COPY
*Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX)
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VMS Help COPY *Conan The Librarian (sorry for the slow response - running on an old VAX) |
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Creates a new file from one or more existing files. The COPY
command can do the following:
o Copy an input file to an output file.
o Concatenate two or more input files into a single output file.
o Copy a group of input files to a group of output files.
Format
COPY input-filespec[,...] output-filespec
| 1 - Parameters |
input-filespec[,...]
Specifies the name of an existing file to be copied. The asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed.
If you do not specify the device or directory, the COPY command
uses your current default device and directory. If you specify
more than one file, separate the file specifications with either
commas (,) or plus signs (+).
output-filespec
Specifies the name of the output file into which the input is
copied.
You must specify at least one field in the output file
specification. If you do not specify the device or directory, the
COPY command uses your current default device and directory. The
COPY command replaces any other missing fields (file name, file
type, version number) with the corresponding field of the input
file specification. If you specify more than one input file, the
COPY command generally uses the fields from the first input file
to determine any missing fields in the output file.
You can use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in place of
any two of the following: the file name, the file type, or the
version number. The COPY command uses the corresponding field in
the related input file to name the output file.
| 2 - Qualifiers |
2.1 - /ALLOCATION
/ALLOCATION=number-of-blocks
Forces the initial allocation of the output file to the
specified number of 512-byte blocks. If you do not specify the
/ALLOCATION qualifier, or if you specify it without the number-
of-blocks parameter, the initial allocation of the output file is
determined by the size of the input file being copied.
2.2 - /BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
/SINCE qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according
to the dates of their most recent backups. This qualifier
is incompatible with the /CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
2.3 - /BEFORE
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You
can specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute
and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT,
LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of
the following qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate
the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection:
/BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic
Date_Time).
2.4 - /BY_OWNER
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code
(UIC) matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of
the current process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
2.5 - /CONCATENATE
/CONCATENATE (default)
/NOCONCATENATE
Creates one output file from multiple input files when you do not
use the asterisk (*) or percent sign (%) wildcard characters
in the output file specification. The /NOCONCATENATE qualifier
generates multiple output files. A wildcard character in an input
file specification results in a single output file consisting
of the concatenation of all input files matching the file
specification.
Files from Files-11 On-Disk Structure Level 2 and 5 disks
are concatenated in alphanumeric order. If you specify an
asterisk (*) or percent sign (%) wildcard character in the file
version field, files are copied in descending order by version
number. Files from Files-11 On-Disk Structure Level 1 disks are
concatenated in random order.
2.6 - /CONFIRM
/CONFIRM
/NOCONFIRM (default)
Controls whether a request is issued before each copy operation
to confirm that the operation should be performed on that file.
The following responses are valid:
YES NO QUIT
TRUE FALSE Ctrl/Z
1 0 ALL
<Return>
You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters
for word responses. You can abbreviate word responses to one or
more letters (for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these
abbreviations must be unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE,
and 1. Negative answers include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing
Return. Entering QUIT or pressing Ctrl/Z indicates that you want
to stop processing the command at that point. When you respond by
entering ALL, the command continues to process but no further
prompts are given. If you type a response other than one of
those in the list, DCL issues an error message and redisplays
the prompt.
2.7 - /CONTIGUOUS
/CONTIGUOUS
/NOCONTIGUOUS
Specifies that the output file must occupy contiguous physical
disk blocks. By default, the COPY command creates an output file
in the same format as the corresponding input file. Also, by
default, if not enough space exists for a contiguous allocation,
the COPY command does not report an error. If you copy multiple
input files of different formats, the output file may or may not
be contiguous. You can use the /CONTIGUOUS qualifier to ensure
that files are copied contiguously.
The /CONTIGUOUS qualifier has no effect when you copy files to
or from tapes because the size of the file on tape cannot be
determined until after it is copied to the disk. If you copy a
file from a tape and want the file to be contiguous, use the COPY
command twice: once to copy the file from the tape, and a second
time to create a contiguous file.
2.8 - /CREATED
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their
dates of creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the
/BACKUP, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify
none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED
qualifier.
2.9 - /EXCLUDE
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the copy operation. You can
include a directory but not a device in the file specification.
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
are allowed in the file specification; however, you cannot use
relative version numbers to exclude a specific version. If you
specify only one file, you can omit the parentheses.
2.10 - /EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to
their expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the
SET FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier
is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
2.11 - /EXTENSION
/EXTENSION=n
Specifies the number of blocks to be added to the output
file each time the file is extended. If you do not specify
the /EXTENSION qualifier, the extension attribute of the
corresponding input file determines the default extension
attribute of the output file.
2.12 - /LOG
/LOG
/NOLOG (default)
Controls whether the COPY command displays the file
specifications of each file copied.
When you use the /LOG qualifier, the COPY command displays the
following for each copy operation:
o The file specifications of the input and output files
o The number of blocks or the number of records copied
(depending on whether the file is copied on a block-by-block
or record-by-record basis)
o The total number of new files created
2.13 - /MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to
the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier
is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
2.14 - /OVERLAY
/OVERLAY
/NOOVERLAY (default)
Requests that data in the input file be copied into the existing
specified file, overlaying the existing data, rather than
allocating new space for the file. The physical location of
the file on disk does not change; however, for RMS indexed and
relative files, if the output file has fewer blocks allocated
than the input file, the copy fails giving an RMS-E-EOF error.
