1 DIRECTORY
Provides a list of files or information about a file or group of
files.
Requires execute (E) access to look up files you know the names
of, read (R) access to read or list a file or to use a file
name with the asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
characters to look up files.
Format
DIRECTORY [filespec[,...]]
DIRECTORY/FTP directorySpec
2 Parameter
filespec[,...]
Specifies one or more files to be listed. The syntax of a file
specification determines which files will be listed, as follows:
o If you do not enter a file specification, the DIRECTORY
command lists all versions of the files in the current default
directory.
o If you specify only a device name, the DIRECTORY command uses
your default directory specification.
o Whenever the file specification does not include a file name,
a file type, and a version number, all versions of all files
in the specified directory are listed.
o If a file specification contains a file name or a file type,
or both, and no version number, the DIRECTORY command lists
all versions.
o If a file specification contains only a file name, the
DIRECTORY command lists all files in the current default
directory with that file name, regardless of file type and
version number.
o If a file specification contains only a file type, the
DIRECTORY command lists all files in the current default
directory with that file type, regardless of file name and
version number.
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
can be used in the directory specification, file name, file type,
or version number fields of a file specification to list all
files that satisfy the components you specify. If you specify
more than one file, separate the file specifications with either
commas (,) or plus signs (+).
directorySpec
Specifies the standard DECnet remote file specification. Use
a quoted file string to preserve the case (for case sensitive
systems such as UNIX) and to identify a foreign device/directory
specification. See the /FTP qualifier for more information.
2 Qualifiers
/ACL
Controls whether the access control list (ACL) is displayed for
each file. By default, the DIRECTORY command does not display
the ACL for each file. Access control entries (ACEs) that were
created with the hidden option are displayed only if the SECURITY
privilege is turned on. The /ACL qualifier overrides the /COLUMNS
qualifier.
For further information, refer to the OpenVMS Guide to System
Security.
/BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the
/SINCE qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according
to the dates of their most recent backups. This qualifier
is incompatible with the /CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/BEFORE
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time.
You can specify time as an absolute time, as a combination of
absolute and delta times, or as one of the following keywords:
BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify
one of the following qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier
to indicate the time attribute to be used as the basis for
selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic
Date_Time).
/BRIEF
/BRIEF (default)
Displays only a file's name, type, and version number. The brief
format lists the files in alphabetical order from left to right
on each line, in descending version number order. You can use the
/ACL, /DATE, /FILE_ID, /FULL, /NOHEADING, /OWNER, /PROTECTION,
/SECURITY, and /SIZE qualifiers to expand a brief display.
/BY_OWNER
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code
(UIC) matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of
the current process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
OpenVMS User's Manual.
For further information, refer to the OpenVMS Guide to System
Security.
/CACHING_ATTRIBUTE
Displays the caching attributes of the selected files.
/COLUMNS
/COLUMNS=n
Specifies the number of columns in a brief display. The default
is four; however, you can request as many columns as you like,
restricted by the value of the /WIDTH qualifier. The /COLUMNS
qualifier is incompatible with the /ACL, /FULL, and /SECURITY
qualifiers.
The number of columns actually displayed depends on the amount
of information requested for each column and the display value of
the /WIDTH qualifier. The system displays only as many columns as
can fit within the default or specified display width, regardless
of how many columns you specify with the /COLUMNS qualifier.
The DIRECTORY command truncates long file names only when you
specify more than one column and you have asked for additional
information to be included in each column. The default file
name size is 19 characters. Use the /WIDTH qualifier to change
the default. When a file name is truncated, the system displays
one less character than the file name field size and inserts a
vertical bar in the last position. For example, if the file name
is SHOW_QUEUE_CHARACTERISTICS, and if you requested DIRECTORY to
display both file name and size in each column, the display for
that file would be SHOW_QUEUE_CHARACT| 120.
/CREATED
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their
dates of creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the
/BACKUP, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify
none of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED
qualifier.
