DSR, DSR Flags
*Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX)
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VMS Help DSR, DSR Flags *Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX) |
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DSR flags are special characters that you enter to specify
emphasis of text, case of characters, spacing of text, and other
formatting details.
| 1 - Accept |
The Accept flag (_) causes any character that directly follows it
to be accepted as text.
If the character is a punctuation mark after which DSR normally
inserts an extra space (for example, a period), you can precede
it with the Accept flag to cancel the extra space.
If you want to insert a flag character into your text, the
easiest way is to precede it with the Accept flag. For example,
to insert an ampersand (&), which is also the Underline flag,
type _&.
For underlining purposes, you can use the Accept flag to cause
the acceptance of an expandable space (one you produce by
pressing the SPACE bar) because DSR normally does not underline
spaces between words.
1.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 2 - Bold |
The single character occurrence of the Bold flag (*) causes
the next character to be printed in boldface; that is, to be
overstruck once. You can cause characters to be overstruck more
than once by using the /BOLD=number qualifier when processing
the file with the RUNOFF command. Pairing the bold flag with the
uppercase flag (^*) turns on the bolding until the lowercase/bold
pair (\*) is encountered.
2.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS BOLD command.
| 3 - Break |
The Break flag (|) tells DSR where it may break a word that
occurs at the end of a line. You might want DSR to be able to
break a word after a slash (/) or a hyphen (-) that is part
of the word (for example, "a yes/no response"). The Break flag
allows a line to end where the flag occurs; no hyphen is ever
inserted because of it.
If the flag is turned on and inserted at break points, DSR is
able to break the word at any of the specified points. If more
than one Break flag is present in a word that DSR is breaking at
the end of a line, DSR leaves as much of the word as possible on
the line; that is, it breaks the word at the last possible Break
flag.
The Break flag works the same whether .JUSTIFY or .NO JUSTIFY is
in effect.
3.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS BREAK command.
| 4 - Capitalize |
The Capitalize flag (<) causes all the letters in the word
directly following it to be capitalized, except for letters that
may be preceded by an Accept (_) or Lowercase (\) flag.
Capitalization continues until one of the following is
encountered:
An expandable space
A Break flag (|)
A Hyphenate flag (=)
Another Capitalize flag
A pair of Uppercase flags (^^)
A pair of Lowercase flags (\\)
The end of the line
You can pair the Capitalize flag with the Uppercase flag (^<) to
capitalize all following text up to the next case flag.
4.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS CAPITALIZE command.
| 5 - Comment |
The Comment flag (!) is used to insert comments in .RNO files.
You type the comment text immediately after the Comment flag.
Comments do not appear in the output file.
5.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 6 - Control |
The Control flag (.) is placed at the left margin to begin a
string of DSR commands. When you want a period to be accepted as
a text character, you do not need to precede it with an Accept
flag (_) as long as the period is not placed at the left margin.
If you do need to have a period in the 0 character position
(and it is not part of a DSR command), you must precede it with
an Accept flag. Alternatively, you can use two periods at the
beginning of a line; the effect is the same as if you had used an
Accept flag.
6.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 7 - Hyphenate |
When the Hyphenate flag (=) is turned on and inserted between
syllables of a word, DSR knows where the word can be broken at
the end of a line. DSR inserts a hyphen where the break occurs.
If DSR does not find it necessary to break the word, however,
the hyphen does not appear. By default, the Hyphenate flag is
disabled.
The action of this flag (as opposed to the recognition of the
flag) can be disabled or reenabled by the .DISABLE HYPHENATION
and .ENABLE HYPHENATION commands.
7.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS HYPHENATE command.
| 8 - Index |
With the Index flag (>), you can mark words in the text of your
document as index entries. Using the .INDEX command instead of
the Index flag is a more common way of marking index entries.
8.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS INDEX command.
| 9 - Lowercase |
The Lowercase flag (\) causes the letter that directly follows it
to appear in lowercase. The flag has no effect if the character
following it is not a letter.
The Lowercase flag can be paired as follows:
o With the Underline flag (\&) to stop underlining text.
o With the Bold flag (\*) to stop bolding characters.
o With itself (\\) to cause the characters following it to be
printed in lowercase by default. If you have a file that is
in all uppercase, you can put a paired lowercase flag (\\)
at the beginning of the file and then, as needed, override
the temporary lowercase default by using a circumflex (^) to
capitalize the letter following it.
