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pca_lookup_fileInteractive Command-line Input Library Fpca_lookup_file(3TECLA)

NAME
       pca_lookup_file,	   del_PathCache,    del_PcaPathConf,	new_PathCache,
       new_PcaPathConf, pca_last_error,	 pca_path_completions,	pca_scan_path,
       pca_set_check_fn,  ppc_file_start,  ppc_literal_escapes - lookup a file
       in a list of directories

SYNOPSIS
       cc [ flag... ] file... -ltecla [ library... ]
       #include <libtecla.h>

       char *pca_lookup_file(PathCache *pc, const char *name,
	   int name_len, int literal);

       PathCache *del_PathCache(PathCache *pc);

       PcaPathConf *del_PcaPathConf(PcaPathConf *ppc);

       PathCache *new_PathCache(void);

       PcaPathConf *new_PcaPathConf(PathCache *pc);

       const char *pca_last_error(PathCache *pc);

       CPL_MATCH_FN(pca_path_completions);

       int pca_scan_path(PathCache *pc, const char *path);

       void pca_set_check_fn(PathCache *pc, CplCheckFn *check_fn,
	   void *data);

       void ppc_file_start(PcaPathConf *ppc, int start_index);

       void ppc_literal_escapes(PcaPathConf *ppc, int literal);

DESCRIPTION
       The PathCache object is part of the libtecla(3LIB)  library.  PathCache
       objects allow an application to search for files in any colon separated
       list of directories, such as the UNIX execution PATH environment	 vari‐
       able.  Files  in absolute directories are cached in a PathCache object,
       whereas relative directories are scanned as needed. Using  a  PathCache
       object,	you can look up the full pathname of a simple filename, or you
       can obtain a list of the possible completions of a given filename  pre‐
       fix.  By	 default  all files in the list of directories are targets for
       lookup and completion, but a versatile mechanism is provided  for  only
       selecting  specific  types  of  files.  The obvious application of this
       facility is to provide Tab-completion and lookup of executable commands
       in  the	UNIX  PATH, so an optional callback which rejects all but exe‐
       cutable files, is provided.

   An Example
       Under UNIX, the following example program looks	up  and	 displays  the
       full pathnames of each of the command names on the command line.

	 #include <stdio.h>
	 #include <stdlib.h>
	 #include <libtecla.h>

	 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
	 {
		int i;
		/*
		* Create a cache for executable files.
		*/
		PathCache *pc = new_PathCache();
		if(!pc)
		  exit(1);
		/*
		* Scan the user's PATH for executables.
		*/
		if(pca_scan_path(pc, getenv("PATH"))) {
		  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", pca_last_error(pc));
		  exit(1);
		}
		/*
		* Arrange to only report executable files.
		*/
		pca_set_check_fn(pc, cpl_check_exe, NULL);
		/*
		* Lookup and display the full pathname of each of the
		* commands listed on the command line.
		*/
		for(i=1; i<argc; i++) {
		  char *cmd = pca_lookup_file(pc, argv[i], -1, 0);
		  printf("The full pathname of '%s' is %s\\n", argv[i],
			 cmd ? cmd : "unknown");
		}
		pc = del_PathCache(pc);	 /* Clean up */
		return 0;
	 }

       The following is an example of what this does on a laptop under LINUX:

	 $ ./example less more blob
	 The full pathname of 'less' is /usr/bin/less
	 The full pathname of 'more' is /bin/more
	 The full pathname of 'blob' is unknown
	 $

   Function Descriptions
       To  use	the facilities of this module, you must first allocate a Path‐
       Cache object by calling the new_PathCache() constructor function.  This
       function	 creates  the  resources needed to cache and lookup files in a
       list of directories. It returns NULL on error.

   Populating The Cache
       Once you have created a cache, it needs to be populated with files.  To
       do  this,  call the pca_scan_path() function. Whenever this function is
       called, it discards the current contents of the cache, then  scans  the
       list of directories specified in its path argument for files.  The path
       argument must be a string containing a colon-separated list of directo‐
       ries,  such  as "/usr/bin:/home/mcs/bin:". This can include directories
       specified by absolute pathnames such as "/usr/bin",  as	well  as  sub-
       directories specified by relative pathnames such as "." or "bin". Files
       in the absolute directories are immediately  cached  in	the  specified
       PathCache  object,  whereas  subdirectories, whose identities obviously
       change whenever the current working directory is changed, are marked to
       be scanned on the fly whenever a file is looked up.

       On  success  this  function  return  0.	On  error  it returns 1, and a
       description of the error can be obtained by calling pca_last_error(pc).

   Looking Up Files
       Once the cache has been populated with files, you can look up the  full
       pathname	  of   a   file,   simply   by	 specifying  its  filename  to
       pca_lookup_file().

       To make it possible to pass this function a filename which is  actually
       part  of	 a longer string, the name_len argument can be used to specify
       the length of the filename at the start of the name[] argument. If  you
       pass  -1	 for  this length, the length of the string will be determined
       with strlen. If the name[] string might contain backslashes that escape
       the  special  meanings of spaces and tabs within the filename, give the
       literal argument the value  0.  Otherwise,  if  backslashes  should  be
       treated as normal characters, pass 1 for the value of the literal argu‐
       ment.

