VMS Help EXCHANGE, COPY, Qualifiers  *Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX)

1 - /ALLOCATION

       /ALLOCATION=n

    Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the number
    of 512-byte blocks that you specified as n. The /ALLOCATION
    qualifier is valid only for Files-11 and RT-11 output files.

    By default, COPY determines the initial allocation of the output
    file by the size of the input file. Typically, /ALLOCATION is
    needed only when you are creating a contiguous file on Files-11
    (using /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS or /CONTIGUOUS), when the input file
    is on magnetic tape, or when you want additional space at the end
    of the file.

    If you specify /ALLOCATION, the file's allocated size does not
    change, unless you also specify /TRUNCATE. When you are unsure of
    the output size, you might want to specify both /ALLOCATION and
    /TRUNCATE.

2 - /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS

       /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS
       /NOBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS

    Indicates whether the Files-11 output file is to be allocated
    contiguously on a "best effort" basis; that is, whether EXCHANGE
    will attempt to place the file on consecutive physical disk
    blocks. If insufficient contiguous space is available, the file
    occupies the largest available contiguous space plus additional
    extents as necessary for the rest of the allocation. You can
    apply this qualifier only to a Files-11 output file.

    The /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy
    files to magnetic tape volumes. When you would like a file from a
    magnetic tape to be copied contiguously, use both the /ALLOCATION
    and the /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS qualifiers, because the size of
    the file on magnetic tape cannot be determined until after it
    is copied to the disk. If you do not know the exact size of the
    file, overestimate the size and specify /TRUNCATE (along with
    /ALLOCATION and /BEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS) to avoid wasted space.

    The default is /NOBEST_TRY_CONTIGUOUS.

3 - /BOOT

       /BOOT[=nn]

    Copies bootstrap information from a monitor and the handler files
    to blocks 0 and 2 through 5 of an RT-11 volume, permitting you to
    use that volume as a system volume. The COPY/BOOT operation does
    not create any files on the volume; it is intended only to create
    bootable RT-11 systems.

    The /BOOT qualifier implies /VOLUME_FORMAT=RT11 for both input
    and output specifications. The output device can be omitted, as
    it is assumed to be identical to the input device. You cannot
    combine the /BOOT qualifier with qualifiers other than /LOG.
    The COPY/BOOT command requires that both the input and output
    devices be the same volume or virtual device. The file name of
    the desired monitor must be specified as the input specification.

    RT-11 Version 1.0 through Version 3.0 monitors had the system
    device handler linked into the monitor image. For Version 4.0
    of RT-11, the system device handler uses the standard device
    handler, and the COPY/BOOT command must dynamically link the
    handler into the bootstrap area. COPY/BOOT finds the default
    handler for the specific device type and merges the handler with
    the monitor as it is copied to the boot area.

    You can use the two-letter argument nn to override the default
    system device handler. The most frequent use of this option
    occurs when a diskette is mounted in an RX02 drive, and you want
    to create a diskette bootable from an RX01 drive. (The diskette
    must be single density.) The default handler for the RX02 is
    DY.SYS, and the handler for the RX01 is DX.SYS; therefore, you
    would use the command COPY/BOOT=DX to create the bootable RX01
    system diskette. Do not specify /BOOT=nn for Version 3.0 RT-11
    and earlier systems; instead, choose the monitor file DYMNxx.SYS
    or DXMNxx.SYS as the source file.

4 - /CARRIAGE_CONTROL

       /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=option

    Defines the carriage control attributes of a file, as well as
    other attributes of the records. The carriage control options
    are: CARRIAGE_RETURN, which implies carriage return/line-feed
    control; FORTRAN, which indicates that the first character
    of each record is to be interpreted as the carriage control
    specifier; and NONE, which indicates that carriage control is
    not implied.

    The default is /CARRIAGE_CONTROL=CARRIAGE_RETURN.

5 - /CONTIGUOUS

       /CONTIGUOUS
       /NOCONTIGUOUS

    Indicates whether the copied file is to be contiguous; that is,
    stored on consecutive physical blocks on an output disk volume.
    The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier is valid only for Files-11 output
    files.

    The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy files to
    magnetic tape volumes. When you would like a file from a magnetic
    tape to be copied contiguously, use both the /ALLOCATION and
    /CONTIGUOUS qualifiers because the size of the file on magnetic
    tape cannot be determined until after it is copied to the disk.
    If you do not know the exact size of the file, overestimate the
    size and specify the /TRUNCATE qualifier (along with /ALLOCATION
    and /CONTIGUOUS) to avoid wasted space.

    The default is /NOCONTIGUOUS.

6 - /DELETE

       /DELETE
       /NODELETE

    Controls whether COPY deletes existing files of the same name
    during the copy operation. This qualifier is valid for RT-
    11 output only; it is equivalent to the RT-11 COPY command
    qualifier /REPLACE. In fact, you can use the EXCHANGE COPY
    command qualifier /REPLACE to control file deletion, although
    its function differs from that of /DELETE (see the description of
    the /REPLACE qualifier for details on its function).

    If you want a message displayed when you delete a file, include
    the /LOG qualifier in your command. To prevent automatic file
    deletion, use /NODELETE.

    The default is /DELETE. Files with the same name as the output
    file name are deleted after the new file has been copied.

7 - /EXTENSION

       /EXTENSION=n

    Specifies the number of blocks to be added to the output file
    each time the file is extended. This qualifier is valid for
    Files-11 output files only.

    EXCHANGE determines the default extension according to the
    following hierarchy:

    1. An explicit value specified on the /EXTENSION qualifier

    2. The current process default extension value set by the command
       SET RMS_DEFAULT

    3. The current system default extension value set at system
       generation or with the SET RMS_DEFAULT/SYSTEM command

    Use the /EXTENSION qualifier to set an extension quantity with
    magnetic tape input; EXCHANGE preallocates a file of the correct
    size when the input is on a directory-structured-device.

