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WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

NAME
       winbindd	 - Name Service Switch daemon for resolving names
       from NT servers

SYNOPSIS
       nmblookup [ -d debuglevel ]  [ -i ]  [ -S ]  [ -r ]  [  -A
       ]   [  -h  ]   [	 -B  <broadcast address> ]  [ -U <unicast
       address> ]  [ -d <debug level> ]	 [ -s <smb config file> ]
       [ -i <NetBIOS scope> ]  [ -T ]  name

DESCRIPTION
       This  tool  is  part  of	 the   Sambasuite version 3.0 and
       describes functionality not yet implemented  in	the  main
       version of Samba.

       winbindd	 is a daemon that provides a service for the Name
       Service Switch capability that is present in most modern C
       libraries.  The Name Service Switch allows user and system
       information to be obtained from different  databases  ser-
       vices  such as NIS or DNS. The exact behaviour can be con-
       figured throught the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.   Users  and
       groups  are  allocated  as they are resolved to a range of
       user and group ids specified by the administrator  of  the
       Samba system.

       The  service  provided by winbindd is called `winbind' and
       can be used to resolve user and group information  from	a
       Windows	NT server. The service can also provide authenti-
       cation services via an associated PAM module.

       The following nsswitch databases are  implemented  by  the
       winbindd service:

       passwd User   information   traditionally  stored  in  the
	      passwd(5) file and used by getpwent(3) functions.

       group  Group  information  traditionally	 stored	 in   the
	      group(5) file and used by getgrent(3) functions.

       For  example,  the  following  simple configuration in the
       /etc/nsswitch.conf file can be used to  initially  resolve
       user and group information from /etc/passwd and /etc/group
       and then from the Windows NT server.

       passwd:	       files winbind
       group:	       files winbind

OPTIONS

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WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

       -d debuglevel
	      Sets the debuglevel to an	 integer  between  0  and
	      100. 0 is for no debugging and 100 is for reams and
	      reams. To submit a bug report to	the  Samba  Team,
	      use debug level 100 (see BUGS.txt).

       -i     Tells  winbindd  to  not become a daemon and detach
	      from the current terminal. This option is	 used  by
	      developers  when	interactive debugging of winbindd
	      is required.

NAME AND ID RESOLUTION
       Users and groups on a Windows NT	 server	 are  assigned	a
       relative	 id (rid) which is unique for the domain when the
       user or group is created. To convert the Windows	 NT  user
       or group into a unix user or group, a mapping between rids
       and unix user and group ids is required. This  is  one  of
       the jobs that  winbindd performs.

       As  winbindd  users and groups are resolved from a server,
       user and group ids are allocated from a	specified  range.
       This is done on a first come, first served basis, although
       all existing users and groups will be mapped as soon as	a
       client  performs	 a user or group enumeration command. The
       allocated unix ids are stored in a database file under the
       Samba lock directory and will be remembered.

       WARNING:	 The rid to unix id database is the only location
       where the user and group mappings are stored by	winbindd.
       If  this file is deleted or corrupted, there is no way for
       winbindd to determine which user and group ids  correspond
       to Windows NT user and group rids.

CONFIGURATION
       Configuration  of the winbindd daemon is done through con-
       figuration parameters in the smb.conf(5) file. All parame-
       ters  should  be	 specified  in	the  [global]  section of
       smb.conf.

       winbind separator
	      The winbind separator option allows you to  specify
	      how  NT  domain  names  and user names are combined
	      into unix user names when presented  to  users.  By
	      default, winbindd will use the traditional '\' sep-
	      arator so	 that  the  unix  user	names  look  like
	      DOMAIN\username. In some cases this separator char-
	      acter may cause problems as the '\'  character  has
	      special  meaning	in  unix shells. In that case you
	      can use the winbind separator option to specify  an
	      alternative  separator character. Good alternatives
	      may be '/' (although that conflicts with	the  unix
	      directory	 separator)  or a '+ 'character.  The '+'
	      character appears to be the best	choice	for  100%
	      compatibility with existing unix utilities, but may

			   09 July 2001				2

WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

	      be an aesthetically bad choice  depending	 on  your
	      taste.

