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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

NAME
       xrn  - an X-based interface to the USENET news system that
       uses the NNTP remote news server

SYNOPSIS
       xrn is an X-based interface to the USENET news system that
       uses  the  NNTP	remote	news protocol for accessing news-
       groups and articles on an NNTP server, thus allowing users
       to  read news  from  personal workstations by accessing a
       central news repository. This manual page applies to ver-
       sion 8.02.

DESCRIPTION
       xrn    [-addButtonList	list]	[-allButtonList	  list]
       [-artButtonList	list]	[-artSpecButtonList	list]
       [-authenticator	command]  [-authenticatorCommand command]
       [+/-authorFullName]  [-breakLength   len]   [-busyIconName
       name]	[-busyIconPixmap    pixmap]   [-cacheFile   file]
       [-cancelCount  number]  [+/-cc]	[+/-ccForward]	[-confirm
       list]	[-deadLetters	file]	[-defaultLines	 count]
       [+/-discardOld] [+/-displayLineCount] [-distribution dist]
       [+/-dumpCore]	   [-editorCommand		command]
       [+/-executableSignatures]    [+/-fullNewsrc]    [-geometry
       geometry]    [-iconGeometry    +X+Y]    [-iconName   name]
       [-iconPixmap	pixmap] [-ignoreNewsgroups	list]
       [-includeCommand command]	[+/-includeHeader]
       [-includePrefix "prefix text"]  [+/-includeSep]	[+/-info]
       [+/-killFiles]	[-leaveHeaders	list]  [-lineLength  len]
       [+/-localSignatures]  [-lockFile file]	[-mailer  mailer]
       [-maxLines  number]  [-minLines number] [-newsrcFile file]
       [-ngButtonList list] [-nntpServer name] [-onlyShow number]
       [-organization  org] [+/-pageArticles] [-pointerBackground
       color] [-pointerForeground  color]  [-prefetchMax  number]
       [-prefetchMinSpeed    kbytes]	[-printCommand	command]
       [-replyTo  name] [+/-rescanOnEnter]  [-rescanTime   time]
       [+/-resetSave]	[-saveDir   directory]	[-saveMode  mode]
       [-saveNewsrcFile file] [-savePostings  file]  [-saveString
       string]	[-signatureFile	   file]   [+/-signatureNotify]
       [+/-sortedSubjects] [+/-stayInArticleMode]  [-stripHeaders
       list]   [+/-subjectRead] [+/-subjectScrollBack]	[-tmpDir
       directory]     [-topLines      number]	[+/-typeAhead]
       [-unreadIconName name]	 [-unreadIconPixmap	pixmap]
       [+/-updateNewsrc]  [-verboseKill actions]   [-watchUnread
       list]

       Along  with  the standard toolkit options, e.g., -display,
       -geometry, -xrm, and -iconic.

BASIC OPERATION
       Don't let the size of this manual page alarm you.  xrn  is
       easy  to learn on-line without reading the documentation.
       This manual page describes  many	 features  that	 may  be
       obvious	to the casual observer. It also describes how to
       use scroll bars, buttons, and select  text;  if	you  have

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       used  an X toolkit application before, the section titled
       "BUTTONS, SCROLL BARS, and SELECTION" can be skipped.

       xrn uses the `.newsrc' file to determine what groups  need
       to  be  read.  If the `.newsrc' file does not exist, it is
       created, and the user is subscribed  to	the  news  group
       `news.announce.newusers'.

       xrn  has four modes of operation: Add, Newsgroup, All, and
       Article modes.  Add mode will be entered	 on  startup  if
       there are any groups that the news system knows about that
       are not in the `.newsrc' file (i.e., new groups).  In  Add
       mode,  the user is given a list of new groups.  Groups can
       then be subscribed to and placed in the `.newsrc' file  at
       the  first  position,  the last position, or after a group
       already in the `.newsrc' file.  When Add mode  is  exited,
       any  remaining  groups are added unsubscribed, so the user
       is not asked about them the next time xrn is started.   On
       exit  from  Add	mode,  or  on startup if there are no new
       groups,	Newsgroup  mode is  entered.	Newsgroup   mode
       displays the  subscribed	 to  groups  that  have	 unread
       articles and the range of available articles.   The  basic
       functions  available in this mode allow the user to read a
       group, mark all articles in a group as  read,  unsubscribe
       from a group, move the cursor around the newsgroup window,
       change the order of the list of newsgroups,  re-visit  the
       most  recently  visited group, and quit xrn.  In addition,
       the user can subscribe to a group and specify its position
       in  the	`.newsrc'  file,  query the  news server for new
       articles and groups, and go to groups that are either  not
       subscribed  to or currently have no unread articles (i.e.,
       groups not displayed on the screen).  From Newsgroup  mode
       the  user  can  go into All mode.  In All mode the user is
       presented with a sorted list of all known groups and their
       subscription  status  (subscribed or unsubscribed) and can
       change their status or location in the `.newsrc' file.  On
       exiting	All  mode  the	user  is placed back in Newsgroup
       mode.  In order to  read the  articles	in  a  particular
       group,  the user goes from Newsgroup mode to Article mode.
       In Article mode the user can sequence through the articles
       in the group forward or backward, mark a group of articles
       as read or unread, mark all articles in the current  group
       as  read,  unsubscribe to the current group, return to the
       last article visited, search forward or	backward  for  an
       article	subject (either	 for  the exact subject or for a
       regular expression  in  the  subject),  locally	kill  all
       articles with  a particular subject, and quit (saving all
       changes) or exit (leaving all articles marked unread).  In
       addition, the user can save the current article in a file,
       post an article to the  group,  post  a	followup  to  the
       current article, mail a reply to the author of an article,
       forward an article to another user via mail, and return to
       Newsgroup mode.

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

NEWS SYSTEM
       The  news system is a set of bulletins, discussion groups,
       program sources, and other bits of information distributed
       around the world under the name `USENET'.  The information
       is  generally  called  `news'  and  is  broken	up   into
       `newsgroups'.   Each newsgroup deals with a subject or set
       of subjects.  The  subjects  for newsgroups  are	 varied:
       from  discussions  about particular  versions  of UNIX to
       movie reviews, from information on the X window system  to
       commentary on current social and political issues.

       For  information on what newsgroups are available, answers
       to commonly asked questions, and newsgroup ediquette, read
       the  articles  in the newsgroup `news.announce.newsusers'.
       Users who are new to the USENET are strongly encouraged to
       become  familiar with  the  contents  of	 the articles in
       `news.announce.newusers' before posting any messages.

NEWS SERVER
       In order to run xrn, you must have access to an NNTP  news
       server.	If  you	 do not have access to such a server and
       would like to  set  one	up,  see  the  "USENET	Software:
       History and Sources" posting in news.announce.newusers for
       information about where to get the  appropriate	software.
       The  NNTP  server to which to connect must be specified in
       one of the following ways: the `-nntpServer' command  line
       argument;   the	environment   variable	NNTPSERVER;  the
       nntpServer X resource; (these are listed in the	order  in
       which  they  are checked).  The name can be either a host
       name (e.g., shambhala.berkeley.edu) or an internet  number
       (e.g.,  128.32.132.54).	If someone else has installed xrn
       at your site, then it is probably  already  configured  to
       use  the correct	 news server and you don't have to worry
       about it.

SCREEN LAYOUT
       The screen displayed by xrn consists of seven sections:	a
       title  bar,  two scrollable text windows, two information
       bars, and two button boxes.  The title  bar  displays  the
       current	version of  the	 program.   The	 top text window
       displays information based on the mode.	In Add mode,  the
       window  displays all groups that are not currently in the
       `.newsrc' file, one per	line.	In  Newsgroup  mode,  the
       window  displays the  groups  containing unread articles.
       Each group is represented by a line of the form:

       Unread news in <group name>	   <num>  article(s)	+
			       <old> old

       <group name> is the name of the group, <num> is the number
       of unread articles,  and <old>	is  the number	of  read
       articles that  are  still  available  (i.e. have not been
       expired) on the news server.  If "List old" is toggled on,
       then  the  word	"Unread"  will not appear on the lines of

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       newsgroups with no unread articles, and	furthermore,  the
       words "news in" will not appear on the lines of newsgroups
       with no available articles at all.

       In Article mode, the window displays a  list  of subjects
       for  the articles in the current group, with each subject
       line being represented by a line of the form:

       [+u][SP] <num>	<subject of the article> [<lines>] <author>

       where <num> is the article number, <lines> is  the  number
       of  lines in the article (when available), and <author> is
       the author of the article.  A `+' in  the  first position
       means  that  the article has been read, a `u' in the first
       position means that the article has been marked as unread,
       a  'S'  in  the second position means that the article has
       been saved to a file, and a 'P'	in  the second	position
       means that the article has been printed.

       The  top information  bar  displays information about the
       mode, the  buttons  in  the  top button	box,  and  error
       messages.   The	top  button  box  has  buttons	that  are
       specific to the mode and apply to the information  in  the
       top text window. The bottom text window displays articles
       in Article mode and a list of all known groups  and  their
       subscription  status  in All mode.  The bottom information
       bar displays information about the mode, the  buttons  in
       the  bottom  button  box,  and error messages.  The bottom
       button box has buttons that are specific to the	mode  and
       apply to the information in the bottom text window.

