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vncviewer(1)			   TightVNC			  vncviewer(1)

NAME
       vncviewer - an X viewer client for VNC

SYNOPSIS
       vncviewer [options] [host][:display]
       vncviewer [options] [host][::port]
       vncviewer [options] -listen [display]
       vncviewer -help

DESCRIPTION
       vncviewer  is  an Xt-based client application for the VNC (Virtual Net‐
       work Computing) system. It can connect  to  any	VNC-compatible	server
       such  as Xvnc or WinVNC, allowing you to control desktop environment of
       a different machine.

       You can use F8 to display a pop-up utility menu. Press F8 twice to pass
       single F8 to the remote side.

OPTIONS
       -help  Prints a short usage notice to stderr.

       -listen
	      Make  the viewer listen on port 5500+display for reverse connec‐
	      tions from a server. WinVNC supports reverse  connections	 using
	      the  "Add	 New Client" menu option, or the -connect command line
	      option. Xvnc requires the use of the helper program vncconnect.

       -via gateway
	      Automatically create encrypted TCP tunnel to the gateway machine
	      before  connection,  connect  to	the  host  through that tunnel
	      (TightVNC-specific). By default, this option invokes  SSH	 local
	      port forwarding, assuming that SSH client binary can be accessed
	      as /usr/bin/ssh. Note that when using the -via option, the  host
	      machine  name  should  be	 specified  as	known  to  the gateway
	      machine, e.g.  "localhost" denotes the gateway, not the  machine
	      where  vncviewer was launched. See the ENVIRONMENT section below
	      for the information on configuring the -via option.

       -shared
	      When connecting, specify that a shared connection is  requested.
	      In TightVNC, this is the default mode, allowing you to share the
	      desktop with other clients already using it.

       -noshared
	      When connecting, specify that the session	 may  not  be  shared.
	      This  would  either disconnect other connected clients or refuse
	      your connection, depending on the server configuration.

       -viewonly
	      Disable transfer of mouse and keyboard events from the client to
	      the server.

       -fullscreen
	      Start  in	 full-screen  mode.  Please be aware that operating in
	      full-screen mode may confuse X window managers. Typically,  such
	      conflicts	 cause	incorrect  handling of input focus or make the
	      viewer window disappear mysteriously. See the grabKeyboard  set‐
	      ting  in the RESOURCES section below for a method to solve input
	      focus problem.

       -noraiseonbeep
	      By default, the viewer shows and raises  its  window  on	remote
	      beep   (bell)   event.   This  option  disables  such  behaviour
	      (TightVNC-specific).

       -user username
	      User name for Unix login authentication. Default is to use  cur‐
	      rent  Unix  user name. If this option was given, the viewer will
	      prefer Unix login authentication over the standard VNC authenti‐
	      cation.

       -passwd passwd-file
	      File  from  which	 to get the password (as generated by the vnc‐
	      passwd(1) program). This option affects only  the	 standard  VNC
	      authentication.

       -encodings encoding-list
	      TightVNC	supports  several  different  compression  methods  to
	      encode screen updates; this option specifies a set  of  them  to
	      use  in  order  of preference. Encodings are specified separated
	      with spaces, and must thus be enclosed in quotes	if  more  than
	      one  is  specified.  Available encodings, in default order for a
	      remote connection, are "copyrect tight hextile  zlib  corre  rre
	      raw".  For a local connection (to the same machine), the default
	      order to try is "raw copyrect tight hextile zlib corre rre". Raw
	      encoding is always assumed as a last option if no other encoding
	      can be used for some reason. For more information on  encodings,
	      see the section ENCODINGS below.

       -bgr233
	      Always  use the BGR233 format to encode pixel data. This reduces
	      network traffic, but colors may be represented inaccurately. The
	      bgr233 format is an 8-bit "true color" format, with 2 bits blue,
	      3 bits green, and 3 bits red.

       -owncmap
	      Try to use a PseudoColor visual and  a  private  colormap.  This
	      allows the VNC server to control the colormap.

       -truecolour, -truecolor
	      Try to use a TrueColor visual.

       -depth depth
	      On an X server which supports multiple TrueColor visuals of dif‐
	      ferent depths, attempt to use the specified  one	(in  bits  per
	      pixel); if successful, this depth will be requested from the VNC
	      server.

       -compresslevel level
	      Use specified compression level (0..9) for  "tight"  and	"zlib"
	      encodings	 (TightVNC-specific). Level 1 uses minimum of CPU time
	      and achieves weak compression ratios, while level 9 offers  best
	      compression  but is slow in terms of CPU time consumption on the
	      server side. Use high levels with very slow network connections,
	      and  low levels when working over high-speed LANs. It's not rec‐
	      ommended to use compression level 0,  reasonable	choices	 start
	      from the level 1.