/DATE
/DATE[=option]
/NODATE (default)
Includes the creation, last modification, expiration, backup,
effective, or recording date for each specified file; the default
is the /NODATE qualifier. If you use the /DATE qualifier without
an option, the creation date is provided. Possible options are as
follows:
Option Description
ALL Specifies all optional dates in the following order:
creation, last modification, expiration, backup,
effective, and recording.
BACKUP Specifies the last backup date.
CREATED Specifies the creation date.
EFFECTIVE Specifies the effective date the contents are valid
(ISO 9660).
EXPIRED Specifies the expiration date.
MODIFIED Specifies the last modification date.
RECORDING Specifies the recording date on the media (ISO 9660).
/EXACT
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify a
search string that must match the search string exactly and must
be enclosed with quotation marks (" ").
If you specify the /EXACT qualifier without the /SEARCH
qualifier, exact search mode is enabled when you set the search
string with the Find (E1) key.
/EXCLUDE
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the DIRECTORY command. You can
include a directory but not a device in the file specification.
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
are allowed in the file specification; however, you cannot use
relative version numbers to exclude a specific version. If you
specify only one file, you can omit the parentheses.
/EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to
their expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the
SET FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier
is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/FILE_ID
Controls whether the file identification (FID) number is
displayed. By default, the FID is not displayed unless the /FULL
qualifier is specified.
/FTP
Invokes the directory (dir or ls) operation of the FTP utility.
The DIRECTORY/FTP command writes a listing of the contents of
the specified remote directory to the local host over a TCP/IP
connection by invoking the FTP utility.
/FULL
Displays the following information for each file:
File name
File type
Version number
File identification number (FID)
Number of blocks used
Number of blocks allocated
File owner's user identification code (UIC)
Date of creation
Date last modified and revision number
Date of expiration
Date of last backup
Date of effective usage
Date of recording on media
File organization
Shelved state
Caching attribute
File attributes
Record format
Record attributes
RMS attributes
Journaling information
File protection
Access control list (ACL)
Client attribute
Value of the stored semantics tag (where applicable)
/GRAND_TOTAL
Displays only the totals for all files and directories that have
been specified. Suppresses both the per-directory total and
individual file information. (See the /TRAILING qualifier for
information on displaying directory totals.)
/HEADING
/HEADING
/NOHEADING
Controls whether heading lines consisting of a device description
and directory specification are printed. The default output
format provides this heading. When the /NOHEADING qualifier
is specified, the display is in single-column format and the
device and directory information appears with each file name. The
/NOHEADING qualifier overrides the /COLUMNS qualifier.
The combination of the /NOHEADING and /NOTRAILING qualifiers is
useful in command procedures where you want to create a list of
complete file specifications for later operations.
/HIGHLIGHT
/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify the
type of highlighting you want when a search string is found. When
a string is found, the entire line is highlighted. You can use
the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD
is the default highlighting.
/MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to
the dates on which they were last modified. This qualifier
is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED
qualifiers, which also allow you to select files according
to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/OUTPUT
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls where the output of the command is sent. By default,
the display is written to the current SYS$OUTPUT device. The
asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are
not allowed.
If you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier with a partial file
specification (for example, /OUTPUT=[KIER]), DIRECTORY is the
default file name and .LIS the default file type. If you enter
the /NOOUTPUT qualifier, output is suppressed.
If the output will be written to a file in the same directory,
the output file name will appear in the directory listing.
/OWNER
/OWNER
/NOOWNER (default)
Controls whether the file owner's user identification code (UIC)
is listed.
The default size of the owner field is 20 characters. If the
file owner's UIC exceeds the length of the owner field, the
information will be truncated. The size of this field can be
altered by specifying /WIDTH=OWNER, along with a value for the
owner field. For more information, see the description of the
/WIDTH qualifier.
/PAGE
/PAGE[=keyword]
/NOPAGE (default)
Controls the display of directory information on the screen.
You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:
CLEAR_SCREEN Clears the screen before each page is displayed.
SCROLL Displays information one line at a time.
SAVE[=n] Enables screen navigation of information, where n
is the number of pages to store.