BUTTONS, SCROLL BARS, AND SELECTION
       All  button  and text selection commands are done with the
       left  mouse  button.   Single-line   text   selection   is
       accomplished  by clicking  the	left  mouse button on the
       desired line.  Multiple-line selection is accomplished  by
       clicking the left mouse button on the first line, holding
       the button down, dragging the mouse to the last line,  and
       releasing  the  mouse button.  Multiple-line selection can
       also be accomplished by left-clicking on the  first  line,
       and  right-clicking  on	the  last  line.   Selected lines
       appear in reverse video	(the  foreground  and  background
       colors are switched).

       The  text  windows are scrolled with the scroll bar on the
       left side of the window. Clicking the left  mouse  button
       in  the scroll bar will scroll the text down some fraction
       of a page; clicking the right mouse button in  the  scroll
       bar  similarly  scrolls	up.   Clicking	the  middle mouse
       button will scroll over larger areas: clicking at the  top
       of  the	scroll	bar  will  scroll to the top of the text,
       clicking in the middle will scroll to the  middle  of  the
       text, and clicking at the bottom will scroll to the bottom
       of the text.  For  those who  like  using  the	keyboard,

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       hitting	control-V   while  the	mouse	cursor	is  in	a
       scrollable text window will cause  the  window  to  scroll
       down one page, meta-V will scroll up one page.

       Hitting	the  space  bar (while the mouse cursor is in the
       top button box)	will  do  the  right  thing;  scroll  the
       article	text  window  when  appropriate,  go  to the next
       article at the end of the current article, go to newsgroup
       mode when done with all articles in the current group, and
       go to the next group when in newsgroup mode.

       Clicking the middle button on  a newsgroup  in	Newsgroup
       mode  causes  xrn to enter Article mode in that newsgroup.
       Clicking the middle button on an article in  Article  mode
       causes that article to be displayed.

MODES
       The  next  few sections describe xrn's modes by presenting
       an overview of each mode and then a list of  its buttons.
       Each  list  includes  the  names and  descriptions of the
       mode's buttons.	The labels that actually  appear  on  the
       buttons	when you run xrn are not listed; most of them are
       obvious, but if you are unsure about one, consult the list
       of button labels in the application-defaults file.

       The listed button names correspond to button widget names,
       so they	can  be used  in  X  resources	to  control  the
       appearance or behavior of individual button widgets.

       Furthermore, the button names are used in the `ButtonList'
       options	(see  their  documentation  in	``COMMAND   LINE
       ARGUMENTS'',  below) to control which buttons are actually
       displayed.  Note that only the  buttons	whose  names  are
       followed by asterisks in the lists below are displayed in
       the default xrn configuration; the  others  are	displayed
       only  if you specify a `ButtonList' option which requests
       them.

       All button names are also action procedure names and  can
       therefore  be  used  in	Xt  translations  to  specify key
       sequences that activate button  behavior (consult  the	X
       toolkit	intrinsics  documentation  for	more  information
       about translations).  Some buttons are  already	bound  to
       key  sequences  by  default;  the  key  sequences for such
       buttons are listed in parentheses after their  entries  in
       the lists below.

ADD MODE
       Add  mode is entered when xrn detects groups that the news
       system knows about that are  not in  the	 `.newsrc'  file
       (i.e., newly created groups).

       To  change  or  add  key bindings  to Add mode, use the X
       resource "*addFrame.list.translations".

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       addQuit * (`q')
	      Add remaining groups in the list	to  `.newsrc'  as
	      unsubscribed; go to group mode.

       addIgnoreRest (`x')
	      If  the `fullNewsrc' option is false, then mark the
	      remaining groups ``ignored'' (i.e., don't subscribe
	      to  them	or add them to the newsrc file) and go to
	      group mode.  Otherwise, behave as `addQuit'.

       addFirst * (`^')
	      Add the current group(s) to the  beginning  of  the
	      `.newsrc' file and mark as subscribed.  The current
	      group is the selected group(s), or the group on the
	      line containing the cursor.

       addLast * (`$')
	      Add   the current	 group(s)  to	the  end  of  the
	      `.newsrc' file and mark as subscribed.

       addAfter * (`+')
	      Add the current group(s) after a group  already  in
	      the  `.newsrc'.	A dialog box is used to allow the
	      user to enter the name of the  group  to	add  the
	      group  after.   The  mouse  cursor  must	be in the
	      dialog box for xrn to accept text (however, it does
	      not  have to  be in the type-in area).  The dialog
	      box has two  options:  abort  and add.	No  other
	      buttons  on the screen will work until the user has
	      selected an option  in  the  dialog  box. Hitting
	      carriage	return	is  the same as clicking the add
	      button (in all xrn dialog boxes	hitting carriage
	      return  is  the  same  as clicking in the rightmost
	      button of the dialog box).

       addUnsub * (`u')
	      Add  the	current group(s)  to  the  end	of   the
	      `.newsrc' file and mark as unsubscribed.

       addIgnore (`i')
	      If  the `fullNewsrc' option is false, then mark the
	      current group(s) ``ignored''.  Otherwise, behave as
	      `addUnsub'.

NEWSGROUP MODE
       Newsgroup  mode informs the user of the groups with unread
       news and gives the user	control over  which  groups  are
       visited. Clicking the middle button on a newsgroup entry
       will enter that newsgroup.

       To change or add key bindings to Newsgroup mode, use the X
       resource "*newsgroupFrame.newsgroups.translations".   In
       addition to the key bindings listed  with  buttons  below,
       clicking the  middle  button  on a group in the newsgroup

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       list will cause xrn to enter that newsgroup.

       ngQuit * ('q')
	      Quit xrn.

       ngRead * (space or `y')
	      Read  the articles  in  the  current  group.   The
	      current  group is either the first one selected (if
	      one or more are selected) or the one  on	the  line
	      containing  the  cursor.	If  all groups have been
	      read, the user can still access groups by using the
	      goto newsgroup command.  Hitting the space bar with
	      the cursor in the top button  box will  call  this
	      function.

       ngNext * (down arrow or `n')
	      Move  the cursor	to  the	 next group, leaving the
	      articles in the current group untouched.

       ngPrev * (up arrow or `p')
	      Move the cursor to the previous group, leaving  the
	      articles in the current group untouched.

       ngScroll (``Next'', ``Page Down'' or Ctrl-v)
	      Scroll the list of newsgroups forward a page.

       ngScrollBack (``Prior'', ``Page Up'' or Meta-v)
	      Scroll the list of newsgroups backwards a page.

       ngCatchUp * (`c')
	      Mark all articles in the current group as read.

       ngSubscribe * (`s')
	      Subscribe to  a	group.	A  dialog box is used to
	      allow the user to enter the name of the group.  The
	      dialog  box  has the following options: abort, prev
	      group (subscribe to the  previous group	visited),
	      first  (put group in the beginning of the `.newsrc'
	      file), last (put group in the end of the	`.newsrc'
	      file),  and  current  position  (put  group  at the
	      position of the cursor).	This command can also  be
	      used  to change the position of a subscribed group.
	      Hitting carriage return after typing in the name is
	      the same as clicking the current position button.

       ngUnsub * (`u')
	      Unsubscribe from the current group.

       ngGoto * (`g')
	      Go to a newsgroup by typing its name into a dialog.
	      The name specified can be a substring of the  group
	      name  or a regular expression.  If the newsgroup is
	      currently ignored, it is added to the  end  of  the
	      newsrc  file  and subscribed before it is visited.

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	      If the newsgroup is not currently subscribed, it is
	      subscribed  before it is visited. The first unread
	      article in the group  is	displayed,  or	the  last
	      article  in  the	group  if  there  are  no  unread
	      articles.

       ngAllGroups * (`L')
	      Display  all  of	the  groups  that  exist,   their
	      subscription  statuses,  and  a  set of buttons for
	      changing the status.

       ngRescan * (`r')
	      Query the server for any new  groups  or	articles.
	      If  "cacheActive" (see  below)  is True, then this
	      command checks for new newsgroups in the foreground
	      and  then checks for new articles group by group in
	      the background; if "cacheActive" is False, then the
	      entire rescan takes place in the foreground.

       ngGetList (`R')
	      Retrieve	a  full list  of  newsgroups  (and  what
	      articles are available in them) from the server and
	      check  for  new  newsgroups.   This  command always
	      retrieves a full list in	the  foreground,  pausing
	      xrn  while  the  retrieval  is  happening,  even if
	      "cacheActive" is True.

       ngPrevGroup * (`-')
	      Re-visit the previous group visited.  If it is  not
	      currently subscribed, it is subscribed before it is
	      visited.

       ngListOld * (`l')
	      Toggle between listing only groups with unread news
	      and  listing  all subscribed groups whether or not
	      they have unread news.  xrn starts out listing only
	      groups with unread news.

       ngSelect * (Shift-S)
	      Select  a range of groups for a subsequent `ngMove'
	      operation.     This    selection	is	cancelled
	      automatically  if the list of newsgroups displayed
	      in the newsgroup list changes.

       ngMove * (`m')
	      Move the previously selected groups to the  current
	      cursor  position, unless	the  cursor is currently
	      within the selected groups, in which  case  nothing
	      happens.

       ngExit * (`x')
	      Quit  xrn,  leaving  the	`.newsrc'  file unchanged
	      since the last time it was updated.  The	`.newsrc'
	      file  is	updated each time a rescan or checkpoint

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	      occurs, as well as each time you exit from  Article
	      mode if `updateNewsrc' is true.  See below for more
	      information about rescanning,  checkpointing,  and
	      `updateNewsrc'.

       ngCheckPoint * (Ctrl-s)
	      Update  the  `.newsrc'  file based on xrn's current
	      state.

       ngGripe * (Shift-G)
	      Send a gripe  (bug,  bug	fix,  complaint,  feature
	      request, etc.) to the maintainer of xrn.

       ngPost * (`a')
	      Post an article to a newsgroup or a comma-separated
	      list of  newsgroups.   See  ``COMPOSING  MESSAGES''
	      below for more information.

       ngPostAndMail * (Shift-A)
	      Post an article and mail it too.

       ngMail (Shift-M)
	      Send a mail message.