       -quality level
	      Use  the	specified  JPEG	 quality  level (0..9) for the "tight"
	      encoding (TightVNC-specific). Quality level 0 denotes bad	 image
	      quality  but  very  impressive compression ratios, while level 9
	      offers very good image quality at lower compression ratios. Note
	      that  the	 "tight" encoder uses JPEG to encode only those screen
	      areas that look suitable for lossy compression, so quality level
	      0 does not always mean unacceptable image quality.

       -nojpeg
	      Disable  lossy JPEG compression in Tight encoding (TightVNC-spe‐
	      cific).  Disabling JPEG compression is not a good idea in	 typi‐
	      cal  cases,  as that makes the Tight encoder less efficient. You
	      might want to use this option if it's  absolutely	 necessary  to
	      achieve perfect image quality (see also the -quality option).

       -nocursorshape
	      Disable cursor shape updates, protocol extensions used to handle
	      remote   cursor	movements   locally   on   the	 client	  side
	      (TightVNC-specific). Using cursor shape updates decreases delays
	      with remote cursor movements, and can  improve  bandwidth	 usage
	      dramatically.

       -x11cursor
	      Use a real X11 cursor with X-style cursor shape updates, instead
	      of drawing the remote cursor on  the  framebuffer.  This	option
	      also  disables  the  dot	cursor,	 and  disables cursor position
	      updates in non-fullscreen mode.

       -autopass
	      Read a plain-text password from stdin. This option affects  only
	      the standard VNC authentication.

ENCODINGS
       The  server  supplies  information in whatever format is desired by the
       client, in order to make the client as easy as possible	to  implement.
       If  the	client	represents itself as able to use multiple formats, the
       server will choose one.

       Pixel format refers to the representation of an individual  pixel.  The
       most  common  formats  are 24 and 16 bit "true-color" values, and 8-bit
       "color map" representations, where an arbitrary map converts the	 color
       number to RGB values.

       Encoding refers to how a rectangle of pixels are sent (all pixel infor‐
       mation in VNC is sent as rectangles). All rectangles come with a header
       giving the location and size of the rectangle and an encoding type used
       by the data which follows. These types are listed below.

       Raw    The raw encoding simply sends  width*height  pixel  values.  All
	      clients  are required to support this encoding type. Raw is also
	      the fastest when the server and viewer are on the same  machine,
	      as the connection speed is essentially infinite and raw encoding
	      minimizes processing time.

       CopyRect
	      The Copy Rectangle encoding is efficient when something is being
	      moved;  the  only	 data sent is the location of a rectangle from
	      which data should be copied to the  current  location.  Copyrect
	      could also be used to efficiently transmit a repeated pattern.

       RRE    The  Rise-and-Run-length-Encoding	 is  basically a 2D version of
	      run-length encoding (RLE). In this encoding, a sequence of iden‐
	      tical  pixels are compressed to a single value and repeat count.
	      In VNC, this is implemented with a background  color,  and  then
	      specifications of an arbitrary number of subrectangles and color
	      for each. This is an efficient encoding for large blocks of con‐
	      stant color.

       CoRRE  This  is	a  minor  variation on RRE, using a maximum of 255x255
	      pixel rectangles. This allows for single-byte values to be used,
	      reducing packet size. This is in general more efficient, because
	      the savings from sending 1-byte values generally	outweighs  the
	      losses from the (relatively rare) cases where very large regions
	      are painted the same color.

       Hextile
	      Here, rectangles are split up in to 16x16 tiles, which are  sent
	      in  a  predetermined  order.  The	 data within the tiles is sent
	      either raw or as a variant on RRE. Hextile encoding  is  usually
	      the  best	 choice	 for  using in high-speed network environments
	      (e.g. Ethernet local-area networks).

       Zlib   Zlib is a very simple encoding that uses zlib  library  to  com‐
	      press  raw  pixel data. This encoding achieves good compression,
	      but consumes a lot of CPU time. Support  for  this  encoding  is
	      provided	for  compatibility  with  VNC  servers	that might not
	      understand Tight encoding which is more efficient than  Zlib  in
	      nearly all real-life situations.

       Tight  Like Zlib encoding, Tight encoding uses zlib library to compress
	      the pixel data, but it pre-processes data to  maximize  compres‐
	      sion  ratios,  and  to  minimize CPU usage on compression. Also,
	      JPEG compression may be used to encode color-rich	 screen	 areas
	      (see  the	 description  of  -quality and -nojpeg options above).
	      Tight encoding is usually the best choice for low-bandwidth net‐
	      work environments (e.g. slow modem connections).