   Filename Completion
       Looking up the potential completions of a filename-prefix in the	 file‐
       name  cache  is achieved by passing the provided pca_path_completions()
       callback function to the cpl_complete_word(3TECLA) function.

       This callback requires that its data argument be a pointer to  a	 PcaP‐
       athConf	object.	 Configuration	objects	 of this type are allocated by
       calling new_PcaPathConf().

       This function returns an object initialized with default	 configuration
       parameters,  which  determine  how  the cpl_path_completions() callback
       function behaves. The functions which allow you to individually	change
       these parameters are discussed below.

       By default, the pca_path_completions() callback function searches back‐
       wards for the start of the filename being completed,  looking  for  the
       first  un-escaped  space or the start of the input line. If you wish to
       specify a different location, call ppc_file_start() with the  index  at
       which the filename starts in the input line. Passing start_index=-1 re-
       enables the default behavior.

       By default, when pca_path_completions() looks  at  a  filename  in  the
       input  line,  each  lone	 backslash in the input line is interpreted as
       being a special character which removes any special significance of the
       character  which	 follows  it, such as a space which should be taken as
       part of the filename rather than delimiting the start of the  filename.
       These  backslashes  are thus ignored while looking for completions, and
       subsequently added before spaces, tabs and literal backslashes  in  the
       list  of	 completions.  To have unescaped backslashes treated as normal
       characters, call ppc_literal_escapes() with a  non-zero	value  in  its
       literal argument.

       When  you have finished with a PcaPathConf variable, you can pass it to
       the del_PcaPathConf() destructor function to reclaim its memory.

   Being Selective
       If you are only interested in certain types  or	files,	such  as,  for
       example,	 executable  files,  or	 files whose names end in a particular
       suffix, you can arrange for the file completion and lookup functions to
       be  selective in the filenames that they return. This is done by regis‐
       tering a callback function  with	 your  PathCache  object.  Thereafter,
       whenever	 a  filename  is  found	 which either matches a filename being
       looked up or matches a prefix which is being completed,	your  callback
       function	 will  be  called with the full pathname of the file, plus any
       application-specific data that you provide. If the callback  returns  1
       the  filename  will be reported as a match. If it returns 0, it will be
       ignored. Suitable callback functions and	 their	prototypes  should  be
       declared	 with the following macro. The CplCheckFn typedef is also pro‐
       vided in case you wish to declare pointers to such functions

	 #define CPL_CHECK_FN(fn) int (fn)(void *data, const char *pathname)
	 typedef CPL_CHECK_FN(CplCheckFn);

       Registering   one   of	these	functions   involves	calling	   the
       pca_set_check_fn()  function.  In  addition  to	the  callback function
       passed with the check_fn argument, you can pass a pointer  to  anything
       with the data argument. This pointer will be passed on to your callback
       function by its own data argument whenever it is	 called,  providing  a
       way to pass application-specific data to your callback. Note that these
       callbacks are passed the full pathname of each matching	file,  so  the
       decision	 about whether a file is of interest can be based on any prop‐
       erty of the file, not just its filename. As an  example,	 the  provided
       cpl_check_exe()	callback  function looks at the executable permissions
       of the file and the permissions of its  parent  directories,  and  only
       returns 1 if the user has execute permission to the file. This callback
       function can thus be used to lookup or complete command names found  in
       the  directories	 listed	 in  the user's PATH environment variable. The
       example program above provides a demonstration of this.

       Beware that if somebody tries to complete an empty string,  your	 call‐
       back will get called once for every file in the cache, which could num‐
       ber in the thousands. If your callback does  anything  time  consuming,
       this  could  result in an unacceptable delay for the user, so callbacks
       should be kept short.

       To improve performance, whenever one of these callbacks is called,  the
       choice  that  it	 makes	is cached, and the next time the corresponding
       file is looked up, instead of calling the callback  again,  the	cached
       record of whether it was accepted or rejected is used. Thus if somebody
       tries to complete an empty string, and hits  tab	 a  second  time  when
       nothing appears to happen, there will only be one long delay, since the
       second pass will operate entirely from the cached dispositions  of  the
       files.  These cached dipositions are discarded whenever pca_scan_path()
       is called, and whenever pca_set_check_fn() is called with changed call‐
       back function or data arguments.

   Error Handling
       If  pca_scan_path()  reports that an error occurred by returning 1, you
       can  obtain   a	 terse	 description   of   the	  error	  by   calling
       pca_last_error(pc). This returns an internal string containing an error
       message.

   Cleaning Up
       Once you have finished using a PathCache object, you  can  reclaim  its
       resources  by  passing  it  to the del_PathCache() destructor function.
       This takes a pointer to one of these objects, and always returns NULL.

   Thread Safety
       It is safe to use the facilities of this module	in  multiple  threads,
       provided that each thread uses a separately allocated PathCache object.
       In other words, if two threads want to do path searching,  they	should
       each call new_PathCache() to allocate their own caches.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
       │      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     │	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability	     │Evolving			   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │MT-Level		     │MT-Safe			   │
       └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

SEE ALSO
       cpl_complete_word(3TECLA), ef_expand_file(3TECLA), gl_get_line(3TECLA),
       libtecla(3LIB), attributes(5)

SunOS 5.10			  13 Aug 2007	       pca_lookup_file(3TECLA)
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