fuser man page on SuSE

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FUSER(1)			 User Commands			      FUSER(1)

NAME
       fuser - identify processes using files or sockets

SYNOPSIS
       fuser [-fuv] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n  space ] [-k [-i] [-w] [-SIGNAL
       ] ] name ...
       fuser -l
       fuser -V

DESCRIPTION
       fuser displays the PIDs of processes using the specified files or  file
       systems.	  In the default display mode, each file name is followed by a
       letter denoting the type of access:

	      c	     current directory.

	      e	     executable being run.

	      f	     open file. f is omitted in default display mode.

	      F	     open file for writing. F is omitted  in  default  display
		     mode.

	      r	     root directory.

	      m	     mmap'ed file or shared library.

       fuser  returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files is
       accessed or in case of a fatal error. If at least one access  has  been
       found, fuser returns zero.

       In  order  to  look  up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the corre‐
       sponding name space has to be selected with the -n option.  By  default
       fuser  will  look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. To change the default,
       behavior, use the -4 and -6 options. The socket(s) can be specified  by
       the  local  and	remote	port,  and  the remote address. All fields are
       optional, but commas in front of missing fields must be present:

       [lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]

       Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and port
       numbers.

       fuser  outputs  only  the  PIDs	to  stdout, everything else is sent to
       stderr.

OPTIONS
       -a     Show all files specified on the command line. By	default,  only
	      files that are accessed by at least one process are shown.

       -c     Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.

       -f     Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.

       -k     Kill  processes accessing the file. Unless changed with -SIGNAL,
	      SIGKILL is sent. An fuser process never kills  itself,  but  may
	      kill other fuser processes. The effective user ID of the process
	      executing fuser is set to its real user ID before attempting  to
	      kill.

       -i     Ask  the	user  for  confirmation before killing a process. This
	      option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.

       -w     Kill only processes which have  write  access.  This  option  is
	      silently ignored if -k is not present too.

       -l     List all known signal names.

       -m     name specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device
	      that is mounted. All processes accessing files on that file sys‐
	      tem  are	listed.	 If a directory file is specified, it is auto‐
	      matically changed to name/. To use any file system that might be
	      mounted  on  that	 directory.  Please note that due the required
	      device ID comparision all mounted file systems the stat(2)  sys‐
	      tem  call will applied to every file system even on network file
	      system (NFS).  If the NFS server does not respond or the network
	      is down the stat(2) may hang forever.

       -n space
	      Select a different name space. The name spaces file (file names,
	      the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp (local  TCP	ports)
	      are supported. For ports, either the port number or the symbolic
	      name can be specified. If there is no  ambiguity,	 the  shortcut
	      notation name/Ispace (e.g. 80/tcp ) can be used.

       -s     Silent  operation.  -u and -v are ignored in this mode.  -a must
	      not be used with -s.

       -SIGNAL
	      Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL  when	 killing  pro‐
	      cesses.  Signals	can be specified either by name (e.g. -HUP) or
	      by number (e.g. -1). This option is silently ignored if  the  -k
	      option is not used.

       -u     Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.

       -v     Verbose mode. Processes are shown in a ps-like style. The fields
	      PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to ps. ACCESS  shows  how  the
	      process  accesses the file. If the access is by the kernel (e.g.
	      in the case of a mount point, a  swap  file,  etc.),  kernel  is
	      shown instead of the PID.

       -V     Display version information.

       -4     Search  only for IPv4 sockets. This option must not be used with
	      the -6 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp names‐
	      paces.

       -6     Search  only for IPv6 sockets. This option must not be used with
	      the -4 option and only has an effect with the tcp and udp names‐
	      paces.

       -      Reset all options and set the signal back to SIGKILL.

FILES
       /proc	 location of the proc file system

EXAMPLES
       fuser  -km /home kills all processes accessing the file system /home in
       any way.

       if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else something; fi invokes something if
       no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.

       fuser telnet/tcp shows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.

RESTRICTIONS
       Processes  accessing  the same file or file system several times in the
       same way are only shown once.

       If the same object is specified several times on the command line, some
       of those entries may be ignored.

       fuser  may  only	 be able to gather partial information unless run with
       privileges. As a consequence, files opened by  processes	 belonging  to
       other  users  may  not  be  listed and executables may be classified as
       mapped only.

       Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with  partial
       information, but may be undesirable for security and privacy reasons.

       udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can't be searched with
       kernels older than 1.3.78.

       udp and tcp currently  work with IPv6 and IPv4, but the address	fields
       can only be IPv4 addresses.

       Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.

       The -k option only works on processes. If the user is the kernel, fuser
       will print an advice, but take no action beyond that.

BUGS
       fuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag)  all  processes,
       even  if	 you  don't  have  that	 device configured. There may be other
       devices it does this for too.

       fuser -m name may hang forever if there are NFS	file  systems  mounted
       and  one of the NFS servers do not respond or the corresponding network
       is down.

       fuser cannot report on any processes that it doesn't have permission to
       look at the file descriptor table for.  The most common time this prob‐
       lem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running fuser as
       a non-root user. In this case fuser will report no access

AUTHORS
       Werner Almesberger <werner@almesberger.net>

       Craig Small <csmall@small.dropbear.id.au>

SEE ALSO
       kill(1), killall(1), lsof(8), pkill(1), ps(1), kill(2).

Linux				  2009-04-26			      FUSER(1)
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