ALL MODE
       Use All mode to display a list of all groups, in `.newsrc'
       order  or  in  alphabetical  order;  to	subscribe  to  or
       unsubscribe  from  specific groups; or to change the order
       of groups in your `.newsrc'.  Operations in All mode apply
       to  the	selected  groups  if  any are selected, or to the
       group on the same line as the cursor otherwise.

       To change or add key bindings  to  All  mode,  use  the	X
       resource "*allFrame.list.translations".	In  addition to
       the key bindings listed with buttons below,  clicking  the
       middle  button on a group in the newsgroup list will cause
       xrn to enter that newsgroup.

       allQuit * (`q')
	      Update the `.newsrc' file and return to group mode.

       allNext * (down arrow or `n')
	      Move the cursor to the next group.

       allPrev * (up arrow or `p')
	      Move the cursor to the previous group.

       allScroll (``Next'', ``Page Down'' or Ctrl-v)
	      Scroll the list of newsgroups forward a page.

       allScrollBack (``Prior'', ``Page Up'' or Meta-v)
	      Scroll the list of newsgroups backwards a page.

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       allSub * (`s')
	      Subscribe to  the selected groups, leaving them at
	      their current position in the `.newsrc' file.

       allFirst * (`^')
	      Subscribe to the selected groups and move them  to
	      the beginning of the `.newsrc' file.

       allLast * (`$')
	      Subscribe to  the selected groups and move them to
	      the end of the `.newsrc' file.

       allAfter * (`+')
	      Subscribe to the	selected  groups  and  move  them
	      after  a	particular  group  (for which the user is
	      prompted with a dialog box) in the `.newsrc'  file.

       allUnsub * (`u')
	      Unsubscribe from the selected groups.

       allIgnore (`i')
	      Ignore  the selected groups, i.e., unsubscribe from
	      them and remove them from the newsrc file.

       allGoto * (space or `g')
	      Go to  the  current  newsgroup  (either  the  first
	      selected	newsgroup  or  the  newsgroup on the same
	      line as the cursor).  As with `ngGoto', either  the
	      first  unread article or the last article (if there
	      are no unread  articles)	is  displayed.	However,
	      unlike `ngGoto', this button does not subscribe you
	      to an unsubscribed newsgroup before entering it.

       allSelect * (Shift-S)

       allMove * (`m')
	      Same as the  `ngSelect'  and  `ngMove'  buttons  in
	      Newsgroup mode.	Note that ``ignored'' newsgroups
	      cannot be moved, since they have no location in the
	      newsrc file.

       allToggle * (`o')
	      Toggle  between  listing	newsgroups  in	`.newsrc'
	      order and alphabetical order.

       allPost * (`a')
	      Post  an	article,  by  default  to   the current
	      newsgroup.

       allPostAndMail * (Shift-A)
	      Post an article and mail it too.

       allMail (Shift-M)
	      Send a mail message.

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ARTICLE MODE
       Use  Article mode for reading and manipulating articles in
       a group. When you enter Article mode, it displays a  list
       of  unread articles and their Subjects, or it displays the
       last available article if there are  no	unread	articles.
       You  can view  previous	articles by using `artPrev' when
       viewing the first article, by using `artGotoArticle' to go
       to  a  specific	article older than the first article, by
       using one of the subject-search buttons to search backward
       for  an	article older than the first article, or by using
       `artListOld' to list all articles in the group

       Hitting the space bar in Article mode will ``do the  right
       thing''; it will scroll an article if there is more of the
       article	to  see or  call  the	`artNextUnread'	  action
       otherwise.

       To  change  or add key bindings to Article mode, use the X
       resource "*artFrame.subjects.translations".   In addition
       to  the	key  bindings listed with buttons below, clicking
       the middle button on an article in the list  will  display
       that article.

       Most  of the  buttons or actions in Article mode keep the
       article window synchronized with the  cursor  position  in
       the  subject  list,  i.e.,  as  you move the cursor in the
       subject list, xrn displays the article the cursor  is  on.
       However, it  is	also possible to navigate in the subject
       list  without  changing	the   displayed	  article.    In
       particular,    you   can use	the   ``artScrollIndex'',
       ``artScrollIndexBack'', ``artUp'' and ``artDown''  actions
       to move the cursor without changing the displayed article;
       you can also select articles with the left and right mouse
       buttons without changing the displayed article.

       When you navigate the subject list in this manner, you can
       use the ``artCurrent'' action to tell xrn to  display  the
       article	that  the  cursor  is currently on in the subject
       list.

   Buttons in the top button box
       artQuit * (`q')
	      Update the `.newsrc' file and return  to	Newsgroup
	      mode   (or   go	to   the   next newsgroup,   if
	      `stayInArticleMode' is true).

       artNextUnread * (`n')
	      Starting at  the	first  selected article	 if  any
	      articles	are selected, or at the article under the
	      cursor otherwise, display the next available unread
	      article,	wrapping  around  to the beginning of the
	      subject list if there are no unread articles  after
	      the  starting  point  but there are unread articles
	      before it.  If no unread articles exist, xrn  exits

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	      from  Article  mode and returns to Newsgroup or All
	      mode  (or goes	to   the   next newsgroup,   if
	      `stayInArticleMode' is true).

       artNext * (`N')
	      Display  the  selected  article,	if  any,  or  the
	      article  under  the  subject  cursor  if	it  isn't
	      currently displayed, or the next article after the
	      currently displayed one.	Exit  from  Article  mode
	      (or     go    to	the	next	newsgroup,    if
	      `stayInArticleMode' is true) after the last article
	      has been reached.

       artPrev * (`P')
	      Display  the  selected  article,	if  any,  or  the
	      article  under  the  subject  cursor  if	it  isn't
	      currently displayed,  or	the  article  before the
	      currently displayed one.

       artLast * (`-')
	      Display  the  last  article  accessed  before   the
	      currently displayed  one.	 This command only keeps
	      track  of one  previously	 accessed  article,   so
	      invoking	it  repeatedly simply toggles the display
	      between two articles.

       artCurrent (Enter or Return)
	      If no articles are selected in  the  subject  list,
	      then   display  the  article  that  the  cursor  is
	      currently on.   Otherwise,   display   the   first
	      selected article.

       artUp (up arrow)
	      Move  the cursor	up one line in the subject list,
	      without changing the currently displayed article.

       artDown (down arrow)
	      Move the cursor down one line in the subject  list,
	      without changing the currently displayed article.

       artNextGroup * (Meta-n)
	      Go directly to the next newsgroup with unread news,
	      bypassing Newsgroup or All mode.

       artCatchUp * (`c')
	      If any articles are currently selected,  then  mark
	      as read all articles that are not explicitly marked
	      unread, from the first listed  article  up  to  the
	      first  selected  article. Otherwise, mark as read
	      all articles that are not explicitly marked unread,
	      and     exit     Article	mode	(note	 that
	      `stayInArticleMode' does not affect this	command).

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       artFedUp * (Meta-c)
	      Mark as read all articles in the current group that
	      are not explicitly marked unread, and  then  go  to
	      the next group with unread articles.

       artGotoArticle * (`.')
	      Go  to a specific article (you will be prompted for
	      the article number with a dialog box).

       artMarkRead * (`j')
	      Mark as read the current or selected articles,  and
	      then  return  the list  cursor  to  the	currently
	      displayed article if it wasn't there already).

       artMarkUnread * (`m')
	      Mark as unread the current  or  selected	articles,
	      and  then return	the list cursor to the currently
	      displayed article if it wasn't there already.

	      When an article is  marked  as  unread,  a  'u'  is
	      placed in the far left column next to the article's
	      number.  The only way to mark an	article as  read
	      once  it	has  been marked with a `u' is to use the
	      `artMarkRead' function.

