VMS Help FORTRAN, Character Sets  *Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX)

  Compaq Fortran supports the following characters:

   o  The Fortran character set, which consists of those ASCII
      characters that can appear in Compaq Fortran language syntax.  The
      Fortran character set is a superset of the FORTRAN-77 standard
      character set; it includes space and tab characters.

   o  Other printable characters, which can appear in comments and
      character and Hollerith constants.

   o  Nonprintable characters.

1 - ASCII

  The following table represents the ASCII character set (characters
  with decimal values 0 through 127).  Except for SP and HT, the
  characters with names are nonprintable.

  To determine the hexadecimal value of an ASCII character, combine
  the values in the column (0-7) and the row (0-F) that relate to the
  character.  For example, the value of the character representing
  the equal sign is 3D(hex).

    +------------------------------------------+
    |     0     1     2    3   4   5   6   7   |
    +---+--------------------------------------+
    | 0 | NUL   DLE   SP   0   @   P   `   p   |
    | 1 | SOH   DC1   !    1   A   Q   a   q   |
    | 2 | STX   DC2   "    2   B   R   b   r   |
    | 3 | ETX   DC3   #    3   C   S   c   s   |
    | 4 | EOT   DC4   $    4   D   T   d   t   |
    | 5 | ENQ   NAK   %    5   E   U   e   u   |
    | 6 | ACK   SYN   &    6   F   V   f   v   |
    | 7 | BEL   ETB   '    7   G   W   g   w   |
    | 8 | BS    CAN   (    8   H   X   h   x   |
    | 9 | HT    EM    )    9   I   Y   i   y   |
    | A | LF    SUB   *    :   J   Z   j   z   |
    | B | VT    ESC   +    ;   K   [   k   {   |
    | C | FF    FS    ,    <   L   \   l   |   |
    | D | CR    GS    -    =   M   ]   m   }   |
    | E | SO    RS    .    >   N   ^   n   ~   |
    | F | SI    US    /    ?   O   _   o   DEL |
    +---+--------------------------------------+

  The characters with names are defined as follows:

    NUL   Null             DC1   Device Control 1(XON)
    SOH   Start of         DC2   Device Control 2
            Heading
    STX   Start of Text    DC3   Device Control 3(XOFF)
    ETX   End of Text      DC4   Device Control 4
    EOT   End of           NAK   Negative Acknowledge
            Transmission
    ENQ   Enquiry          SYN   Synchronous Idle
    ACK   Acknowledge      ETB   End of Transmission
                                   Block
    BEL   Bell             CAN   Cancel
    BS    Backspace        EM    End of Medium
    HT    Horizontal Tab   SUB   Substitute
    LF    Line Feed        ESC   Escape
    VT    Vertical Tab     FS    File Separator
    FF    Form Feed        GS    Group Separator
    CR    Carriage Return  RS    Record Separator
    SO    Shift Out        US    Unit Separator
    SI    Shift In         SP    Space
    DLE   Data Link        DEL   Delete
            Escape

2 - DEC Multinational

  The ASCII character set comprises the first half of the DEC
  Multinational Character Set.  The following table represents the
  second half of the DEC Multinational Character Set (characters with
  decimal values 128 through 255).  These characters cannot be output
  on some older terminals and printers.  Note that the characters
  with names are nonprintable.

  To determine the hexadecimal value of an ASCII character, combine
  the values in the column (8-F) and the row (0-F) that relate to the
  character.  For example, the value of the character representing
  the pound sterling sign is A3(hex).