8 - /LOG

       /LOG
       /NOLOG

    Controls whether the EXCHANGE command COPY displays the file
    specifications of each file copied. If you specify /LOG, the
    system displays the following data for each copy operation:
    the file specifications of the input and output files, and the
    number of blocks or the number of records copied (depending on
    whether the file is copied on a block-by-block or record-by-
    record basis). The default is /NOLOG.

9 - /PROTECT

       /PROTECT
       /NOPROTECT

    Determines whether protection is set for an RT-11 output file.
    The owner UIC of the output file is the UIC of the current
    process. This qualifier is not valid for Files-11 or DOS-11
    output files. Protection attributes for Files-11 output are taken
    from the current process default protection.

    EXCHANGE does not attempt to transfer protection attributes from
    the input file to the output file, because protection mechanisms
    of various operating systems do not readily translate to one
    another.

    The default is /NOPROTECT.

10 - /RECORD_FORMAT

       /RECORD_FORMAT=(option[, . . . ])

    Defines the internal record structure of a file, as well as other
    attributes of the records.

11 - /REPLACE

       /REPLACE
       /NOREPLACE

    Requests that if an RT-11 output file already exists with the
    same file specification as that entered for the output file, the
    existing file is to be deleted before the copy proceeds. COPY
    allocates new space for the output file. The /REPLACE qualifier
    is valid for RT-11 output only; it is equivalent to the RT-11
    COPY command qualifier /PREDELETE.

    By default, COPY creates the new file first and then, after the
    copy operation is done, deletes the previous file. However, when
    you use /REPLACE, COPY deletes the previous file before it copies
    the new file. This can be a problem if the input file has been
    corrupted because the previous version of the file will have been
    deleted. Therefore, you should use /REPLACE only when there is
    insufficient room for two copies of the file.

12 - /REWIND

       /REWIND
       /NOREWIND

    Determines whether a DOS-11 input magnetic tape reel logically
    rewinds to the beginning-of-tape mark (BOT) before EXCHANGE
    searches for the file name specified in the input specifier. This
    qualifier is valid for DOS-11 magnetic tape only. The default is
    /NOREWIND.

    Use the /REWIND qualifier when you want COPY to search for a file
    from the logical beginning of the magnetic tape, instead of from
    the current physical position of the tape.

13 - /START_BLOCK

       /START_BLOCK=[n]

    For RT-11 volumes, specifies the logical block number where the
    file is to be placed. This qualifier is especially useful with
    TU58 tape cassettes, because performance can be significantly
    enhanced by careful placement of files.

14 - /SYSTEM

       /SYSTEM
       /NOSYSTEM

    Controls whether the COPY command copies files that have the file
    type SYS. Files with a file type of SYS are usually necessary for
    the operation of an RT-11 system. Only RT-11 volumes handle SYS
    files in this manner.

    The default is /NOSYSTEM; the COPY command does not copy an
    RT-11 file with the type SYS, whether matched by a wildcard
    specification or explicitly named. EXCHANGE displays a message
    whenever it skips over a SYS file during a copy operation.

15 - /TRANSFER_MODE

       /TRANSFER_MODE=option

    Specifies the I/O method to be used in a transfer. This qualifier
    is useful for all volume formats.

    Option   Function

    AUTO     Select BLOCK transfer for efficiency if possible
    BLOCK    Transfer block by block without looking at records
    RECORD   Transfer record by record

    The default is the AUTOMATIC transfer mode. In AUTOMATIC mode,
    EXCHANGE attempts to use a BLOCK transfer whenever possible.
    BLOCK transfers are possible between RT-11 volumes or between
    RT-11 and DOS-11 volumes, since the internal file structures are
    identical. AUTOMATIC does not use the BLOCK transfer if either
    file specification contains a /RECORD_FORMAT qualifier.

    A BLOCK transfer moves data between devices. Since no
    interpretation is done on the data, BLOCK transfers are more
    efficient than RECORD transfers. The block sizes on both devices
    must be identical. Both input and output must be in BLOCK format.
    Specifying BLOCK on one parameter implies BLOCK for the other
    file or device specification.

    A BLOCK transfer produces an exact copy of the file. If the
    output device is Files-11, the file will be a sequential
    file with fixed-length 512-byte records. This feature is used
    primarily to avoid any interpretation of the data during the
    transfer. If the Files-11 file is a sequential file with 512-byte
    fixed-length records, there is no difference between a /TRANSFER_
    MODE=BLOCK transfer and a /RECORD=FIXED=512 transfer.

    A RECORD transfer moves the data record by record. A RECORD
    transfer requires more time than a BLOCK transfer, but it must
    be used if the input and output record structures differ.

    When the /LOG qualifier is used in a COPY command, EXCHANGE
    displays the size of the file that was transferred. If BLOCK
    mode was used, the message gives the file size as the number of
    blocks transferred. If RECORD mode was used, the message displays
    the number of records.

16 - /TRUNCATE

       /TRUNCATE
       /NOTRUNCATE

    Controls whether COPY truncates an output file at the end-of-
    file when copying it. The default is /NOTRUNCATE; COPY uses the
    allocation of the input file to determine the size of the output
    file.

17 - /VOLUME_FORMAT

       /VOLUME_FORMAT=option

    Defines the physical format of the volume to be processed. The
    default format qualifier is dependent on the device type.

    If used, volume format qualifiers must be attached to one or
    both of the file specification parameters; you cannot attach them
    directly to the command. A volume format qualifier determines the
    format of the file name and directory specifications, and often
    implies certain defaults.