	      The     `artNext',     `artPrev', `artSubNext',
	      `artSubPrev',  and  `artSubSearch' will all display
	      articles that are marked unread as  they	encounter
	      them, but `artNextUnread' will not.

       artUnsub * (`u')
	      Unsubscribe  from the  current  group;  exit  from
	      Article mode (or	go  to	the  next  newsgroup,  if
	      `stayInArticleMode' is set).

       artSubNext * (Ctrl-n)

       artSubPrev * (Ctrl-p)
	      If  articles  are selected, then display the first
	      selected article. Otherwise, if the cursor is  not
	      on  the  currently  displayed article, then display
	      the article the cursor is on.  Otherwise, find  and
	      display  the next or previous article with the same
	      subject  as  the	current article	  (besides   any
	      `[rR][eE]:' prefix).  If there are no more articles
	      with the current subject and there are more  unread
	      articles, display	 the  first  unread article.  If
	      there are no more articles with the current subject
	      and there are no more unread articles, exit Article
	      mode   (or   go	to   the   next newsgroup,   if
	      `stayInArticleMode' is set).

       artListOld * (Shift-L)
	      List  all articles  available  in	 the group, even

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	      those that have been read.  Note that  this  button
	      does  not toggle	(clicking this button twice will
	      not  put	you  back  to  where  you  were).   Note,
	      furthermore,  that  this	command can take a while
	      when is  is  executed  on a  newsgroup  with  many
	      articles in it.

       artKillSession * (`k')

       artKillLocal * (Shift-K)

       artKillGlobal * (Ctrl-k)
	      Locate  either  the  first  selected article if any
	      articles are selected, or the  article  under  the
	      cursor  otherwise,  and  mark all articles with its
	      subject  as  read.   For	`artKillLocal', put  the
	      subject  in  the current group's KILL file as well,
	      so that it will be marked read automatically in the
	      future.	For  `artKillGlobal',  put the subject in
	      the global KILL file, so that  it will  be  marked
	      read automatically in the future in all newsgroups.

       artKillAuthor * (Meta-k)
	      Locate either the first  selected article	 if  any
	      articles	are  selected,	or  the article under the
	      cursor otherwise, and mark all  articles	with  its
	      author   as  read in  this  newsgroup.  (There  is
	      currently no way to automatically add an author  to
	      a group's KILL file or to the global KILL file, but
	      that functionality is on the TODO list  of  future
	      enhancements to xrn.)

       artSubSearch * (`/')
	      Starting the first selected article if any articles
	      are selected, or at the article  under  the  cursor
	      otherwise,  search  for  an  article  whose subject
	      matches specified regular expression.  This command
	      pops  up	a  dialog  for	you  to enter the regular
	      expression and  select  a direction  in	which  to
	      search.

	      If  you  select  s  search  direction without first
	      entering	a   regular   expression,   the regular
	      expression  from the last search is used. This can
	      be used to  switch  the  direction  of  the  search
	      without retyping the expression.

       artContinue * (Meta-/)
	      Continue	the   last  regular  expression	 search,
	      searching for the same regular  expression  in  the
	      same direction.

       artScroll (``Next'', ``Page Down'' or Ctrl-v)
	      Scroll the article text forward a page.

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       artScrollBack (``Prior'', ``Page Up'', `b' or Meta-v)
	      Scroll the article text backward a page.

       artScrollLine (Meta-down arrow)
	      Scroll the article text forward one line.

       artScrollBackLine (Meta-up arrow)
	      Scroll the article text backward one line.

       artScrollEnd ('>')
	      Scroll to the end of the article text.

       artScrollBeginning ('<')
	      Scroll to the beginning of the article text.

       artScrollIndex  (Shift-``Next'', Shift-``Page  Down''  or
       Shift- Ctrl-V)
	      Scroll the article index forward a page.

       artScrollIndexBack  (Shift-``Prior'', Shift-``Page Up'' or
       Shift- Meta-V)
	      Scroll the article index backward a page.

       artPost * (`a')
	      Post   an article	 to  the  current  group.   See
	      ``COMPOSING MESSAGES'' below for more  information.

       artPostAndMail * (Shift-A)
	      Post an article to the current group and mail it as
	      well.

       artMail (Shift-M)
	      Send a mail message.

       artExit * (`x')
	      Restore  the  current  group's  articles	to   the
	      read/unread state they were in before the newsgroup
	      was entered and exit from Article mode.  Note  that
	      articles	marked	read	or  unread  by	KILL-file
	      processing remain so marked.

       artCheckPoint * (Ctrl-s)
	      Same as `ngCheckPoint'.

       artGripe (Shift-G)
	      Same as `ngGripe'.

   Buttons in the bottom button box
       (Note that buttons can only be placed in the button box in
       which they were originally assigned by xrn.  Therefore, if
       you want to include any of the buttons in this section  in
       a   "*ButtonList"   option   (see  below),  you	must  use
       "artSpecButtonList", not "artButtonList".)

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       artSave * (`s', `w' or '|')
	      Save the current article in a file or  mail  folder
	      or pipe it it into a command.  This command pops up
	      a dialog for you to enter the file name in which to
	      save,  and buttons to execute the save or abort it.

	      If the specified filename begins with  a	`|',  the
	      article  is  piped into the command specified after
	      the `|'.	If the filename begins with a `+', it  is
	      treated as an MH folder, and the article is refiled
	      into the specified folder.  If the name begins with
	      a `@', it is assumed to be a BABYL file (i.e., the
	      type of file used by Emacs  RMAIL mode),	and  the
	      article is saved in the named file in BABYL format.

	      If the filename does not start with  any	of  those
	      special  characters,  then  it  is  assumed to be a
	      normal filename, and the article is appended to it.
	      If  the  filename is relative (does not begin with
	      `/' or `~'), `~/News/' will be prepended to it.

	      If no filename is specified, the article	is  saved
	      in  `~/News/Groupname',  where  `Groupname'  is the
	      name of the current group with  the  first  letter
	      capitalized  If  `saveMode'  (see below) is set to
	      `subdirs', then `~/News/groupname/'  will be  used
	      instead of `~/News/'.

	      If multiple articles are selected when this command
	      is executed, then all will be saved as specified.

	      If a specified filename has a `%d' in it, the  `%d'
	      will  be	replaced  with	the  article number being
	      saved.  To save in a file with `%' in its name, you
	      must use two `%' characters, i.e., `%%'.

       artReply * (`r')
	      Reply  (by  mail) to  the	 author	 of  the current
	      article.	See ``COMPOSING MESSAGES'' below for more
	      information.

       artForward * (Meta-f)
	      Forward the current article to a person or multiple
	      people via mail.

       artFollowup * (`f')
	      Post a followup to the current article.

       artFollowupAndReply * (Ctrl-F)
	      Post and mail a  single  response to  the	 current
	      article.

       artCancel * (Shift-C)
	      Cancel the current article.  You can only cancel an

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	      article that you wrote.

       artRot13 * (Shift-X or Ctrl-x)
	      Decrypt	an   article   ``encrypted''   with   the
	      ``rot-13''  algorithm.   In  some newsgroups (e.g.,
	      ``rec.humor'', ``rec.humor.funny''), articles  that
	      may offend certain people are sometimes posted.  To
	      minimize the offense, these articles are	sometimes
	      encoded	with   ``rot-13'',   a	simple	letter-
	      substitution  cipher,  so that  users  must   take
	      explicit	action	in order to view them.	Executing
	      this command will decode such an	encoded message;
	      executing the  command  a	 second time on the same
	      article will return the  article	to  its original
	      contents.

       artXlate *
	      Translate the article from ISO 646 to ISO 8859-1.

       artHeader * (`v')
	      Toggle  between  showing	all  header  lines in the
	      article and showing a limited set of header  lines.
	      This  command  is ineffective  (and  therefore its
	      button is insensitive) if you  have  not	set  the
	      `stripHeaders'   or   `leaveHeaders'   option  (see
	      below).

       artPrint *
	      Print the article (see  the  `printCommand'  option
	      below).

COMPOSING MESSAGES
   Kinds of messages
       With xrn, you can compose and send both newsgroup articles
       and mail messages.  A newsgroup article can  be	either	a
       followup to an existing article or an article without any
       relation to previous articles; similarly, a  mail  message
       can  be	a  reply  to an existing article or a stand-alone
       message. Furthermore, a single	message can  be	 both	a
       newsgroup posting and a mail message (e.g., if you want to
       post a followup to a previous posting and also send a copy
       of your followup to the author of the previous posting).

   The message editor
       By  default,  when you tell xrn that you want to compose a
       message, it pops up a composition window with the  message
       template in  the standard X toolkit editor, whose command
       syntax is similar to that of emacs(1).  However, you  can
       also  use an editor of your own choosing to edit messages.
       For  more  information,	see  the  `editorCommand'  option
       below.

   Signature files
       xrn  will attempt to read a signature file and include its

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       contents in the message template.  (Note, however, that	a
       signature  may not be included in postings if the inews(1)
       program at your site also includes a signature and xrn has
       been configured to use inews to post articles.)

       The  signature  file  name is set with the `signatureFile'
       option  (see  below);  it  defaults   to `~/.signature'.
       However, rather than just checking for that file xrn will
       first check for a signature file that is specific  to  the
       current newsgroup or newsgroup hierarchy or to the type of
       message being composed.

       For  example,  if  you	are   posting	an   article   in
       `comp.sources.x' and	`signatureFile'	  is	set   to
       `~/.signature', xrn will check for the existence of any of
       the following signature files (in this order):

	    ~/.signature-comp.sources.x
	    ~/.signature-comp.sources
	    ~/.signature-comp

       Then,  it will check for `~/.signature.post'.  In general,
       the message types used for this check are and  `followup',
       `forward',  `gripe', `reply', `post', and `mail'.  In this
       check, a message that is both a followup and a  reply  has
       type  `followup', and a message that is both a posting and
       a mail message has type `post'.	If none of these files is
       found, it will finally check for `~/.signature'.

