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Want a table of contents for your document? Easy. Just enter
.TOC
as the very last macro of your document file. Mom will have picked
up all document titles (in
collated
documents) and headings, as well as the endnotes section and
bibliography, if they exist, and assigned them the appropriate page
number. Talk about a no-brainer!
That said, tables of contents have even more control macros than endnotes. As always, the reason for so many control macros is so that if you want to change just about any aspect of the table of contents’ typographic appearance, you can.
When you output a table of contents (with .TOC), mom finishes processing the last page of your document, then breaks to a new page for printing the table of contents.
Mom follows standard typesetting conventions for tables of contents. To this end, if HEADERS are enabled for the document, the first page of the table of contents has no page header, but does have a first page number (roman numeral), always “i”, in the bottom margin. If FOOTERS are enabled for the document, the first page has neither a footer, nor a page number in the top margin. (If you absolutely must have a page footer on the first page of the table of contents, simply invoke .FOOTER_ON_FIRST_PAGE immediately before .TOC.) Subsequent table of contents pages have both page headers or footers and a page number.
Entries in a table of contents are hierarchically indented, as you would expect, and if headings are numbered in the body of the document, you can instruct mom to number them in the table of contents as well (see TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS).
Tables of contents are never set in columns, regardless of whether the rest of the document is. Lastly, if recto/verso printing is enabled, the table of contents respects it. This sometimes leads to tables of contents that begin with the wrong margins, but the margins can be corrected either by outputting a BLANKPAGE or by using the control macro TOC_RV_SWITCH.
The overall table of contents family, point size and lead can be altered with control macros, as can the family, font, point size and indent of each level of entry. Furthermore, the page numbering style can be changed, as can the amount of visual space reserved for entry page numbers.
When files containing a table of contents are processed with pdfmom, entries in the table of contents are clickable links when the document is viewed at the screen. The colour of the links is the last .PDF_LINK_COLOR in effect, so if you wish another colour, it should be set just before issuing .TOC.
When preparing files for printing, coloured links in both the table
of contents and elsewhere in the document may not be desirable.
You can disable the colour by passing
pdfmom
the -c option, like this:
pdfmom -c doc.mom > doc.pdf
Because a table of contents can’t be generated until the end of a document (hence the last macro in the file), it is also the last page of the document. While this is desirable for some language conventions—French, for example—it is not desirable for others.
When pdfmom is used to process files with a table of contents, the macro, .AUTO_RELOCATE_TOC, can be used to reposition the table of contents to the top of the output document, with the presence of a cover and/or title page sensibly taken into account. Full AUTO_RELOCATE_TOC usage is described in the manual, Producing PDFs with groff and mom.
In order to take advantage of automatic table of contents repositioning, you must use pdfmom. with groff’s native PDF driver (ie without the -Tps flag). Files that need to be processed with the -Tps flag require you to reposition the table of contents yourself with psselect, described below.
To change the location of the table of contents in files processed with pdfmom -Tps, you have two choices: rearrange the pages by hand (okay for one or two hard copies), or use the psselect programme provided by the psutils suite of tools (which you may have to install as a package from your distribution if it is not already on your system).
The procedure for using psselect to put the table of contents near the beginning of a document begins by you determining how many pages it contains. You can do this by previewing the document with the document viewer of your choice (gv, Okular, Evince, etc).
Once you know the number of pages in the table of contents, you use psselect to place them where you want.
Say, for example, the table of contents runs to just one page. The
command to place a one-page table of contents at the start of a
document is:
psselect -p _1,1-_2
The -p option instructs psselect that what
follows is a comma-separated list of the order in which you want
pages of a document rearranged. The underscore character means
"counting backwards from the end of the document". Thus, the above
says: "Put the last page first (ie the table of contents), followed
by all pages from the original first page up to the second to last
(ie the last page before the table of contents)."
If your table of contents runs to two pages, the option to
psselect would look like this:
psselect -p _1-_2,1-_3
If your table of contents runs to two pages and you have a cover
page, the command would look like this:
psselect -p 1,_1-_2,2-_3
Note:
psselect outputs to stdout, so you have to redirect the
output to a new file.
psselect -p <page list> <file>.ps > <new-file>.ps
If you want a table of contents, just place .TOC at the very end of your document. Mom takes care of the rest.
Tip: If the last line of text in a document, before .TOC, falls too close to the bottom margin, or if the line is followed by a macro likely to cause a linebreak (eg .LIST OFF or .IQ), mom may output a superfluous blank page before the Table of Contents.
In order to avoid this, insert
.EL
after the last line of text, before .TOC and/or any
concluding macros. For example,
some concluding text.
.EL
.TOC
or
some concluding text.
.EL
.LIST OFF
.TOC
Aside from allowing you to set the style of table of contents entries on a per-level basis, the control macros let you design the table of contents as if they were a complete document unto themselves (overall family, headers/footers, pagination, etc).