The /OVERLAY qualifier is ignored if the output file is written
to a non-file-structured device.
2.15 - /PROTECTION
/PROTECTION=(ownership[:access][,...])
Specifies protection for the output file.
o Specify the ownership parameter as system (S), owner (O),
group (G), or world (W).
o Specify the access parameter as read (R), write (W), execute
(E), or delete (D).
The default protection, including any protection attributes not
specified, is that of the existing output file. If no output file
exists, the current default protection applies.
For more information on specifying protection codes, refer to the
OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
2.16 - /READ_CHECK
/READ_CHECK
/NOREAD_CHECK (default)
Reads each record in the input files twice to verify that it has
been read correctly.
2.17 - /REPLACE
/REPLACE
/NOREPLACE (default)
Requests that, if a file exists with the same file specification
as that entered for the output file, the existing file is to
be deleted. The COPY command allocates new space for the output
file. In general, when you use the /REPLACE qualifier, include
version numbers with the file specifications. By default, the
COPY command creates a new version of a file if a file with
that specification exists, incrementing the version number. The
/NOREPLACE qualifier signals an error when a conflict in version
numbers occurs.
2.18 - /SINCE
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated on or after the specified time.
You can specify time as absolute time, as combination of absolute
and delta times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT,
LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of
the following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate
the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection:
/BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information about specifying time values, refer
to the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips
(subtopic Date_Time).
2.19 - /STYLE
/STYLE=keyword
Specifies the file name format for display purposes.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
Keyword Explanation
CONDENSED Displays the file name representation of what is
(default) generated to fit into a 255-length character string.
This file name may contain a DID or FID abbreviation
in the file specification.
EXPANDED Displays the file name representation of what is
stored on disk. This file name does not contain any
DID or FID abbreviations.
The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This
qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the
output message, along with the confirmation if requested.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification
unless the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for
more information.
2.20 - /TRUNCATE
/TRUNCATE (default)
/NOTRUNCATE
Controls whether the COPY command truncates an output file at
the end-of-file (EOF) when copying it. This operation can only be
used with sequential files.
By default, the actual size of the input file determines the size
of the output file. If you select /NOTRUNCATE, the allocation of
the input file determines the size of the output file.
2.21 - /VOLUME
/VOLUME=n
Places the output file on the specified relative volume number of
a multivolume set. By default, the COPY command places the output
file arbitrarily in a multivolume set.
2.22 - /WRITE_CHECK
/WRITE_CHECK
/NOWRITE_CHECK (default)
Reads each record in the output file after it is written to
verify that the record copied successfully and that the file
can be read subsequently without error.
NOTE
Some hardware devices, such as TK50 tape drives, verify data
integrity as part of their hardware function. For devices
such as these, you do not need to use /WRITE_CHECK. For
information about which devices provide automatic write
checking, consult your hardware documentation.
| 3 - Examples |
1.$ COPY TEST.DAT NEWTEST.DAT
In this example, the COPY command copies the contents of the
file TEST.DAT from the default disk and directory to a file
named NEWTEST.DAT on the same disk and directory. If a file
named NEWTEST.DAT exists, the COPY command creates a new
version of the file.
2.$ COPY ALPHA.TXT TMP
$ COPY ALPHA.TXT .TMP
In this example, the first COPY command copies the file
ALPHA.TXT into a file named TMP.TXT. The COPY command uses the
file type of the input file to complete the file specification
for the output file. The second COPY command creates a file
named ALPHA.TMP. The COPY command uses the file name of the
input file to name the output file.
3.$ COPY *.* PRTLND::*.*
In this example, the COPY command copies all files within the
user directory at the local node to the remote node PRTLND. The
new files have the same names as the input file. You must have
write (W) access to the default directory on remote node PRTLND
for the command to work.
4.$ COPY BOSTON::DISK2:TEST.DAT;5
_To: DALLAS"SAM SECReturn"::DISK0:[MODEL.TEST]TEST.DAT/ALLOCATION=50
In this example, the COPY command copies the file TEST.DAT;5
on the device DISK2 at node BOSTON to a new file named TEST.DAT
at remote node DALLAS. The /ALLOCATION qualifier initially
allocates 50 blocks for the new file TEST.DAT at node DALLAS.
The access control string SAM SECReturn is used to access the
remote directory.
5.$ COPY [SMITH]MONKEY.DIR [PAINTER]
$ COPY [SMITH.MONKEY]*.* [PAINTER.MONKEY]*.*
In this example, the COPY command creates the new empty
directory [PAINTER.MONKEY] that is registered in the
[PAINTER]MONKEY.DIR directory file. After the COPY command
creates the new [PAINTER]MONKEY.DIR directory file, you can
copy or create files in the [PAINTER.MONKEY] directory.
The second COPY command in this example copies files from the
[SMITH.MONKEY] directory to the [PAINTER.MONKEY] directory.