       If  the	`executableSignatures'	option is enabled and the
       signature file that xrn finds is executable, xrn will  run
       the  signature file as a program and use its output as the
       signature.

       If the  `signatureNotify'  option  is  enabled,	xrn  will
       display	an   informational  message  telling  you  which
       signature file it is reading or executing.

       If the signature text is more than 330 characters long, it
       will  be ignored.  Long signatures are considered rude and
       should be avoided.

   Composition window buttons
       There are up  to five  buttons	(some  of  them are  not
       relevant when  composing	 some	types of messages and are
       therefore omitted) at the  bottom  of  the  editor  window
       which  do the following: abort the message without sending
       it;  save  the  message	in  the file  specified	 by  the
       `savePostings'  option  (see  below);  send  the message;
       include in the message the text of article to  which  this
       is  a  followup	and/or reply; or include in the message a
       specified file (for which you are prompted with	a  dialog
       box).

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       You may only compose one message at a time.

   Posting restrictions
       If  the value of the "warnings.posting.crossPost" resource
       (see "X RESOURCES", below) is non-zero and you attempt  to
       post   to   that many	or   more   newsgroups,	  or  if
       "warnings.posting.followupTo" is non-zero and  attempt  to
       post  to that many or more groups when your `Followup-To'
       line does not contain fewer groups than that, xrn will ask
       you to consider reducing the number of newsgroups to which
       you are posting. Since it is unlikely that  your	 message
       is  appropriate	in  all of  the	 groups in which you are
       posting it, or that followups to your message should  also
       appear in all of those groups, please take this suggestion
       seriously.

       Note that the number of groups which cause xrn to warn you
       are  configurable  with X resources; for more information,
       see the "X RESOURCES" section, below.

CUSTOMIZING XRN
       Colors, fonts, and other xrn options can be  specified  on
       the command line or using X resources.  With the exception
       of the display name, all xrn  options  can  be	specified
       using  X resources.  Options specified on the command line
       take precedence over those specified using X resources.

COMMAND LINE ARGUMENTS
       Here  are  the  current	command line  arguments	 (the	X
       resources  have	the  same names and values as the command
       line arguments).

       -addButtonList list
		 Use the given list of buttons for  Add mode  in
		 the  order  given rather than the default button
		 list (described above).

		 The ``list'' is a comma separated list of button
		 names, as  given in the lists of buttons above.
		 For example,  your  list  might  be:  ``addQuit,
		 addIgnoreRest, addLast, addUnsub''.

       -allButtonList list
		 Use the given list of buttons for All mode.  The
		 format of ``list'' is as described above for the
		 -addButtonList option.

       -artButtonList list
		 Use  the given list of buttons for Article mode.

       -artSpecButtonList list
		 Use the given list of	buttons for  the  bottom
		 button box in Article mode.

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       -authenticator command
		 This  command line is used as ``AUTHINFO GENERIC
		 <command>'' in response  to  an  authentication
		 challenge (NNTP response code 480) from the news
		 server.    If	the   ``NNTPAUTH''   environment
		 variable  is  present, it overrides the resource
		 file entry.  The default  (built  into xrn)  is
		 ``any <userid>''.

       -authenticatorCommand command
		 This  is the command line that is used to prompt
		 the user for authentication.  xrn  invokes  this
		 command   line,  with	``%s''	replaced  by  the
		 authenticator command (see above).  The  default
		 (in   the   application  defaults  file)  is  an
		 invocation   of   xterm,    from    which    the
		 authenticator	command will prompt the user for
		 authentication.

       +/-authorFullName
		 Display the full  name of  the	 author	 or  the
		 user/hostname of the author.

       -breakLength len
		 Break	lines  longer  than `len' characters into
		 multiple lines.  Default is  0 characters.   If
		 set  to  0,  line breaking is disabled (see also
		 'lineLength').

       -busyIconName name

       -busyIconPixmap pixmap
		 When xrn  is  busy  (e.g.,  doing  an	automatic
		 rescan)  and iconified, set the icon name and/or
		 pixmap as  specified	instead of   using   the
		 default.

       -cacheFile file
		 Use  the  specified  file  to	cache information
		 other than what's in the newsrc file that  needs
		 to  be preserved  between  invocations	 of xrn.
		 Defaults   to	`~/.xrncache-hostname',	   where
		 `hostname'  is the  NNTP  server  host,  unless
		 ~/.xrncache  already  exists  and   ~/.xrncache-
		 hostname doesn't, in which case ~/.xrncache will
		 be used.

       -cancelCount number
		 The number of articles to search before  popping
		 up the cancel button.

       +/-cc	Put  'Cc:  user' in replies.  (X resources class
		 is "CC".)

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       +/-ccForward
		 Put  'Cc:  user'  in  forwarded  messages.    (X
		 resources class is "CC".)

       -confirm list
		 Turn  on  confirmation boxes	for  the  buttons
		 listed.  These boxes pop up to ask the user  to
		 verify the  invocation	 of  "dangerous" actions
		 (such as catch up and unsubscribe).  The list of
		 buttons  is  a comma	separated  list of button
		 names. The  buttons	that  can  be  confirmed:
		 ngQuit, ngExit, ngCatchUp, artCatchUp, artFedUp,
		 ngUnsub, and artUnsub.

       -deadLetters file
		 The name of the file to save failed postings and
		 messages.  Defaults to `~/dead.letter'.

       +defaultLines count
		 Number of  lines  to scroll the subject list in
		 article mode when scrolling automatically at the
		 bottom of the list.

       +/-discardOld
		 If  enabled and `onlyShow' is set, then articles
		 earlier than the requested number of articles at
		 the   end  of	the  newsgroup	are  marked  read
		 automatically. Disabled by default.

       -distribution dist
		 Set the default distribution to `dist'.

       +/-dumpCore
		 Dump core when a  signal  is  detected.   The	X
		 resources class for the "dumpCore" X resource is
		 "Debug".

       -editorCommand command
		 Use an alternate editor for  creating	postings,
		 followups,   forwards, gripes,	  and	replies.
		 `command' must be a string in sprintf(3)  format
		 containing a `%s', which will be replaced by the
		 file name to be edited.   The	command will  be
		 executed   using   the bourne	shell	(sh(1)).
		 Examples are:

		   xterm -e vi %s
		   xterm -e microEmacs %s
		   emacsclient %s

		 The resulting command should handle all  editing
		 and  windowing.   The	article being followed up
		 on, replied to or  forwarded	is  automatically
		 included.  You can also specify `%D' and it will

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		 be replaced with the display name.  For example:

		   xterm -display %D -e vi %s

		 If  you specify an empty `editorCommand' string,
		 the external editor is disabled and  the  editor
		 built	into  xrn will be used. You can use this
		 to   disable	on   the    command    line    an
		 `editorCommand'    specification   in	your	X
		 resources, or to disable in your X resources  an
		 `editorCommand'  specification in  the xrn app-
		 defaults file installed at your site.

       +/-executableSignatures
		 If a signature file is executable,  attempt  to
		 execute  it  and use its output as the signature
		 text.	Three arguments are provided: the current
		 newsgroup   (or  "NIL" if  none),  the	 current
		 posting  mode	("post",   "followup",	"reply",
		 "forward"  or "gripe"), and the name of the file
		 containing the text of the article being replied
		 to (or "NIL" if none). Non-executable signature
		 files are already read (rather than  executed),
		 regardless of the setting of this option.  Also,
		 if the execution of a signature file  fails,  it
		 is read rather than executed.

       +/-fullNewsrc
		 If set, then the newsrc file will always contain
		 all newsgroups known to the  server.	Any  time
		 xrn  discovers a newsgroup on the server that's
		 not in the newsrc file,  it  will  consider  the
		 newsgroup new and enter Add mode to ask you what
		 you want to do with it.

		 If not set, then any newsgroups not found in the
		 newsrc file  will be considered ``ignored'' (as
		 opposed to ``subscribed''  or	``unsubscribed'')
		 and  will  be	left  out  of the newsrc when xrn
		 updates it.  In this case, only  responses  from
		 the  server to the ``NEWGROUPS'' command will be
		 used to determine when new groups are created.

		 When you run xrn with `fullNewsrc' disabled  for
		 the first time, any newsgroups created since the
		 last time you ran xrn will be ``missed'' by xrn.
		 To   verify   that   you   haven't   missed  any
		 interesting newsgroups because of  this,  enter
		 All  mode,  execute the `allToggle' command, and
		 page to the end of the newsgroup listing to  see
		 if  there  are any ``ignored'' groups there; if
		 there are and you wish to subscribe to them, you
		 can then do so.

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       -geometry WxH+X+Y
		 Specification	of   the  xrn	window	size  and
		 location.  The window	manager	 may  choose  to
		 ignore this specification.

       -iconGeometry +X+Y
		 Specification	of the initial xrn icon location.
		 The window manager may choose	to  ignore  this
		 specification.

       -iconName name

       -iconPixmap pixmap
		 Use  the  specified  xrn  icon name  or  pixmap
		 instead of the default.