9.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 10 - Overstrike |
When the Overstrike flag (%) is turned on and inserted between
two characters, it causes the first of the two characters to be
overstruck by the following one. By default, the Overstrike flag
is disabled.
This capability allows the printing of characters not normally
available, for example, a European 7, which is a 7 overstruck
with a hyphen.
Three or more characters can be overstruck, but only if you
specify the /BACKSPACE qualifier in the DSR command line.
Otherwise, only the first and last characters in an overstrike
sequence will appear.
The action performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's
recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE
OVERSTRIKING and .ENABLE OVERSTRIKING commands.
10.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS OVERSTRIKE command.
| 11 - Period |
DSR routinely inserts an extra expandable space after a period
(.), colon (:), question mark (?), or exclamation point (!) that
is followed by the usual end-of-word space.
The Period flag (+) lets you specify the extra space following
other characters.
If the flag is turned on and .FILL is in effect, an extra
space occurs when the flag (+) is inserted directly after the
character. You must, however, insert the end-of-word space after
the flag if it is to be effective.
For example, if you have a complete sentence enclosed in
quotation marks or parentheses, you may want an extra space after
the closing quotation mark or parenthesis.
11.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS PERIOD command.
| 12 - Space |
The Space flag (#) produces one unexpandable space (not affected
by justification) in the output file for every flag character
inserted in the input file. If you insert the flag between two
words, DSR treats them as one word (although they will appear
as separate words in the output file). Therefore, you should not
type any spaces before or after typing the Space flag.
The flag can directly follow an Underline flag (&#) to cause the
underlining of an unexpandable space.
12.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 13 - Subindex |
The Subindex flag (>) works as a subindex entry flag only if you
have issued an .INDEX or .ENTRY command. Subindex entries marked
with this flag are collected and alphabetized below the primary
entry to which they refer. The Subindex flag indicates that the
next word or phrase will be placed on the following line of the
index, indented two characters to the right of the preceding
entry.
13.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on only within .INDEX and .ENTRY commands.
| 14 - Substitute |
The Subsitute flag ($$) is the only flag that must be used in
pairs. When the flag is turned on, it causes either a date or
a time to be output. The output is determined by the word you
associate with the flag pair; for example, $$Date. See the output
in the following example.
When the Substitute flag is turned on, any dollar sign character
($), even if it is not paired, must be preceded by an Accept flag
if it is to be taken as normal text by DSR.
14.1 - Default
Recognition is turned off. To turn on recognition, you must use
the .FLAGS SUBSTITUTE command.
14.2 - Examples
The following table shows the use of the substitute flag. The
output file will contain the date and time that DSR processing of
the file began.
Input Output
.FLAGS SUBSTITUTE
$$Date 10 November 1993
$$Time 10:55:00
$$Year 1993
$$Month November
$$Day 10
$$Hours 10
$$Minutes 55
$$Seconds 00
$$Month#$$Day,#$$Year November 10, 1993
| 15 - Underline |
The Underline flag (&) causes the next character to be
underlined.
The operation performed by this flag (as opposed to the flag's
recognition) can be disabled and reenabled by the .DISABLE
UNDERLINING and .ENABLE UNDERLINING commands.
The Underline flag can be paired as follows:
o With the Uppercase flag (^&) to turn underlining on and with
the Lowercase flag (\&) to turn underlining off.
o With the Space flag (&#) to cause the underlining of
unexpandable spaces.
15.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
| 16 - Uppercase |
The Uppercase flag (^) serves the same purpose as a typewriter
Shift key when you use it just before typing a letter. The flag
capitalizes any single letter that directly follows it. It has no
effect if the character following it is not a letter.
The Uppercase flag can be paired as follows:
o With a Capitalize flag (^<) to turn on the capitalization
of the text that follows (the same as using Shift-Lock on a
typewriter).
o With an Underline flag (^&) to turn on underlining of the text
that follows.
o With a Bold flag (^*) to turn on bolding for the text that
follows.
o With itself (^^) if you want to ensure that the case of
letters in your input file is maintained in your output
file. You can use this flag pair with those commands that
control uppercasing and lowercasing (such as .HEADER LEVEL
or .CHAPTER). When you specify a title, precede it with two
circumflexes (^^).
16.1 - Default
Recognition is turned on.
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