
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,204 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mbn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:mn
crw-rw-rw- 1 root sys 33,140 Aug 29 00:02 xktape@4,0:n
/dev/rmt will contain the logical tape devices (symbolic links to tape
devices in /devices).
# ls -l /dev/rmt
/dev/rmt/0 -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:
/dev/rmt/0b -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:b
/dev/rmt/0bn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:bn
/dev/rmt/0c -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:c
/dev/rmt/0cb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cb
/dev/rmt/0cbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cbn
/dev/rmt/0cn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:cn
/dev/rmt/0h -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:h
/dev/rmt/0hb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hb
/dev/rmt/0hbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hbn
/dev/rmt/0hn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:hn
/dev/rmt/0l -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:l
/dev/rmt/0lb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lb
/dev/rmt/0lbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:lbn
/dev/rmt/0ln -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:ln
/dev/rmt/0m -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:m
/dev/rmt/0mb -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mb
/dev/rmt/0mbn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mbn
/dev/rmt/0mn -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:mn
/dev/rmt/0n -> ../../devices/[....]/xktape@4,0:n
FILES
/dev/rmt/* logical tape devices
/devices/* tape device nodes
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
│ ATTRIBUTE TYPE │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
│Availability │SUNWcsu │
└─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘
SEE ALSOadd_drv(1M), devfsadm(1M), attributes(5), isp(7D), devfs(7FS),
mtio(7I), attach(9E), ddi_create_minor_node(9F)
Writing Device Drivers
BUGStapes silently ignores malformed minor device names.
SunOS 5.10 8 Nov 2002 tapes(1M)