The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens
of information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens
of up to 255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE
qualifier, you can use the following keys to navigate through the
information:
Key Sequence Description
Up arrow key, Ctrl/B Scroll up one line.
Down arrow key Scroll down one line.
Left arrow key Scroll left one column.
Right arrow key Scroll right one column.
Find (E1) Specify a string to find when the
information is displayed.
Insert Here (E2) Scroll right one half screen.
Remove (E3) Scroll left one half screen.
Select (E4) Toggle 80/132 column mode.
Prev Screen (E5) Get the previous page of information.
Next Screen (E6), Get the next page of information.
Return, Enter, Space
F10, Ctrl/Z Exit. (Some utilities define these
differently.)
Help (F15) Display utility help text.
Do (F16) Toggle the display to oldest/newest
page.
Ctrl/W Refresh the display.
The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
/PRINTER
Puts the display in a file and queues the file to SYS$PRINT for
printing under the name given by the /OUTPUT qualifier. If you
do not specify the /OUTPUT qualifier, output is directed to a
temporary file named DIRECTORY.LIS, which is queued for printing
and then is deleted.
/PROTECTION
/PROTECTION
/NOPROTECTION (default)
Controls whether the file protection for each file is listed.
/SEARCH
/SEARCH="string"
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to specify a string that you
want to find in the information being displayed. Quotation marks
are required for the /SEARCH qualifier, if you include spaces in
the text string.
You can also dynamically change the search string by pressing the
Find key (E1) while the information is being displayed. Quotation
marks are not required for a dynamic search.
/SECURITY
Controls whether information about file security is displayed;
using the /SECURITY qualifier is equivalent to using the /ACL,
/OWNER, and /PROTECTION qualifiers together. ACEs that were
created with the hidden option are displayed only if the SECURITY
privilege is turned on.
For further information, refer to the OpenVMS Guide to System
Security.
/SELECT
/SELECT=(keyword[,...])
Allows you to select files for display. Choose one of the
following keywords:
ACL Displays files that have an associated ACL
NOACL or files that do not (NOACL keyword).
CACHING_ATTRIBUTE=(opDisplays.files that have the specified
caching attribute. Possible options are:
NO_CACHING
WRITETHROUGH
FILE=(option[,...]) Displays portions of the file specification.
The /SELECT=FILE qualifier is used to
turn off specific portions by explicit
or implicit specification of the options.
Possible options are:
[NO]NODE
[NO]DEVICE
[NO]DIRECTORY
[NO]NAME
[NO]TYPE
[NO]VERSION
/SELECT=FILE qualifier cannot be used with
the /FULL qualifier.
ONLINE Displays files that are online or shelved.
NOONLINE
PRESHELVED Displays files that are preshelved or not
NOPRESHELVED preshelved.
SHELVABLE Displays files that are shelvable or not
NOSHELVABLE shelvable.
SIZE=(option[,...]) Displays files according to their size.
Possible options are:
Option Description
MAXIMUM=n Displays files that have
fewer blocks than the value
of n, which defaults to
1,073,741,823. Use with
MINIMUM=n to specify a
size range for files to be
displayed.
MINIMUM=n Displays files that have blocks
equal to or greater than the
value of n. Use with MAXIMUM=n
to specify a size range for
files to be displayed.
(MINIMUM=n, Displays files whose block
MAXIMUM=n) size falls within the specified
MINIMUM and MAXIMUM range.
/SHELVED_STATE
Displays whether the file is shelved, preshelved, or online.
/SINCE
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated on or after the specified time.
You can specify time as an absolute time, as a combination of
absolute and delta times, or as one of the following keywords:
BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY (default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one
of the following qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate
the time attribute to be used as the basis for selection:
/BACKUP, /CREATED (default), /EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic
Date_Time).
/SIZE
/SIZE[=option]
/NOSIZE (default)
Displays the size in blocks of each file. If you omit the option
parameter, the default lists the file size in blocks used (USED).
Specify one of the following options:
ALL Lists the file size both in blocks allocated and
blocks used.
ALLOCATION Lists the file size in blocks allocated.
USED Lists the file size in blocks used.
