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RCMD(3)			   Linux Programmer's Manual		       RCMD(3)

NAME
       rcmd, rresvport, iruserok, ruserok, rcmd_af, rresvport_af, iruserok_af,
       ruserok_af - routines for returning a stream to a remote command

SYNOPSIS
       #include <netdb.h>   /* Or <unistd.h> on some systems */

       int rcmd(char **ahost, int inport, const char *locuser,
		const char *remuser, const char *cmd, int *fd2p);

       int rresvport(int *port);

       int iruserok(uint32_t raddr, int superuser,
		    const char *ruser, const char *luser);

       int ruserok(const char *rhost, int superuser,
		   const char *ruser, const char *luser);

       int rcmd_af(char **ahost, int inport, const char *locuser,
		   const char *remuser, const char *cmd, int *fd2p,
		   sa_family_t af);

       int rresvport_af(int *port, sa_family_t af);

       int iruserok_af(uint32_t raddr, int superuser,
		       const char *ruser, const char *luser, sa_family_t af);

       int ruserok_af(const char *rhost, int superuser,
		      const char *ruser, const char *luser, sa_family_t af);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       rcmd(),	  rcmd_af(),	rresvport(),	rresvport_af(),	   iruserok(),
       iruserok_af(), ruserok(), ruserok_af(): _BSD_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION
       The  rcmd() function is used by the superuser to execute a command on a
       remote machine using an authentication scheme based on privileged  port
       numbers.	  The  rresvport()  function  returns a descriptor to a socket
       with an address in the  privileged  port	 space.	  The  iruserok()  and
       ruserok()  functions  are  used	by  servers  to	 authenticate  clients
       requesting service with rcmd().	All four functions  are	 used  by  the
       rshd(8) server (among others).

   rcmd()
       The  rcmd()  function  looks up the host *ahost using gethostbyname(3),
       returning -1 if the host does not exist.	 Otherwise *ahost  is  set  to
       the  standard  name  of	the  host and a connection is established to a
       server residing at the well-known Internet port inport.

       If the connection succeeds, a socket in the  Internet  domain  of  type
       SOCK_STREAM  is returned to the caller, and given to the remote command
       as stdin and stdout.  If fd2p is nonzero, then an auxiliary channel  to
       a  control  process  will  be  set  up, and a descriptor for it will be
       placed in *fd2p.	 The control process  will  return  diagnostic	output
       from  the  command (unit 2) on this channel, and will also accept bytes
       on this channel as being UNIX signal numbers, to be  forwarded  to  the
       process group of the command.  If fd2p is 0, then the stderr (unit 2 of
       the remote command) will be made the same as the stdout and  no	provi‐
       sion  is	 made  for  sending  arbitrary	signals to the remote process,
       although you may be able to get	its  attention	by  using  out-of-band
       data.

       The protocol is described in detail in rshd(8).

   rresvport()
       The  rresvport()	 function is used to obtain a socket with a privileged
       port bound to it.  This socket is suitable for use by rcmd()  and  sev‐
       eral  other  functions.	 Privileged  ports are those in the range 0 to
       1023.  Only a privileged process (CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE) is  allowed  to
       bind  to a privileged port.  In the glibc implementation, this function
       restricts its search to the ports from 512 to 1023.  The port  argument
       is  value-result:  the  value  it  supplies  to the call is used as the
       starting point for a circular search of the port range; on (successful)
       return, it contains the port number that was bound to.

   iruserok() and ruserok()
       The  iruserok() and ruserok() functions take a remote host's IP address
       or name, respectively, two usernames and a flag indicating whether  the
       local  user's  name is that of the superuser.  Then, if the user is not
       the superuser, it checks the /etc/hosts.equiv file.  If that lookup  is
       not  done,  or  is  unsuccessful,  the .rhosts in the local user's home
       directory is checked to see if the request for service is allowed.

       If this file does not exist, is not a regular file, is owned by	anyone
       other  than  the	 user or the superuser, or is writable by anyone other
       than the owner, the check automatically fails.  Zero is returned if the
       machine	name is listed in the hosts.equiv file, or the host and remote
       username are found  in  the  .rhosts  file;  otherwise  iruserok()  and
       ruserok()  return  -1.	If the local domain (as obtained from gethost‐
       name(2)) is the same as the remote domain, only the machine  name  need
       be specified.

       If  the	IP  address  of the remote host is known, iruserok() should be
       used in preference to ruserok(), as it does not	require	 trusting  the
       DNS server for the remote host's domain.

   *_af() variants
       All  of the functions described above work with IPv4 (AF_INET) sockets.
       The "_af" variants take	an  extra  argument  that  allows  the	socket
       address	family	to be specified.  For these functions, the af argument
       can be specified as AF_INET or AF_INET6.	 In addition,  rcmd_af()  sup‐
       ports the use of AF_UNSPEC.

RETURN VALUE
       The  rcmd()  function returns a valid socket descriptor on success.  It
       returns -1 on error and prints a diagnostic  message  on	 the  standard
       error.

       The  rresvport()	 function  returns a valid, bound socket descriptor on
       success.	 It returns -1 on  error  with	the  global  value  errno  set
       according  to  the  reason for failure.	The error code EAGAIN is over‐
       loaded to mean "All network ports in use."

       For information on the return from ruserok() and iruserok(), see above.

VERSIONS
       The   functions	 iruserok_af(),	  rcmd_af(),	rresvport_af(),	   and
       ruserok_af() functions are provide in glibc since version 2.2.

CONFORMING TO
       Not in POSIX.1-2001.  Present on the BSDs, Solaris, and many other sys‐
       tems.  These functions appeared in 4.2BSD.  The "_af" variants are more
       recent additions, and are not present on as wide a range of systems.

BUGS
       iruserok()  and	iruserok_af() are declared in glibc headers only since
       version 2.12.

SEE ALSO
       rlogin(1), rsh(1), intro(2), rexec(3), rexecd(8), rlogind(8), rshd(8)

COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 3.54 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of	the project, and information about reporting bugs, can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux				  2012-04-23			       RCMD(3)
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