6.$ COPY [SMITH]CATS.DIR [SMITH]DOGS.DIR
In this example, the COPY command creates the new empty
directory file, called [SMITH]DOGS.DIR. Use this copy command
to create a directory file that has the same attributes as the
[SMITH]CATS.DIR file. This command example has the same effect
as entering the command:
$ CREATE/DIRECTORY [SMITH.DOGS]
7.$ COPY [SMITH]TIGER.DIR [SMITH.ANIMALS]
$ COPY [SMITH.TIGER]*.* [SMITH.ANIMALS.TIGER]*.*
$ DELETE [SMITH.TIGER]*.*;*
$ SET PROTECTION=W=D TIGER.DIR
$ DELETE TIGER.DIR;
In this example, the COPY command creates the new empty
directory file called [SMITH.ANIMALS]TIGER.DIR. The subsequent
commands in this example then copy the files from the
[SMITH.TIGER] directory to the [SMITH.ANIMALS.TIGER] directory,
then delete the original TIGER.DIR directory file. Because the
TIGER.DIR is a directory file, you must specify a protection
code of delete (D) before you can delete the directory file.
4 - /FTP
Transfers files between hosts with possibly dissimilar file
systems over a TCP/IP connection by invoking the FTP utility.
Format
COPY/FTP fromFile toFile
4.1 - Parameters
fromFile
Specifies the name of an existing file (the source file) to be
copied.
toFile
Specifies the name of the output file (the destination file) into
which the input file is copied.
4.2 - Qualifiers
4. 2.1 - /ANONYMOUS
Causes an anonymous access to the remote node or nodes.
/ANONYMOUS is the default remote access. The password
passed to the remote node should be in the form of
"user@fullyqualifiednodename".
4. 2.2 - /ASCII
Used to identify an ASCII file (text file). /ASCII is the
default.
4. 2.3 - /BINARY
Required to identify binary files.
4. 2.4 - /FDL
This qualifier is optional. Causes interaction with an FDL (file
definition language) file. If the file is being copied to the
local OpenVMS system, a remote FDL file is sought and interpreted
for the operation. If the file is being copied outside the local
OpenVMS system, an FDL file is generated and copied in addition
to the requested file. If the /FDL qualifier is specified and the
vendor application does not support it, a warning message may be
issued.
4. 2.5 - /LOG
Displays a message at SYS$OUTPUT when a file is transferred.
4. 2.6 - /NOSTRUVMS
Used to explicitly disable the negotiation of STRU OpenVMS
transfers. Otherwise, some servers will immediately abort when
negotiating the feature.
4. 2.7 - /VERBOSE
/VERBOSE
/NOVERBOSE
Specifies whether all messages (including banner messages) are to
be displayed on the terminal. By default, disables the display of
the messages.
4.3 - Examples
1.$ COPY/FTP/FDL/ANON rms_indexed_file.idx remotehst5::"/public/rms.idx.file"
This example transfers the OpenVMS RMS file rms_indexed_
file.idx to the remote file public/rms.idx.file on remotehst5
over a TCP/IP connection. Access to the remote host is
anonymous and an FDL file is generated and copied along with
rms_indexed_file.idx.
2.$ COPY/FTP/VERBOSE sys$login:login.com -
xdelta.zko.dec.com"username password"::sys$login:login.tmp
This example transfers the OpenVMS RMS file sys$login:login.com
to the remote file sys$login:login.tmp over a TCP/IP connection
while specifying the user name and password on the remote
system.
3.$ COPY/FTP/LOG RESULTS.LOG -
_To: grad.uq.edu.au"JONES BYRONBAY"::DKA200$:[JONES.DATA]
In this example, the COPY/FTP command copies the file
RESULTS.LOG to the file DKA200$:[JONES.DATA]RESULTS.LOG using
the user account JONES, with password BYRONBAY on node grad,
that is located in the uq.edu.au internet domain.
5 - /RCP
Copies files from host to host over a TCP/IP connection by
invoking the RCP utility.
Format
COPY/RCP fromFile toFile
5.1 - Parameters
fromFile
Specifies the name of an existing file (the source file) to be
copied.
toFile
Specifies the name of the output file (the destination file) into
which the input file is copied.
5.2 - Qualifiers
5. 2.1 - /AUTHENTICATE
Specifies that Kerberos authentication should be used for
acquiring access to the remote node.
5. 2.2 - /LOG
Displays a message in SYS$OUTPUT when a file is transferred.
5. 2.3 - /PRESERVE
Preserves the file protection codes.
5. 2.4 - /RECURSIVE
Requests a subdirectory copy operation.
5. 2.5 - /TRUNCATE
/TRUNCATE=USERNAME
Truncates the user name to 8 characters.
5. 2.6 - /USERNAME
/USERNAME=username
Optional qualifier that specifies the remote user name. The
standard operation is to log in to a remote system using the same
user name as at the local terminal. The command supports quoted
parameters in the /USERNAME value.
5.3 - Example
$ COPY/RCP local_file.c remotehst4"Smith smpw"::rem_file.c
This example copies local_file.c to rem_file.c on the remote
host remotehst4 over a TCP/IP connection.
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