       -ignoreNewsgroups list
		 A comma- or whitespace-separated list of regular
		 expressions  to  be matched against the server's
		 list of newsgroups.  Any newsgroup which matches
		 one  of  the  specified  regular  expressions is
		 treated  as  an  invalid  group.   For example,
		 specifying  a	list  containing "^talk\. ^rec\."
		 would cause all newsgroups  in the  "talk"  and
		 "rec"	hierarchies  to be ignored.  Note that if
		 you specify  -ignoreNewsgropus on  the	 command
		 line,	you  should  enclose  your list in single
		 quotes to  prevent  any  backslashes  and  other
		 special  characters in it from being interpreted
		 by the shell.	If,  on	 the	other  hand,  you
		 specify  it  in your X resources, you should put
		 two  backslashes  whenever  you  want	a  single
		 backslash  to	appear	in  a regular expression,
		 because  the  backslash  is  interpreted  as	a
		 quoting character when X resources are parsed.

       -includeCommand command
		 Use  an  alternate program for inserting current
		 article text when following up on,  replying  to
		 or  forwarding a  message.  `command' must be a
		 string in  sprintf  format  that  contains  two
		 `%s's, which	will  be  replaced by the include
		 prefix and  the  article  file	 name	(in  that
		 order).  Examples are:

		   sed -e 's/^/%s /' %s
		   xmh-insrt-repl -separator '%s' %s

		 The   command	provided  should  output  to  its
		 standard output the text to be included  in  the
		 message,  derived as desired from the prefix and
		 the contents of the article file.   The  command
		 will be executed using the bourne shell.

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       +/-includeHeader
		 Include or do not include the original header in
		 included  articles.   The  default  is to   not
		 include the header.

       -includePrefix prefix text
		 Change the  standard	prefix	for  each line of
		 included text from the default, "|>  ",  to  the
		 given text string.

       +/-includeSep
		 Include  or  do not include the prefix text ("|>
		 ") in front of included articles.   The  default
		 is to include the prefix text ("|> ").

       +/-info	Display	 all informative messages in the message
		 pane.	Defaults to display  all  information  in
		 the message pane.

       +/-killFiles
		 Turn  the use of kill files on/off.  The default
		 is on. See ``KILL FILE	 FORMAT''  below  for	a
		 description  of  the  format  of entries in kill
		 files.

       -leaveHeaders list
		 The header fields to leave  in the  article;	a
		 comma	separated  case-insensitive list of field
		 names (i.e.,  subject,from,organization).   This
		 option takes precedence over `stripHeaders'.  If
		 the word `all' is specified instead of a list of
		 fields,  then all headers will be retained (This
		 can be used in user X resources  to  override	a
		 resource specified in the global xrn application
		 defaults, or on the command line to  override	a
		 resource  specified  in  either  the application
		 defaults or the user X resources.).

       -lineLength len
		 Length of lines that are broken.  Default  is	0
		 characters.   If  set	to  0,	line  breaking is
		 disabled (see also 'breakLength').

       +/-localSignatures
		 If enabled, signature files are searched for  in
		 the same manner as local kill files, except that
		 the  file  searched  for  is  called	SIGNATURE
		 instead   of  KILL.   For  example,  to  find	a
		 signature    file    for    a	posting	    in
		 news.software.readers, xrn	will   look   for
		 `~/News/news/software/readers/SIGNATURE',
		 `~/News/news/software/SIGNATURE',
		 `~/News/news/SIGNATURE', and `~/News/SIGNATURE',
		 in that order, and use the first one it finds.

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       -lockFile file
		 Set  the XRN lock file name to `file'. Defaults
		 to `~/.xrnlock'.

       -mailer mailer
		 The command to use for mailing	 replies.   This
		 command   must take  all  of	it's  input  from
		 stardard input (xrn will  not	build  a  command
		 line). The  default	is `/usr/lib/sendmail -oi
		 -t'.

       -maxLines number
		 The maximum number of lines above the cursor  in
		 the  subject  line display, or, if negative, the
		 minimum number of lines below the  cursor.   The
		 default  is -2 (i.e., display at least two lines
		 below the cursor whenever possible).

       -minLines number
		 The minimum number of lines above the cursor  in
		 the  subject  line  display.	If  negative, the
		 subject line display scrolls only at the  bottom
		 and  only one line at a time.	The default is 3.

       -newsrcFile file
		 The   newsrc	file   to   use.    Defaults   to
		 `~/.newsrc'.	If a file with a name of the form
		 `<newsrcFile>-<nntpServer>' is found, it will be
		 used.

       -ngButtonList list
		 Use  the  given  list	of  buttons for Newsgroup
		 mode.	The format of ``list''	is  as	described
		 above for the -addButtonList option.

       -nntpServer hostname
		 The   NNTP  server  to use  (name  or	internet
		 number).

       -onlyShow number
		 Only grab the header information  for	the  last
		 'number'  of  articles in  each group.	 This is
		 useful if you have been away  for  a  while  and
		 only want to see that last 100 or so articles in
		 each group (and thus don't have  to  waste  time
		 having XRN fetch the subjects, authors, and line
		 counts for all the articles).

		 Note that although only the specified number  of
		 articles   are displayed   when   entering	a
		 newsgroup, the other  articles are  not  marked
		 read.	This means that if you enter a newsgroup
		 with onlyShow set, read the displayed	articles,
		 then  exit the newsgroup and enter it again, the

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

		 last block  of articles  before  that	will  be
		 displayed  to you.  If you want earlier articles
		 to  be marked	read  automatically,	use   the
		 `discardOld' option.

       -organization organization
		 Set   the  organization  name	in  postings  and
		 followups.  You can  also  set the  environment
		 variable ORGANIZATION (NEWSORG on Apollo) to set
		 the default organization name.

       +/-pageArticles
		 If enabled, then space bar in article mode  will
		 scroll the  current  article, or go to the next
		 article if at the end of  the	current article.
		 If disabled, then space bar in article mode will
		 always go  to	the  next  article.   Default  is
		 enabled.

       -pointerBackground color
		 Set  the  background  color of the mouse cursor.
		 The  default  color  is  whatever  the default
		 background color is for xrn.

       -pointerForeground color
		 Set  the  foreground  color of the mouse cursor.
		 The  default  color  is  whatever  the default
		 foreground color is for xrn.

       -prefetchMax number
		 Only	prefetch  newsgroups  with  at	most  the
		 specified number of unread articles.  If  number
		 is  0, then there is no limit, i.e., newsgroups
		 are  prefetched  regardless  of  the  number  of
		 unread articles in them.  The default is 0.

       -prefetchMinSpeed kbytes
		 Only  prefetch the next article if the speed of
		 the network link to the NNTP server  is  greater
		 than  kbytes  kilobytes per second.  The default
		 is 3 kilobytes per second.  If set  to	 0,  the
		 next	article will	always	be  prefetched,
		 regardless of the network link speed.

       -printCommand command
		 Set the command used for printing articles.  The
		 article  is  sent  to	the  command via standard
		 input. Defaults to `lpr'.

       -replyTo name
		 Set the Reply-To field for  articles	and  mail
		 messages.

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       +/-rescanOnEnter
		 Check with the news server for new articles in a
		 newsgroup when entering  it,  rather  than  only
		 checking  for	new  articles when rescanning all
		 newsgroups.   By  default,   this   feature   is
		 disabled.

		 Enabling   this   feature   has   two	potential
		 disadvantages: (1)  It	 can  cause   a	  slight
		 additional   delay  when  entering  a	newsgroup
		 (although  this  delay is  mostly  unnoticeable
		 except when the newsgroup has an extremely large
		 number of unread articles in  it),  and  a  more
		 noticeable delay when using "Next group" or "Fed
		 up" in article mode after selecting  "List  old"
		 in   newsgroup mode;	(2)  It can  cause  some
		 confusion, e.g.,  when you  enter  a	newsgroup
		 believing  that there are no unread articles and
		 therefore  you will  be  shown	 the  last  read
		 article,  and	instead you are shown new unread
		 articles,  or	when  you   enter   a	newsgroup
		 expecting   to see  five  unread  articles  and
		 instead see ten.

		 On the other hand, this feature  allows  you  to
		 see   new   articles  in  a  specific	newsgroup
		 immediately, without rescanning for new articles
		 in  all  newsgroups.	Some  people  prefer this
		 behavior, despite  the disadvantages	mentioned
		 above.

       -rescanTime time
		 Amount of idle time (in seconds) before checking
		 for new articles automatically.  A  rescan  time
		 of  0	means  never to check automatically.  The
		 default  (unless  configured  differently   when
		 compiling   xrn)   is	0   (i.e.,  never  check
		 automatically).

       +/-resetSave
		 Reset the string in the 'save' dialog	box  upon
		 entering each newsgroup.

       -saveDir dir
		 The   article	saving	directory.   Defaults  to
		 `~/News' when -saveMode specifies  `onedir',  or
		 `~/News/newsgroup'   when   -saveMode	specifies
		 `subdirs'.

       -saveMode mode
		 The mode for saving articles; a comma	separated
		 list  of  options.  The options can be `mailbox'
		 or  `normal',	`headers'  or  `noheaders',   and
		 `onedir'    or `subdirs'.	The   default  is

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

		 `normal,headers,onedir'.