RESOURCES
       X  resources  that  vncviewer  knows  about,  aside  from the normal Xt
       resources, are as follows:

       shareDesktop
	      Equivalent of -shared/-noshared options. Default true.

       viewOnly
	      Equivalent of -viewonly option. Default false.

       fullScreen
	      Equivalent of -fullscreen option. Default false.

       grabKeyboard
	      Grab keyboard in full-screen mode. This can help to solve	 prob‐
	      lems with losing keyboard focus. Default false.

       raiseOnBeep
	      Equivalent  of -noraiseonbeep option, when set to false. Default
	      true.

       passwordFile
	      Equivalent of -passwd option.

       userLogin
	      Equivalent of -user option.

       passwordDialog
	      Whether to use a dialog box to get the password (true) or get it
	      from the tty (false). Irrelevant if passwordFile is set. Default
	      false.

       encodings
	      Equivalent of -encodings option.

       compressLevel
	      Equivalent of -compresslevel option (TightVNC-specific).

       qualityLevel
	      Equivalent of -quality option (TightVNC-specific).

       enableJPEG
	      Equivalent of -nojpeg option, when set to false. Default true.

       useRemoteCursor
	      Equivalent  of  -nocursorshape  option,  when   set   to	 false
	      (TightVNC-specific). Default true.

       useBGR233
	      Equivalent of -bgr233 option. Default false.

       nColours
	      When using BGR233, try to allocate this many "exact" colors from
	      the BGR233 color cube. When using	 a  shared  colormap,  setting
	      this  resource  lower  leaves  more  colors for other X clients.
	      Irrelevant when using truecolor. Default is  256	(i.e.  all  of
	      them).

       useSharedColours
	      If the number of "exact" BGR233 colors successfully allocated is
	      less than 256 then the rest are filled in	 using	the  "nearest"
	      colors  available.  This	resource  says whether to only use the
	      "exact" BGR233 colors for this purpose, or whether to use	 other
	      clients'	"shared"  colors as well. Default true (i.e. use other
	      clients' colors).

       forceOwnCmap
	      Equivalent of -owncmap option. Default false.

       forceTrueColour
	      Equivalent of -truecolour option. Default false.

       requestedDepth
	      Equivalent of -depth option.

       useSharedMemory
	      Use MIT shared memory extension if on the same machine as the  X
	      server. Default true.

       wmDecorationWidth, wmDecorationHeight
	      The  total  width	 and height taken up by window manager decora‐
	      tions.  This is used to calculate the maximum size  of  the  VNC
	      viewer window.  Default is width 4, height 24.

       bumpScrollTime, bumpScrollPixels
	      When  in full screen mode and the VNC desktop is bigger than the
	      X display, scrolling happens whenever the mouse hits the edge of
	      the  screen.  The maximum speed of scrolling is bumpScrollPixels
	      pixels every bumpScrollTime milliseconds. The  actual  speed  of
	      scrolling	 will be slower than this, of course, depending on how
	      fast your machine is.  Default 20 pixels every 25 milliseconds.

       popupButtonCount
	      The number of buttons in the popup window. See the  README  file
	      for more information on how to customize the buttons.

       debug  For debugging. Default false.

       rawDelay, copyRectDelay
	      For debugging, see the README file for details. Default 0 (off).

ENVIRONMENT
       When  started  with  the	 -via  option, vncviewer reads the VNC_VIA_CMD
       environment variable, expands patterns beginning with the  "%"  charac‐
       ter, and executes result as a command assuming that it would create TCP
       tunnel that should be used for VNC connection. If not set,  this	 envi‐
       ronment variable defaults to "/usr/bin/ssh -f -L %L:%H:%R %G sleep 20".

       The following patterns are recognized in the VNC_VIA_CMD (note that all
       the patterns %G, %H, %L and %R must be  present	in  the	 command  tem‐
       plate):

       %%     A literal "%";

       %G     gateway host name;

       %H     remote VNC host name, as known to the gateway;

       %L     local TCP port number;

       %R     remote TCP port number.

SEE ALSO
       vncserver(1), Xvnc(1), vncpasswd(1), vncconnect(1), ssh(1)

AUTHORS
       Original	 VNC  was  developed  in AT&T Laboratories Cambridge. TightVNC
       additions were implemented by Constantin Kaplinsky. Many	 other	people
       participated in development, testing and support.

       Man page authors:
       Marcus Brinkmann <Marcus.Brinkmann@ruhr-uni-bochum.de>,
       Terran Melconian <terran@consistent.org>,
       Tim Waugh <twaugh@redhat.com>,
       Constantin Kaplinsky <const@tightvnc.com>

				  August 2006			  vncviewer(1)
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