The size of this field can be altered by supplying the size value
of the /WIDTH qualifier.
/STYLE
/STYLE=keyword[,keyword]
Specifies the file name format for display purposes while
displaying directory contents.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
Keyword Explanation
CONDENSED Displays the file name representation of what is
(default) generated to fit into a 255-length character string.
This file name may contain a DID or FID abbreviation
in the file specification.
EXPANDED Displays the file name representation of what is
stored on disk. This file name does not contain any
DID or FID abbreviations.
If both CONDENSED and EXPANDED keywords are specified, then the
file specifications are displayed in two columns. The column size
is dependent on the display width, and the file names wrap within
their respective columns.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification
unless the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for
more information.
/TIME
/TIME[=option]
/NOTIME (default)
The same as the /DATE qualifier: includes the backup, creation,
expiration, or modification time for each specified file; the
default is the /NOTIME qualifier. If you use the /TIME qualifier
without an option, the creation time is provided. Possible
options are as follows:
Option Description
ALL Specifies creation, expiration, backup, and last
modification times.
BACKUP Specifies the last backup time.
CREATED Specifies the creation time.
EFFECTIVE Specifies the effective time the contents are valid.
EXPIRED Specifies the expiration time.
MODIFIED Specifies the last modification time.
RECORDING Specifies the recording time on the media.
/TOTAL
Displays only the directory name and total number of files.
By default, the output format is determined by the /BRIEF
qualifier, which gives this total but also lists all the file
names, file types, and their version numbers.
/TRAILING
/TRAILING
/NOTRAILING
Controls whether trailing lines that provide the following
summary information are displayed:
o Number of files listed
o Total number of blocks used per directory
o Total number of blocks allocated
o Total number of directories and total blocks used or allocated
in all directories (only if more than one directory is listed)
By default, the output format includes most of this summary
information. The /SIZE and /FULL qualifiers determine more
precisely what summary information is included.
When used alone, the /TRAILING qualifier lists the number of
files in the directory. When used with the /SIZE qualifier, the
/TRAILING qualifier lists the number of files and the number of
blocks (displayed according to the option of the /SIZE qualifier,
FULL or ALLOCATION). When used with the /FULL qualifier, the
/TRAILING qualifier lists the number of files as well as the
number of blocks used and allocated. If more than one directory
is listed, the summary includes the total number of directories,
the total number of blocks used, and the total number of blocks
allocated.
/VERSIONS
/VERSIONS=n
Specifies the number of versions of a file to be listed. The
default is all versions of each file. A value less than 1 is not
allowed.
/WIDTH
/WIDTH=(keyword[,...])
Formats the width of the display. If you specify only one
keyword, you can omit the parentheses. Possible keywords are
as follows:
DISPLAY=n Specifies the total width of the display as an integer
in the range 1 to 256 and defaults to zero (setting
the display width to the terminal width). If the total
width of the display exceeds the terminal width, the
information will be truncated.
FILENAME=n Specifies the width of the file name field; defaults
to 19 characters. If you request another piece of
information to be displayed along with the file name
in each column, file names that exceed the n parameter
cause the line to wrap after the file name field. (See
the /COLUMNS qualifier.)
OWNER=n Specifies the width of the owner field; defaults to
20 characters. If the owner's user identification
code (UIC) exceeds the length of the owner field, the
information will be truncated.
SIZE=n Specifies the width of the size field; defaults to 6
characters on systems prior to OpenVMS Version 6.0; the
default is 7 characters on OpenVMS Version 6.0 systems
or higher. If the file size exceeds the length of the
size field, the field is filled with asterisks.
/WRAP
/WRAP
/NOWRAP (default)
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns
to the width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond
the width of the screen to the next line.
The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the
screen and can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and
right) features provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
2 Examples
1.$ DIRECTORY AVERAGE.*
Directory DISK$DOCUMENT:[SOUDER]
AVERAGE.EXE;6 AVERAGE.FOR;6 AVERAGE.LIS;4 AVERAGE.OBJ;12
Total of 4 files.