TOC_FAMILY establishes the default family for every page element in a table of contents, including the table of contents’ header string (by default, “Contents”) and the page number in the top or bottom margin. The default is the prevailing document family.
All page elements in the table of contents also have their own _FAMILY control macros, which can be used on a case-by-case basis to override the default family set with TOC_FAMILY.
• Does not require a unit of measure; points is assumed
Unlike most other control macros that deal with size of document elements, TOC_PT_SIZE takes as its argument an absolute value, relative to nothing. (Compare this with the _SIZE control macros.) The argument represents the base point size of tables of contents from which the size of all other table of contents elements are calculated.
The default for PRINTSTYLE TYPESET is 12.5 points (the same default size used in the body of the document).
• Does not require a unit of measure; points is assumed
Unlike most other control macros that deal with leading of document
elements, TOC_LEAD takes as its argument an absolute value, relative
to nothing. Therefore, the argument represents the
leading
of tables of contents in
points
unless you append an alternative
unit of measure.
For example,
.TOC_LEAD 14
sets the base leading of tables of contents to 14 points, whereas
.TOC_LEAD .5i
sets the base leading of tables of contents to 1/2 inch.
If you want the leading of tables of contents adjusted to fill the page, pass TOC_LEAD the optional argument ADJUST. (See DOC_LEAD_ADJUST for an explanation of leading adjustment.)
The default for PRINTSTYLE TYPESET is the prevailing document lead (16 by default), adjusted.
Note: Even if you give mom a .DOC_LEAD_ADJUST OFF command, she will still, by default, adjust the leading of the table of contents. You must enter TOC_LEAD <lead> with no ADJUST argument to disable this default behaviour.
Additional note: Tables of contents are always double-spaced in PRINTSTYLE TYPEWRITE, regardless of whether the body of the document is single-spaced.
The pagination style of tables of contents is controlled by the same macros that control document page numbering, except PAGENUM (tables of contents always start on page 1). The defaults are the same as for the rest of the document, with the exception that tables of contents, by default, have roman numeral page numbers.
Therefore, if you wish to change some aspect of table of contents pagination style, use the document pagination control macros immediately prior to .TOC.
A special macro, TOC_PAGENUM_STYLE controls the style of table of contents pagination (ie the actual table of contents pages' numbers, not the page number references of entries).
By default, mom paginates tables of contents. If you’d like
her not to, do
.PAGINATE_TOC OFF
(or NO, X, etc).
Note: Simply invoking .PAGINATION OFF or .PAGINATE OFF disables table of contents pagination for the first page of the table of contents only. You must use .PAGINATE_TOC OFF to disable table of contents pagination completely, even if pagination is turned off elsewhere in your document.
See PAGENUM_STYLE for an explanation of the arguments.
By default, mom uses roman numerals to number table of contents
pages. Use TOC_PAGENUM_STYLE if you’d prefer something else.
For example, to have standard digits instead of roman numerals, do
the following:
.TOC_PAGENUM_STYLE DIGIT
The table of contents header string is the title that appears at to top of the table of contents. By default, it’s “Contents”.
If you’d like the title of the table of contents to read
something other than “Contents”, do, for
example
.TOC_HEADER_STRING "Table of Contents"
See Arguments to the control macros.
.TOC_HEADER_FAMILY default = prevailing doc family .TOC_HEADER_FONT default = bold .TOC_HEADER_SIZE default = +4 .TOC_HEADER_QUAD default = left“Entries” refers to the hierarchical arrangement of section titles (in collated documents) and headings as they appear in the table of contents: Section title Head level 1 Head level 2 Head level 3 ... The style for title entries (eg chapter numbers or titles) and heading levels is controlled by TOC_TITLE_STYLE and TOC_ENTRY_STYLE respectively.
“Reference page numbers” means the page numbers associated with entries. Macros to control their style take the form .TOC_PN_<SPEC>, and the defaults are listed here.
See Arguments to the control macros.
.TOC_PN_FAMILY default = prevailing doc family .TOC_PN_FONT default = roman .TOC_PN_SIZE default = 0
TOC_TITLE_STYLE allows you to set all the style parameters for
title entries in the tables of contents with one macro. The
number of arguments can run long, so you may want to break them into
several lines with the backslash character (\). The
arguments are:
FAMILY <family>
FONT <font>
SIZE +|-<n>
COLOR <color>
INDENT <amount>
CAPS | NO_CAPS
The arguments may be entered in any order.
The family, font, size, and color arguments behave identically to the individual control macros that govern other tags, therefore see Arguments to the control macros for usage. Their defaults are the same as for paragraphs in running text.
INDENT lets you indent title entries by the amount specified, and requires a unit of measure. The default is zero.
CAPS instructs mom to capitalize title entries. Capitalization may be enabled or disabled on a per-title basis.
As an example, if you want title entries bold, slightly larger than other
entries and capitalized, you could do either
.TOC_TITLE_ENTRY FONT B SIZE +.5 CAPS
or
.TOC_TITLE_ENTRY \
FONT B \
SIZE +.5 \
CAPS
TOC_ENTRY_STYLE allows you to set individually all the style parameters for any level of entry (beneath titles) in the tables of contents. The number of arguments can run long, so you may want to break them into several lines with the backslash character (\).