	      Default: winbind separator = \

	      Example: winbind separator = +

       winbind uid
	      The  winbind  uid	 parameter specifies the range of
	      user ids that are allocated by the winbindd daemon.
	      This  range of ids should have no existing local or
	      NIS users within it as strange conflicts can  occur
	      otherwise.

	      Default: winbind uid = <empty string>

	      Example: winbind uid = 10000-20000

       winbind gid
	      The  winbind  gid	 parameter specifies the range of
	      group ids that are allocated by the  winbindd  dae-
	      mon.  This range of group ids should have no exist-
	      ing local or NIS groups within it as  strange  con-
	      flicts can occur otherwise.

	      Default: winbind gid = <empty string>

	      Example: winbind gid = 10000-20000

       winbind cache time
	      This  parameter specifies the number of seconds the
	      winbindd daemon will cache user and group	 informa-
	      tion  before  querying  a	 Windows NT server again.
	      When a item in the cache is older	 than  this  time
	      winbindd	will  ask  the	domain controller for the
	      sequence number of the server's  account	database.
	      If  the  sequence	 number	 has not changed then the
	      cached item is marked as valid for a  further  win-
	      bind  cache  time	 seconds.  Otherwise  the item is
	      fetched from the server. This means that as long as
	      the  account database is not actively changing win-
	      bindd will only have to send  one	 sequence  number
	      query packet every winbind cache time seconds.

	      Default: winbind cache time = 15

       winbind enum users
	      On  large installations it may be necessary to sup-
	      press the enumeration of users through  the   setp-
	      went(),  getpwent()  and endpwent() group of system
	      calls. If	 the  winbind  enum  users  parameter  is
	      false,  calls  to the getpwent system call will not
	      return any data.

			   09 July 2001				3

WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

	      Warning: Turning off  user  enumeration  may  cause
	      some  programs  to  behave  oddly. For example, the
	      finger program relies on having access to the  full
	      user list when searching for matching usernames.

	      Default: winbind enum users = yes

       winbind enum groups
	      On  large installations it may be necessary to sup-
	      press the enumeration of groups through  the   set-
	      grent(),	getgrent() and endgrent() group of system
	      calls. If the  winbind  enum  groups  parameter  is
	      false, calls to the getgrent() system call will not
	      return any data.

	      Warning: Turning off group  enumeration  may  cause
	      some programs to behave oddly.

	      Default: winbind enum groups = no

       template homedir
	      When filling out the user information for a Windows
	      NT user, the winbindd daemon uses this parameter to
	      fill  in	the home directory for that user.  If the
	      string %D is present it  is  substituted	with  the
	      user's  Windows NT domain name. If the string %U is
	      present it is substituted with the  user's  Windows
	      NT user name.

	      Default: template homedir = /home/%D/%U

       template shell
	      When filling out the user information for a Windows
	      NT user, the winbindd daemon uses this parameter to
	      fill in the shell for that user.

	      Default: template shell = /bin/false

EXAMPLE SETUP
       To  setup winbindd for user and group lookups plus authen-
       tication from a domain controller use something	like  the
       following  setup.  This	was  tested on a RedHat 6.2 Linux
       box.

       In /etc/nsswitch.conf put the following:

       passwd:	   files winbind
       group:	   files winbind

       In /etc/pam.d/* replace the auth lines with something like
       this:

			   09 July 2001				4

WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

       auth	  required /lib/security/pam_securetty.so
       auth	  required /lib/security/pam_nologin.so
       auth	  sufficient	/lib/security/pam_winbind.so
       auth	  required     /lib/security/pam_pwdb.so use_first_pass shadow nullok

       Note  in	 particular the use of the sufficient keyword and
       the use_first_pass keyword.

       Now replace the account lines with this:

       account required /lib/security/pam_winbind.so

       The next step is to join the domain. To do  that	 use  the
       samedit program like this:

       samedit -S '*' -W DOMAIN -UAdministrator

       The  username after the -U can be any Domain user that has
       administrator privileges on the machine. Next from  within
       samedit, run the command:

       createuser MACHINE$ -j DOMAIN -L

       This assumes your domain is called "DOMAIN" and your Samba
       workstation is called "MACHINE".

       Next copy libnss_winbind.so to /lib and pam_winbind.so  to
       /lib/security.  A  symbolic  link  needs	 to  be made from
       /lib/libnss_winbind.so to /lib/libnss_winbind.so.2. If you
       are using an older version of glibc then the target of the
       link should be /lib/libnss_winbind.so.1.