In this example, the DIRECTORY command lists all files with the
file name AVERAGE and any file type.
2.$ DIRECTORY/SIZE=USED/DATE=CREATED/VERSIONS=1/PROTECTION AVERAGE
Directory DISK$DOCUMENT:[SLOUGH]
AVERAGE.EXE;6 6 19-DEC-2001 15:43:02.10 (RE,RE,RWED,RE)
AVERAGE.FOR;6 2 19-DEC-2001 10:29:53.37 (RE,RE,RWED,RE)
AVERAGE.LIS;4 5 19-DEC-2001 16:27:27.19 (RE,RE,RWED,RE)
AVERAGE.OBJ;6 2 19-DEC-2001 16:27:44.23 (RE,RE,RWED,RE)
Total of 4 files, 15 blocks.
In this example, the DIRECTORY command lists the number of
blocks used, the creation date, and the file protection code
for the highest version number of all files named AVERAGE in
the current directory.
3.$ DIRECTORY/FULL DISK$GRIPS_2:[VMS.TV]DEMO.EXE
Directory DISK$GRIPS_2:[VMS.TV]
DEMO.EXE;1 File ID: (36,11,0)
Size: 390/390 Owner: [0,0]
Created: 12-NOV-2001 11:45:19.00
Revised: 14-DEC-2001 15:45:19.00 (34)
Expires: <None specified>
Backup: 28-NOV-2001 04:00:12.22
Effective: <None specified>
Recording: <None specified>
File organization: Sequential
Shelved state: Online
Caching attribute: Writethrough
File attributes: Allocation: 390, Extend: 0, Global buffer count: 0,
Version limit: 0, Backups disabled, Not shelvable
Record format: Fixed length 512 byte records
Record attributes: None
RMS attributes: None
Journaling enabled: None
File protection: System:RE, Owner:RE, Group:RE, World:RE
Access Cntrl List: None
Client attributes: None
Total of 1 file, 390/390 blocks.
The example illustrates the DIRECTORY/FULL command.
4.$ DIRECTORY/VERSIONS=1/COLUMNS=1 AVERAGE.*
The DIRECTORY command in this example lists only the highest
version of each file named AVERAGE in the current default
directory. The format is brief and restricted to one column.
Heading and trailing lines are provided.
5.$ DIRECTORY BLOCK%%%
The DIRECTORY command in this example locates all versions and
types of files in the default device and directory whose names
begin with the letters BLOCK and end with any three additional
characters. The default output format is brief, four columns,
with heading and trailing lines.
6.$ DIRECTORY/EXCLUDE=(AVER.DAT;*,AVER.EXE;*) [*...]AVER
The DIRECTORY command in this example lists and totals all
versions and types of files named AVER in all directories and
subdirectories on the default disk, except any files named
AVER.DAT and AVER.EXE.
7.$ DIRECTORY/SIZE=ALL FRESNO::DISK1:[TAMBA]*.COM
The DIRECTORY command in this example lists all versions of
all files with the file type COM in the directory TAMBA on node
FRESNO and device DISK1. The listing includes the file size
both in blocks used and in blocks allocated for each file.
8.$ DIRECTORY-
_$ /MODIFIED/SINCE=14-DEC-2001:01:30/SIZE=ALL/OWNER-
_$ /PROTECTION/OUTPUT=UPDATE/PRINTER [A*]
The DIRECTORY command in this example locates all files that
have been modified since 1:30 a.m. on December 14, 2001,
and that reside on the default disk in all directories whose
names begin with the letter A. It formats the output to
include all versions, the size used and size allocated, the
date last modified, the owner, and the protection codes. The
output is directed to a file named UPDATE.LIS, which is queued
automatically to the default printer queue and then is deleted.
9.$ DIRECTORY/SHELVED_STATE
Directory MYDISK:[THOMPSON]
MYFILE.TXT;2 Online
NOT_SHELVED.TXT;1 Online
SHELVED.TXT Shelved
Total of 3 files.
The DIRECTORY command in this example lists all the files in
a directory and shows whether a file is shelved, preshelved,
online, or remote.