ATF-C++-API(3) BSD Library Functions Manual ATF-C++-API(3)NAME
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE, ATF_CHECK_ERRNO, ATF_FAIL, ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES,
ATF_PASS, ATF_REQUIRE, ATF_REQUIRE_EQ, ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO, ATF_REQUIRE_IN,
ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH, ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN, ATF_REQUIRE_THROW,
ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_RE, ATF_SKIP, ATF_TEST_CASE, ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY,
ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP, ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD, ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP,
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD, — C++ API to write ATF-based test programs
SYNOPSIS
#include <atf-c++.hpp>
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, name);
ATF_CHECK_ERRNO(exp_errno, bool_expression);
ATF_FAIL(reason);
ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES(tcs);
ATF_PASS();
ATF_REQUIRE(expression);
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(expression_1, expression_2);
ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO(exp_errno, bool_expression);
ATF_REQUIRE_IN(element, collection);
ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH(regexp, string_expression);
ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN(element, collection);
ATF_REQUIRE_THROW(expected_exception, statement);
ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_RE(expected_exception, regexp, statement);
ATF_SKIP(reason);
ATF_TEST_CASE(name);
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(name);
ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP(name);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(name);
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP(name);
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD(name);
DESCRIPTION
ATF provides a mostly-macro-based programming interface to implement test
programs in C or C++. This interface is backed by a C++ implementation,
but this fact is hidden from the developer as much as possible through
the use of macros to simplify programming. However, the use of C++ is
not hidden everywhere and while you can implement test cases without
knowing anything at all about the object model underneath the provided
calls, you might need some minimum notions of the language in very spe‐
cific circumstances.
C++-based test programs always follow this template:
extern "C" {
... C-specific includes go here ...
}
... C++-specific includes go here ...
#include <atf-c++.hpp>
ATF_TEST_CASE(tc1);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(tc1)
{
... first test case's header ...
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc1)
{
... first test case's body ...
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP(tc2);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(tc2)
{
... second test case's header ...
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc2)
{
... second test case's body ...
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP(tc2)
{
... second test case's cleanup ...
}
ATF_TEST_CASE(tc3);
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(tc3)
{
... third test case's body ...
}
... additional test cases ...
ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES(tcs)
{
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc1);
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc2);
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, tc3);
... add additional test cases ...
}
Definition of test cases
Test cases have an identifier and are composed of three different parts:
the header, the body and an optional cleanup routine, all of which are
described in atf-test-case(4). To define test cases, one can use the
ATF_TEST_CASE(), ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP() or the
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD() macros, which take a single parameter speci‐
fiying the test case's name. ATF_TEST_CASE(), requires to define a head
and a body for the test case, ATF_TEST_CASE_WITH_CLEANUP() requires to
define a head, a body and a cleanup for the test case and
ATF_TEST_CASE_WITHOUT_HEAD() requires only a body for the test case. It
is important to note that these do not set the test case up for execution
when the program is run. In order to do so, a later registration is
needed through the ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE() macro detailed in Program
initialization.
Later on, one must define the three parts of the body by means of three
functions. Their headers are given by the ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(),
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY() and ATF_TEST_CASE_CLEANUP() macros, all of which
take the test case's name. Following each of these, a block of code is
expected, surrounded by the opening and closing brackets.
Program initialization
The library provides a way to easily define the test program's main()
function. You should never define one on your own, but rely on the
library to do it for you. This is done by using the
ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES() macro, which is passed the name of the list that
will hold the test cases. This name can be whatever you want as long as
it is a valid variable value.
After the macro, you are supposed to provide the body of a function,
which should only use the ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE() macro to register the test
cases the test program will execute. The first parameter of this macro
matches the name you provided in the former call.
Header definitions
The test case's header can define the meta-data by using the set()
method, which takes two parameters: the first one specifies the meta-data
variable to be set and the second one specifies its value. Both of them
are strings.
Configuration variables
The test case has read-only access to the current configuration variables
by means of the bool has_config_var() and the std::string
get_config_var() methods, which can be called in any of the three parts
of a test case.
Access to the source directory
It is possible to get the path to the test case's source directory from
any of its three components by querying the ‘srcdir’ configuration vari‐
able.
Requiring programs
Aside from the require.progs meta-data variable available in the header
only, one can also check for additional programs in the test case's body
by using the require_prog() function, which takes the base name or full
path of a single binary. Relative paths are forbidden. If it is not
found, the test case will be automatically skipped.
Test case finalization
The test case finalizes either when the body reaches its end, at which
point the test is assumed to have passed, or at any explicit call to
ATF_PASS(), ATF_FAIL() or ATF_SKIP(). These three macros terminate the
execution of the test case immediately. The cleanup routine will be pro‐
cessed afterwards in a completely automated way, regardless of the test
case's termination reason.