     +------------------------------------------+
     |     8     9      A   B   C   D   E   F   |
     +---+--------------------------------------+
     | 0 |       DCS        °   À       à       |
     | 1 |       PU1    ¡   ±   Á   Ñ   á   ñ   |
     | 2 |       PU2    ¢   ²   Â   Ò   â   ò   |
     | 3 |       STS    £   ³   Ã   Ó   ã   ó   |
     | 4 | IND   CCH            Ä   Ô   ä   ô   |
     | 5 | NEL   MW     ¥   µ   Å   Õ   å   õ   |
     | 6 | SSA   SPA        ¶   Æ   Ö   æ   ö   |
     | 7 | ESA   EPA    §   ·   Ç   ×   ç   ÷   |
     | 8 | HTS          ¨       È   Ø   è   ø   |
     | 9 | HTJ          ©   ¹   É   Ù   é   ù   |
     | A | VTS          ª   º   Ê   Ú   ê   ú   |
     | B | PLD   CSI    «   »   Ë   Û   ë   û   |
     | C | PLU   ST         ¼   Ì   Ü   ì   ü   |
     | D | RI    OSC        ½   Í   Ý   í   ý   |
     | E | SS2   PM             Î       î       |
     | F | SS3   APC        ¿   Ï   ß   ï       |
     +---+--------------------------------------+

  The characters with names are defined as follows:

    IND   Index            PU1   Private Use 1
    NEL   Next Line        PU2   Private Use 2
    SSA   Start of         STS   Set Transmit State
            Selected Area
    ESA   End of Selected  CCH   Cancel Character
            Area
    HTS   Horizontal Tab   MW    Message Waiting
            Set
    HTJ   Horizontal       SPA   Start of Protected
            Tab Set with           Area
            Justification
    VTS   Vertical Tab     EPA   End of Protected
            Set                    Area
    PLD   Partial Line     CSI   Control Sequence
            Down                   Introducer
    PLU   Partial Line Up  ST    String Terminator
    RI    Reverse Index    OSC   Operating System
                                   Command
    SS2   Single Shift 2   PM    Privacy Message
    SS3   Single Shift 3   APC   Application
    DCS   Device Control
            String

3 - FORTRAN 77 Standard

  The character set specified by the FORTRAN-77 Standard consists of
  the uppercase letters A through Z, the digits 0 through 9, and the
  following special characters:

     SP   (space)                 ,    (comma)
     $    (dollar sign)           -    (minus sign)
     '    (apostrophe)            .    (period)
     (    (left parenthesis)      /    (slash)
     )    (right parenthesis)     :    (colon)
     *    (asterisk)              =    (equal sign)
     +    (plus sign)

4 - FORTRAN

  The Fortran character set includes the entire FORTRAN-77 Standard
  set plus the lowercase letters a through z (uppercase and lowercase
  letters are equivalent) and the following special characters:

     !    (exclamation mark)     <Tab> (tab)
     "    (quotation mark)       <     (left angle bracket)
     %    (percent sign)         >     (right angle bracket)
     &    (ampersand)            _     (underscore)

  All printable characters (those in the range 20(hex) through
  7E(hex), or A1(hex) through FE(hex)) can appear in comments,
  character constants, and Hollerith constants.

5 - Printable Characters

  Printable characters include the tab character (09 hex), those
  ASCII characters with codes in the range 20(hex) through 7E(hex),
  and those characters in the DEC Multinational Extension to the
  ASCII Character Set with codes in the range A1(hex) through
  FE(hex).

  Note that printable characters that are not in the Fortran
  character set (see Character_Set subtopic FORTRAN) can only appear
  in comments and character and Hollerith constants.

6 - Nonprintable Characters

  If nonprintable characters appear anywhere in a Fortran source line
  or comment, the compiler issues a warning diagnostic and the
  nonprintable character is replaced with a blank in both the
  compiled source and the listing, except for the following special
  cases:

   o  The form-feed character (0C hex) is treated as a blank without
      causing a diagnostic message to be issued.  In addition, a
      source record of length 1 containing a form-feed character
      causes the compilation source listing to begin a new page.

   o  A source record of length 1 containing a Ctrl-Z character (1A
      hex) is treated as a blank line.  Such a record is created by
      the ENDFILE statement.

  If you must use a nonprintable character in a character constant,
  use the CHAR intrinsic function (with the concatenation operator,
  if necessary).  For example:

     CHARACTER*(*) ESC_BRACKET
     PARAMETER (ESC_BRACKET = CHAR(27)//'[')