<level> corresponds to a
HEADING
level assigned in the body of the document. The remaining arguments
are as follows.
FAMILY <family>
FONT <font>
SIZE +|-<n>
COLOR <color>
INDENT <amount>
CAPS | NO_CAPS
The arguments may be entered in any order.
The family, font, size, and color arguments behave identically to the individual control macros that govern other tags, therefore see Arguments to the control macros for usage. Their defaults are the same as for paragraphs in running text.
INDENT lets you indent entries by the amount specified, and requires a unit of measure. Mom sensibly indents and aligns all levels of entry. If you change the indent for any level, all levels beneath it are still indented according to mom’s normal arrangement, but with the indent assigned to level taken into account. When you use INDENT, the indent is measured from the left margin of the entire text of the previous level, including numbering, if any.
CAPS instructs mom to capitalize title entries. Capitalization may be enabled or disabled on a per-title basis.
As an example, if you want a particular entry level, say
“2”, to be in Helvetica, italics, and slightly larger
than other entries, you could do either
.TOC_ENTRY_STYLE 2 FAMILY H FONT I SIZE +.25
or
.TOC_ENTRY_STYLE 2 \
FAMILY H
FONT I \
SIZE +.25
If numbering is enabled for any level of HEADING, mom, by default, includes the numbering in that level’s entries in table of contents. If you would prefer that numbering not be included in the table of contents, issue .TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS NONE. If you’d like to include numbering, but not the full, concatenated numbering used in the body of the document, issue .TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS TRUNCATE.
Assuming numbering is enabled for HEADINGs 1, 2, and 3,
.TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS FULL (mom’s default), would
result in
1. Level-1 entry
1.1. Level-2 entry
1.1.1. Level-3 entry
2. Level-1 entry
2.1. Level-2 entry
2.1.1. Level-3 entry
whereas .TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS TRUNCATE would produce
1. Level-1 entry
1. Level-2 entry
1. Level-3 entry
2. Level-1 entry
1. Level-2 entry
1. Level-3 entry
and .TOC_ENTRY_NUMBERS NONE would remove numbering
completely.
Level-1 entry
Level-2 entry
Level-3 entry
Level-1 entry
Level-2 entry
Level-3 entry
Note: .TOC_ENTRY_NUMBER TRUNCATE removes the numbering associated with title entries if PREFIX_CHAPTER_NUMBER is enabled.
The following five macros allow you to
In certain kinds of collated documents, different authors are responsible for the articles or stories contained within them. In such documents, you may wish to have the author or authors appended to the table of contents’ title entry for each story or article.
If you invoke .TOC_APPENDS_AUTHOR without an argument, mom appends the first argument you passed to AUTHOR to table of contents title entries, separated by a front-slash.
If you invoke .TOC_APPENDS_AUTHOR with an argument
(surrounded by double-quotes), mom will append it to the table of
contents title entries instead. This is useful if you have multiple
authors you wish to identify by last name only. For example, if
three authors—Joe Blough, Jane Doe, and John Deere—are
responsible for a single article
.TOC_APPENDS_AUTHOR "Blough et al."
would be a good way to identify them in the table of contents.
In
collated
documents, the title of each chapter appears in the table of
contents. It may sometimes happen that you don’t want the
title as it appears in the table of contents to be the same as what
appears in the
docheader.
You might, for example, want to shorten it. Or, in the case of
chapters where the docheader contains both a chapter number and a
chapter title, like this
Chapter 6
Burning Bush — Maybe God Was Right
you might want only the chapter title, not the chapter number, to
show up in the table of contents. (By default, .TOC
generates both.)
If you want to change the wording of a title entry in the table of
contents, simply invoke
.TOC_TITLE_ENTRY
with the desired wording, enclosed in double-quotes. Using the
example, above,
.CHAPTER 6
.CHAPTER_TITLE "Burning Bush — Maybe God Was Right"
.TOC_TITLE_ENTRY "Burning Bush"
.DOCTYPE CHAPTER
would identify chapter 6 in the table of contents simply as
“Burning Bush”.
If you’d like mom to add a small amount of space between table of contents entry levels, use .SPACE_TOC_ITEMS. Mom will visually group entry levels in a way that's pleasing to the eye. The only catch to this macro is that the bottom margins of table of contents pages may not align perfectly.
By default, mom allows room for 3 digits in the page number
references of table of contents entries. If you’d like some
other number of placeholders, say 2 (if your document runs to less
than 100 pages), do
.TOC_PADDING 2
TOC_RV_SWITCH doesn’t take an argument. It simply instructs mom to switch the left and right margins of the first table of contents page in recto/verso documents should the table of contents happen to begin on an even page when you want an odd, or vice versa.
The same result can be accomplished by outputting a BLANKPAGE.
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