ATF_PASS() does not take any parameters. ATF_FAIL() and ATF_SKIP() take
a single string that describes why the test case failed or was skipped,
respectively. It is very important to provide a clear error message in
both cases so that the user can quickly know why the test did not pass.
Expectations
Everything explained in the previous section changes when the test case
expectations are redefined by the programmer.
Each test case has an internal state called ‘expect’ that describes what
the test case expectations are at any point in time. The value of this
property can change during execution by any of:
expect_death(reason)
Expects the test case to exit prematurely regardless of the
nature of the exit.
expect_exit(exitcode, reason)
Expects the test case to exit cleanly. If exitcode is not ‘-1’,
atf-run(1) will validate that the exit code of the test case
matches the one provided in this call. Otherwise, the exact
value will be ignored.
expect_fail(reason)
Any failure (be it fatal or non-fatal) raised in this mode is
recorded. However, such failures do not report the test case as
failed; instead, the test case finalizes cleanly and is reported
as ‘expected failure’; this report includes the provided reason
as part of it. If no error is raised while running in this mode,
then the test case is reported as ‘failed’.
This mode is useful to reproduce actual known bugs in tests.
Whenever the developer fixes the bug later on, the test case will
start reporting a failure, signaling the developer that the test
case must be adjusted to the new conditions. In this situation,
it is useful, for example, to set reason as the bug number for
tracking purposes.
expect_pass()
This is the normal mode of execution. In this mode, any failure
is reported as such to the user and the test case is marked as
‘failed’.
expect_race(reason)
Any failure or timeout during the execution of the test case will
be considered as if a race condition has been triggered and
reported as such. If no problems arise, the test will continue
execution as usual.
expect_signal(signo, reason)
Expects the test case to terminate due to the reception of a sig‐
nal. If signo is not ‘-1’, atf-run(1) will validate that the
signal that terminated the test case matches the one provided in
this call. Otherwise, the exact value will be ignored.
expect_timeout(reason)
Expects the test case to execute for longer than its timeout.
Helper macros for common checks
The library provides several macros that are very handy in multiple situ‐
ations. These basically check some condition after executing a given
statement or processing a given expression and, if the condition is not
met, they automatically call ATF_FAIL() with an appropriate error mes‐
sage.
ATF_REQUIRE() takes an expression and raises a failure if it evaluates to
false.
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ() takes two expressions and raises a failure if the two do
not evaluate to the same exact value.
ATF_REQUIRE_IN() takes an element and a collection and validates that the
element is present in the collection.
ATF_REQUIRE_MATCH() takes a regular expression and a string and raises a
failure if the regular expression does not match the string.
ATF_REQUIRE_NOT_IN() takes an element and a collection and validates that
the element is not present in the collection.
ATF_REQUIRE_THROW() takes the name of an exception and a statement and
raises a failure if the statement does not throw the specified exception.
ATF_REQUIRE_THROW_EQ() takes the name of an exception, a regular expre‐
sion and a statement and raises a failure if the statement does not throw
the specified exception and if the message of the exception does not
match the regular expression.
ATF_CHECK_ERRNO() and ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO() take, first, the error code
that the check is expecting to find in the errno variable and, second, a
boolean expression that, if evaluates to true, means that a call failed
and errno has to be checked against the first value.
EXAMPLES
The following shows a complete test program with a single test case that
validates the addition operator:
#include <atf-c++.hpp>
ATF_TEST_CASE(addition);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(addition)
{
set("descr", "Sample tests for the addition operator");
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(addition)
{
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(0 + 0, 0);
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(0 + 1, 1);
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(1 + 0, 1);
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(1 + 1, 2);
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(100 + 200, 300);
}
ATF_TEST_CASE(open_failure);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(open_failure)
{
set("descr", "Sample tests for the open function");
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(open_failure)
{
ATF_REQUIRE_ERRNO(ENOENT, open("non-existent", O_RDONLY) == -1);
}
ATF_TEST_CASE(known_bug);
ATF_TEST_CASE_HEAD(known_bug)
{
set("descr", "Reproduces a known bug");
}
ATF_TEST_CASE_BODY(known_bug)
{
expect_fail("See bug number foo/bar");
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(3, 1 + 1);
expect_pass();
ATF_REQUIRE_EQ(3, 1 + 2);
}
ATF_INIT_TEST_CASES(tcs)
{
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, addition);
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, open_failure);
ATF_ADD_TEST_CASE(tcs, known_bug);
}
SEE ALSOatf-test-program(1), atf-test-case(4), atf(7)BSD December 10, 2010 BSD