       Finally, setup a smb.conf containing directives	like  the
       following:

       [global]
	    winbind separator = +
	       winbind cache time = 10
	       template shell = /bin/bash
	       template homedir = /home/%D/%U
	       winbind uid = 10000-20000
	       winbind gid = 10000-20000
	       workgroup = DOMAIN
	       security = domain
	       password server = *

       Now  start winbindd and you should find that your user and
       group database is expanded to include your  NT  users  and
       groups,	and  that  you	can  login  to your unix box as a

			   09 July 2001				5

WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

       domain user, using the DOMAIN+user syntax  for  the  user-
       name.  You  may wish to use the commands getent passwd and
       getent group to confirm the correct operation of winbindd.

NOTES
       The  following  notes are useful when configuring and run-
       ning winbindd:

       nmbd must be running on the local machine for winbindd  to
       work. winbindd queries the list of trusted domains for the
       Windows	NT  server  on	startup	 and  when  a  SIGHUP  is
       received. Thus, for a running  winbindd to become aware of
       new trust relationships between servers, it must be sent a
       SIGHUP signal.

       Client processes resolving names through the winbindd nss-
       witch module read an  environment  variable  named   $WIN-
       BINDD_DOMAIN.  If this variable contains a comma separated
       list of Windows NT domain names, then winbindd  will  only
       resolve	users and groups within those Windows NT domains.

       PAM is really easy to misconfigure.  Make  sure	you  know
       what you are doing when modifying PAM configuration files.
       It is possible to set up PAM such that you can  no  longer
       log into your system.

       If more than one UNIX machine is running winbindd, then in
       general the user and groups ids allocated by winbindd will
       not be the same. The user and group ids will only be valid
       for the local machine.

       If the the Windows NT RID to UNIX user and group	 id  map-
       ping  file  is damaged or destroyed then the mappings will
       be lost.

SIGNALS
       The following signals can be used to manipulate	the  win-
       bindd daemon.

       SIGHUP Reload the smb.conf(5) file and apply any parameter
	      changes to the running version  of  winbindd.  This
	      signal also clears any cached user and group infor-
	      mation. The list of other domains trusted	 by  win-
	      bindd is also reloaded.

       SIGUSR1
	      The  SIGUSR1  signal  will cause	winbindd to write
	      status information to the winbind log file  includ-
	      ing  information about the number of user and group
	      ids allocated by winbindd.

	      Log files are stored in the filename  specified  by
	      the log file parameter.

			   09 July 2001				6

WINBINDD(8)					      WINBINDD(8)

FILES
       /etc/nsswitch.conf(5)
	      Name service switch configuration file.

       /tmp/.winbindd/pipe
	      The  UNIX	 pipe over which clients communicate with
	      the winbindd program.  For  security  reasons,  the
	      winbind  client will only attempt to connect to the
	      winbindd daemon if both the  /tmp/.winbindd  direc-
	      tory  and	 /tmp/.winbindd/pipe  file  are	 owned by
	      root.

       /lib/libnss_winbind.so.X
	      Implementation of name service switch library.

       $LOCKDIR/winbindd_idmap.tdb
	      Storage for the Windows NT rid to	 UNIX  user/group
	      id  mapping.  The	 lock directory is specified when
	      Samba is initially compiled using the  --with-lock-
	      dir   option.    This   directory	  is  by  default
	      /usr/local/samba/var/locks .

       $LOCKDIR/winbindd_cache.tdb
	      Storage for cached user and group information.

VERSION
       This man page is correct for  version  2.2  of  the  Samba
       suite.  winbindd	 is  however  not available in the stable
       release of Samba as of yet.

SEE ALSO
       nsswitch.conf(5), samba(7), wbinfo(1), smb.conf(5)

AUTHOR
       The original Samba software  and	 related  utilities  were
       created	by Andrew Tridgell. Samba is now developed by the
       Samba Team as an Open Source project similar  to	 the  way
       the Linux kernel is developed.

       wbinfo and winbindd were written by Tim Potter.

       The conversion to DocBook for Samba 2.2 was done by Gerald
       Carter

			   09 July 2001				7

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