       -saveNewsrcFile file
		 The  saved  `.newsrc'	filename.    Before   the
		 `.newsrc'  file  is  modified	on startup, it is
		 saved	in   a	backup	 file.	  Defaults   to
		 `~/.oldnewsrc'.

       -savePostings file
		 The  name  of the file in which to save postings
		 and messages  (via  the  `save'  button  in  the
		 composition  window).	Defaults to `~/Articles'.

       -saveString string
		 Use 'string' as the default in the 'save' dialog
		 box.

       -signatureFile file
		 The   signature   file to  use.   Defaults  to
		 `~/.signature'.

       +/-signatureNotify
		 When sending mail or posting, display a  message
		 saying which signature file is being used.

       +/-sortedSubjects
		 Display  the subject lines in the subject window
		 sorted by subject.

       +/-stayInArticleMode
		 If enabled,  then  a  number  of  operations  in
		 article   mode (including   unsubscribe,  next
		 article, previous article, subject next, subject
		 prev, session kill, author kill, subject search,
		 and continue search) will attempt to go  to  the
		 next  newsgroup  when	they  would normally exit
		 article mode.	Disabled by default.

       -stripHeaders list
		 The header fields to strip from the  article;	a
		 comma	separated  case-insensitive list of field
		 names (i.e., keywords,message-id).  If the  word
		 `none' is specified instead of a list of fields,
		 then no headers will be stripped  (This  can  be
		 used  in user X resources to override a resource
		 specified  in	the   global	xrn   application
		 defaults,  or	on the command line to override a
		 resource specified  in either	the  application
		 defaults or the user X resources.).

       +/-subjectRead
		 When  using  the  space  bar  to scroll, when an
		 article is  finished,	the  space-bar	scrolling
		 invokes subject next instead of next unread.

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       +/-subjectScrollBack
		 If  enabled  (which  is  the  default), then the
		 subject index in article mode will always scroll
		 to  display the current article after operations
		 on other articles in the index.  For example, if
		 you  use  the	scroll	bar  to scroll to several
		 articles that you want to  save,  highlight  the
		 articles  and	click on the ``Save'' button, xrn
		 will scroll back to  the  current  article  when
		 done saving.  If disabled, then xrn will attempt
		 to maintain the position you  scrolled to  even
		 after performing an operation on other articles.
		 Note, however, that  this  may result	in  some
		 flickering   of   the	subject	 index,	 due  to
		 unavoidable ``disagreements''	between how  xrn
		 and  the  Athena Text widget think things should
		 work.

       -tmpDir directory
		 The directory to use for the  temporary  storage
		 of   articles	fetched from  the  server.   The
		 default is `/tmp'.  Note  that the  environment
		 variable ``TMPDIR'', if it is set, will override
		 this option (or the default value).

       -topLines number
		 The number of lines to be used for  the  subject
		 list in article mode.	The default is 10.

       +/-typeAhead
		 Allow/disallow typeahead.   Defaults	to  allow
		 typeahead.

       -unreadIconName name

       -unreadIconPixmap pixmap
		 When there is unread news and xrn is  iconified,
		 set  the  icon name  and/or pixmap as specified
		 instead of using the default.

       +/-updateNewsrc
		 Update the  newsrc  file  when leaving	 Article
		 mode.

       -verboseKill actions
		 By  default,  when  processing KILL  files, the
		 subject of each article  that	is  marked  read,
		 marked unread,	 or  saved  is	displayed, and a
		 summary of all such articles is  displayed  when
		 done  processing  the	KILL  file.   This option
		 allows you  to	 select	  which	  subjects   and
		 summaries  to	display.   The	actions specified
		 should contain one or more of "l", "j", "m"  and
		 "s".	"l"  means  to	display	 each	KILL-file

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		 pattern  as  it  is  processed.   "j"	means  to
		 display articles that are marked read, "m" means
		 to display articles that are marked unread,  and
		 "s"  means  to display articles that are saved.
		 If actions is	empty,	then  no  information  is
		 displayed when processing KILL files.

       -watchUnread list
		 Only  check  for  unread news in groups matching
		 one  of  the  listed  regular	expressions  when
		 determining  whether  to display the unread icon
		 name  and/or	pixmap. The	listed	regular
		 expressions  can  be  separated by spaces, tabs,
		 commas and/or newlines.

KILL FILE FORMAT
       xrn supports a subset of the kill-file commands	supported
       by  rn(1).  For compatibility with rn, lines in kill files
       beginning with ``THRU'' or ``&'' are ignored.  Any line in
       the  format ``/pattern/options:command'' is interpreted as
       a kill-file command; its components are:

       pattern
	      A regular expression which is matched  against  the
	      authors  and  subjects  of articles to determine to
	      which  articles  ``command''  should  be	applied.
	      Slashes  in  the expression should be quoted with a
	      backslash to prevent them from being interpreted as
	      the end of the expression.

       options
	      Interpreted by rn, but ignored by xrn.

       command
	      A single	letter,	 either	 `j'  (mark  the article
	      read), `m' (mark the article unread), or `s'  (save
	      the  article  in	the  default  save  file  for the
	      newsgroup).

       Any line not in one of the already mentioned formats  will
       cause xrn to display an error.

X RESOURCES
       xrn   supports	some   X   resources  that  do	not  have
       corresponding command line  arguments  (however, see  the
       documentation  of  the  -xrm command line argument in X(1)
       for information about setting  any  X  resource	from  the
       command line):

       buttonsOnTop
		 By  default,  xrn  arranges its window in such a
		 way that button  boxes are  below  the	 display
		 areas	they  affect.  However, some users do not
		 like  this  behavior  because	it   causes   the

X		      1998/01/08 20:46:19		     30

XRN(1)							XRN(1)

		 frequently   used   buttons  to  be  located  in
		 different areas of the xrn window  in	different
		 modes.

		 If  "buttonsOnTop"  is set to True, then button
		 boxes will be placed above, rather  than  below,
		 the   display	areas  they  affect.   They  most
		 significant result is that the most  frequently
		 used  buttons	will  always be at the top of the
		 xrn  window,  rather  than  changing	positions
		 depending on the mode.

       cacheActive
		 By  default,  xrn  fetches a full newsgroup list
		 from the NNTP server when it starts up and every
		 time	you   execute	the  "ngRescan" command.
		 However, this can take a long time  if you  are
		 using	a slow NNTP server, or if you are using a
		 server with a very large number  of  newsgroups,
		 or  if you are talking to the NNTP server over a
		 slow network  (e.g.,  a  SLIP	or  PPP Internet
		 connection).

		 In   such   a	situation,   you   can	set  the
		 "cacheActive" resource to True, which will cause
		 xrn  to  cache the newsgroup list.  It will only
		 retrieve a complete  list  from  the  server  if
		 either (a)  it	 encounters  a newsgroup that it
		 can't find  in its  cache  (in	 some	of  these
		 situations,  it  will	ask  you for confirmation
		 before fetching the list, but in  some it  will
		 not),	or   (b)  you	execute the  "ngGetList"
		 command.

		 When "cacheActive" is True, then the  "ngRescan"
		 command  does a group-by-group rescan instead of
		 retrieving a full newsgroup  list;  furthermore,
		 it  does the rescan in the background instead of
		 pausing xrn for more information.

		 See also the  "fullNewsrc"  command-line  option
		 and  resource, which	you  may  wish	to use in
		 conjunction with "cacheActive" to prevent  xrn's
		 cache file from becoming too large.

       domainName
		 Your  internet domain	(e.g.,	".Berkeley.EDU",
		 ".orst.edu").	Equivalent to setting the  DOMAIN
		 environment  variable. You probably don't have
		 to specify this; if you do, xrn will tell you so
		 when you try to post or send mail.

       hiddenHost
		 The  host  name  which you wish to appear in the

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		 "From" lines of messages you compose.	Note that
		 your real host name (or, at least, xrn's idea of
		 your real host name) may appear  in  a "Sender"
		 line  in  your messages, regardless of what you
		 specify for this resource.

		 This resource is overridden by the  "HIDDENHOST"
		 environment variable (see below).

       warnings.followup.followupTo (class warnings.Followup)
		 By  default, when you start composing a followup
		 to a previous message, xrn will warn you if  the
		 default  `Newsgroups'	line  of your followup is
		 different from the  `Newsgroups'  line	 of  the
		 previous message because of a `Followup-To' line
		 in that message.  To disable this  warning,  set
		 this resource to `False' or the class to `0'.

       warnings.followup.crossPost (class warnings.Followup)
		 By  default, when you start composing a followup
		 to a previous message, xrn will warn you if your
		 followup   is	being  cross-posted  to multiple
		 newsgroups.  If you set this  resource to  `0',
		 this warning will be disabled completely; if you
		 set it to a non-zero value,  this  warning  will
		 occur only if your article is being cross-posted
		 to that many groups or more.

       warnings.posting.crossPost (class warnings.Posting)
		 This resource controls the number of  newsgroups
		 in  the Newsgroups line of your posting at which
		 xrn will suggest that you  remove  some  groups.
		 The  default  is  10.	See "COMPOSING MESSAGES",
		 above, for more information.

       warnings.posting.followupTo (class warnings.Posting)
		 This resource controls the number of  newsgroups
		 in  the  Newsgroups and Followup-To line of your
		 posting at  which  xrn will  suggest	that  you
		 remove some.	The default is 5.  See "COMPOSING
		 MESSAGES", above, for more information.

       Furthermore, xrn takes  a  number  of  specifications  for
       colors,	fonts,	border widths, and other program options.
       The format for an xrn X resource is

			 xrn.x.y....z.a: value

       where x.y....z specifies the path from the  top	level  of
       xrn  to	a particular item (think of xrn as a hierarchical
       collection of windows, panes, and buttons, and x.y....z is
       a  path	from  the  top	of the hierarchy to a node in the
       hierarchy), a is the type of default (i.e., font,  border,
       foreground,  background, borderWidth),	and  value is the

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       value  of  the  default	(i.e,.	a  color  name	or   hex
       representation, a font name, a numeric value).  Specifying
       a default for a item at some point in the  hierarchy  will
       set that default for all items from that point down in the
       hierarchy.  A higher level default can  be  overridden  by
       specifying a default at a lower level directly.

       XRN widget hierarchy:
       vpane (Paned)
	 titlebar (Label)  (optional)
	 index (Text)
	 indexinfo (Label)
	 indexbuttons (Box)
	     buttonName (Command)
	 articleText (Text)
	 textinfo (Label)
	 textbuttons (Box)
	     buttonName (Command)

       Composition (Shell)
	 vpane (Paned)
	   label (Label)
	   text (Text)
	   box (Box)
	      abort (Command)
	      send (Command)
	      save (Command)
	      includeArticle (Command)
	      includeFile (Command)

       dialogs...

       Examples of defaults are:
	  #
	  xrn.newsrcFile:	  ~/.newsrc
	  xrn.nntpServer:	  pasteur
	  xrn.organization:   UC Berkeley XRN Design Team
	  xrn.replyTo:	user@machine.domain
	  xrn.iconGeometry:   +64+521
	  xrn.leaveHeaders:   subject,from
	  xrn.includeHeader:  off
	  xrn.signatureFile:  ~/.signature
	  xrn.geometry: =750x770+10+10
	  xrn.deadLetters:    ~/dead.letter
	  xrn.savePostings:   ~/Articles
	  xrn.topLines: 9
	  xrn.saveMode: mailbox,headers,onedir
	  xrn.minLines: 3
	  xrn.maxLines: 6
	  xrn.tmpDir:	 /tmp
	  xrn.mailer:	 /usr/lib/sendmail -oi -t
	  #
	  xrn.Gripe.geometry: +50+50
	  #

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

	  xrn.ngButtonList: ngQuit,ngRead,ngCatchUp,ngRescan,ngSubscribe,ngPost
	  xrn.artButtonList: artQuit,artNextUnread,artCatchUp,artPost,artNextGroup
	  #
	  xrn*background:	  plum
	  xrn*foreground:	  red
	  xrn*font:	9x15
	  xrn*border:	 LightGray
	  #
	  xrn*Text*Background:	DarkSlateGray
	  xrn*Text*Foreground:	yellow
	  xrn*ScrollBarMgr.thickness: 22
	  xrn*ScrollBar.background: DarkSlateGray
	  xrn*ScrollBar.foreground: yellow
	  xrn*ScrollBar.border: White
	  xrn*Label.background:		cyan
	  xrn*Label.foreground:		blue
	  xrn*Command.foreground:	White
	  xrn*Command.background:	coral
	  #
	  xrn*Box.ngQuit.foreground:	Black
	  xrn*Box.ngQuit.background:	red
	  #
	  xrn*dialog*font:	 9x15
	  xrn*dialog*background:	LimeGreen
	  xrn*dialog*foreground:	CornflowerBlue
	  xrn*dialog*Label.foreground:	NavyBlue
	  xrn*dialog*Command.foreground:     Black
	  xrn*dialog*Command.background:     yellow
	  xrn*dialog*Text.background:	Wheat
	  xrn*dialog*Text.foreground:	SteelBlue
	  xrn*dialog*borderWidth:	2
	  #

FILES
       ~/.newsrc[-hostname]
		      description  of the groups and the articles
		      read in each group

       ~/.xrncache-hostname
		      internal	cache  containing  xrn	variable
		      settings and/or cached newsgroup data

       ~/.oldnewsrc   backup of ~/.newsrc (created at startup)

       ~/.signature*  signatures for use when sending messages

       ~/News	 directory where articles are saved

       ~/Articles     where  `saved'  postings	and  messages are
		      stored

       ~/dead.letter  where  failed  postings  and  messages  are
		      stored

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XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       ~/.xrnlock     lock file

       /usr/lib/sendmail -oi -t command for sending mail

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       NNTPSERVER hostname of the news server

       TMPDIR	temporary directory

       DOMAIN	name	of your internet domain (".Berkeley.EDU",
		  ".orst.edu")

       HIDDENHOST full domain-style name of  the  host	that  you
		  want	your  return  path  to	be  from  (e.g.,
		  "decvax.dec.com", "Berkeley.EDU")

       HIDDENPATH name of the host that you want put in the  Path
		  field of messages

       USER	login name of the user

       HOME	home directory of the user

       FULLNAME full	name of the user, used for the From field
		  of messages

SEE ALSO
       emacs(1), readnews(1), rn(1), sh(1) sprintf(3),	vnews(1),
       X(1), nntpd(8)

COMMENTS
       The  name  (xrn) is a bit of a misnomer.	 xrn is not an X
       interface to `rn' (the terminal-based news reading program
       by Larry Wall), but is an X-based news reader that has had
       part of the functionality of `rn' added since a number  of
       our users are (were?) `rn' users (all of the code is new).
       Much of the `rn' funcionality that xrn currently has  was
       not in the original plan (KILL files, for example).

       The  user interface look and feel is modeled after that of
       `XMH' (by Terry Weissman).

       The `.newsrc' file is  updated  on  executing  the  `quit'
       command	in  Newsgroup mode, during every `rescan', and by
       `checkpoint'.  If the `updateNewsrc' option  is	set,  the
       `.newsrc'  file will be updated every time Article mode is
       exited.

       xrn catches signals and X errors and  will  clean  up  on
       error  exit  (remove temporary files, update the `.newsrc'
       file).  The cleanup will be done and then a death notifier

X		      1998/01/08 20:46:19		     35

XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       box will be posted (if the signal is SIGHUP or SIGINT, the
       death notifier will be skipped and the program will exit).
       The  "click  to	exit" button must be pressed in the death
       notifier box for the program to exit.

       XREFS are handled by xrn, however only articles	that  are
       actually read (not marked as read by 'catchup' or 'mark as
       read') have their XREFS chased and only	groups	that  are
       currently  subscribed  to  have	XREFed articles marked as
       read.

       The default specifications for  color  and  fonts  can  be
       confusing  (thousands  of  different  X	resources  can be
       specified for xrn, no two users' xrn displays need  to  be
       the same).

       xrn uses the XHDR command of the Berkeley NNTP news server
       (XHDR is not part of the protocol  defined  by  RFC  977).
       xrn  will detect the presence of this command and complain
       if it does not exist.

       Since the NNTP protocol does not define a unique response
       code  for server timeout, timeout recovery may not work if
       the format of the timeout error message changes.

       xrn assumes a mailer that  understands  domain-based  mail
       addresses.

       xrn  notices  that  the `.newsrc' file has been updated by
       another program while xrn is running and informs the  user
       (and  gives  the user the option to quit without updating
       the `.newsrc' or to continue on).

       Article temporary  files can  be	 removed  and	xrn  will
       recover.

       xrn strips `<character>^H' from articles.

       The  v{f,s}printf implementation included with xrn is from
       Robert A. Larson <blarson@skat.usc.edu>.

       The strtok implementation included with xrn is from  Henry
       Spencer <henry@zoo.toronto.edu>.

       PointerForeground  is  the  resource name for the color of
       the   cursor   (pointer).    Some   other   programs   use
       PointerColor/CursorColor.

BUGS
       See TODO for a larger list of bugs and things that need to
       be done.

       Incomplete  KILL file  support:	the  THRU  line	 is  not
       updated, the only actions supported are 'm', 'j', and 's',

X		      1998/01/08 20:46:19		     36

XRN(1)							XRN(1)

       and matching is always done against both the ``From:'' and
       ``Subject:'' lines of postings.

       See  config.h  for  a  list of defines you may want to use
       based on problems that may exist in your version	 of  the
       X11 toolkit and widgets.

       See  COMMON-PROBLMS  for a  list	 of  common problems and
       solutions to the problems.

       Report	bugs	and	requests    for features    to
       `bug-xrn@cam.ov.com'.

       Requests to be placed on the xrn users mailing list should
       be sent to `xrn-users-request@cam.ov.com'.  The only thing
       that  comes  across  this mailing list is announcements of
       new releases and patches for  serious  problems	so  don't
       expect very much traffic.

AUTHORS
       Jonathan Kamens (OpenVision Technologies, jik@cam.ov.com)

       Ellen M Sentovich (UC Berkeley, ellen@ic.berkeley.edu)

       Rick L Spickelmier (formerly UC Berkeley, now Objectivity,
       Inc., ricks@berkeley.edu, ricks@objy.com)

       See  the ChangeLog  file	 for  other  people   who   have
       contributed to xrn.

X		      1998/01/08 20:46:19		     37

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