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TWM(1)									TWM(1)

NAME
       twm - Tab Window Manager for the X Window System

SYNTAX
       twm [ -display dpy ] [ -s ] [ -f initfile ] [ -v ]

DESCRIPTION
       Twm  is	a  window manager for the X Window System.  It provides title‐
       bars, shaped windows, several forms of  icon  management,  user-defined
       macro  functions,  click-to-type and pointer-driven keyboard focus, and
       user-specified key and pointer button bindings.

       This program is usually	started	 by  the  user's  session  manager  or
       startup	script.	  When	used from xdm(1) or xinit(1) without a session
       manager, twm is frequently executed  in	the  foreground	 as  the  last
       client.	When run this way, exiting twm causes the session to be termi‐
       nated (i.e., logged out).

       By default, application windows are surrounded by a  ``frame''  with  a
       titlebar at the top and a special border around the window.  The title‐
       bar contains the window's name, a rectangle that is lit when the window
       is  receiving  keyboard	input, and function boxes known as ``titlebut‐
       tons'' at the left and right edges of the titlebar.

       Pressing pointer Button1 (usually the left-most button  unless  it  has
       been  changed  with  xmodmap) on a titlebutton will invoke the function
       associated with the button.  In	the  default  interface,  windows  are
       iconified  by  clicking	(pressing  and then immediately releasing) the
       left titlebutton (which looks like a  Dot).   Conversely,  windows  are
       deiconified  by	clicking  in  the associated icon or entry in the icon
       manager (see description of the variable	 ShowIconManager  and  of  the
       function f.showiconmgr).

       Windows	are resized by pressing the right titlebutton (which resembles
       a group of nested squares), dragging the pointer over edge that	is  to
       be  moved,  and releasing the pointer when the outline of the window is
       the desired size.  Similarly, windows are  moved	 by  pressing  in  the
       title  or  highlight region, dragging a window outline to the new loca‐
       tion, and then releasing when the outline is in the  desired  position.
       Just  clicking in the title or highlight region raises the window with‐
       out moving it.

       When new windows are created, twm will  honor  any  size	 and  location
       information  requested  by  the user (usually through -geometry command
       line argument or resources for the  individual  applications).	Other‐
       wise,  an outline of the window's default size, its titlebar, and lines
       dividing the window into a 3x3 grid that track  the  pointer  are  dis‐
       played.	 Clicking pointer Button1 will position the window at the cur‐
       rent position and give it the default size.  Pressing  pointer  Button2
       (usually	 the middle pointer button) and dragging the outline will give
       the window its current position but allow the sides to  be  resized  as
       described  above.   Clicking pointer Button3 (usually the right pointer
       button) will give the window its current position but attempt  to  make
       it long enough to touch the bottom the screen.

OPTIONS
       Twm accepts the following command line options:

       -display dpy
	       This option specifies the X server to use.

       -s      This  option  indicates that only the default screen (as speci‐
	       fied by -display or by the DISPLAY environment variable) should
	       be managed.  By default, twm will attempt to manage all screens
	       on the display.

       -f filename
	       This option specifies the name of the startup file to use.   By
	       default,	 twm  will look in the user's home directory for files
	       named .twmrc.num (where num is a screen number) or .twmrc.

       -v      This option indicates that  twm	should	print  error  messages
	       whenever	 an unexpected X Error event is received.  This can be
	       useful when debugging applications but can  be  distracting  in
	       regular use.

CUSTOMIZATION
       Much  of twm's appearance and behavior can be controlled by providing a
       startup file in one of the following locations (searched in  order  for
       each screen being managed when twm begins):

       $HOME/.twmrc.screennumber
	       The  screennumber  is a small positive number (e.g. 0, 1, etc.)
	       representing the screen number (e.g. the	 last  number  in  the
	       DISPLAY	environment  variable  host:displaynum.screennum) that
	       would be used to contact that screen of the display.   This  is
	       intended for displays with multiple screens of differing visual
	       types.

       $HOME/.twmrc
	       This is the usual name for an individual user's startup file.

       /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/twm/system.twmrc
	       If neither of the preceding files are found, twm will  look  in
	       this  file for a default configuration.	This is often tailored
	       by the site administrator to provide convenient menus or famil‐
	       iar bindings for novice users.

       If  no  startup	files  are  found,  twm will use the built-in defaults
       described above.	 The only resource used by twm is bitmapFilePath for a
       colon-separated	list  of directories to search when looking for bitmap
       files  (for  more  information,	see  the  Athena  Widgets  manual  and
       xrdb(1)).

       Twm  startup files are logically broken up into three types of specifi‐
       cations:	 Variables, Bindings, Menus.  The Variables section must  come
       first  and  is  used  to	 describe  the	fonts, colors, cursors, border
       widths, icon and window placement, highlighting, autoraising, layout of
       titles, warping, use of the icon manager.  The Bindings section usually
       comes second and is used to specify the functions that should be to  be
       invoked	when  keyboard	and  pointer  buttons  are pressed in windows,
       icons, titles, and frames.  The Menus section  gives  any  user-defined
       menus (containing functions to be invoked or commands to be executed).

       Variable names and keywords are case-insensitive.  Strings must be sur‐
       rounded by double quote characters (e.g. "blue")	 and  are  case-sensi‐
       tive.  A pound sign (#) outside of a string causes the remainder of the
       line in which the character appears to be treated as a comment.

VARIABLES
       Many of the aspects of twm's user interface are controlled by variables
       that  may  be  set in the user's startup file.  Some of the options are
       enabled or disabled simply by the presence  of  a  particular  keyword.
       Other  options  require	keywords, numbers, strings, or lists of all of
       these.

       Lists are surrounded by braces and are usually separated by  whitespace
       or a newline.  For example:
       AutoRaise { "emacs" "XTerm" "Xmh" }
       or
       AutoRaise
       {
	    "emacs"
	    "XTerm"
	    "Xmh"
       }
       When  a	variable  containing a list of strings representing windows is
       searched (e.g. to determine whether or not to enable autoraise as shown
       above), a string must be an exact, case-sensitive match to the window's
       name (given by the WM_NAME window property),  resource  name  or	 class
       name (both given by the WM_CLASS window property).  The preceding exam‐
       ple would enable autoraise on windows named ``emacs'' as	 well  as  any
       xterm  (since they are of class ``XTerm'') or xmh windows (which are of
       class ``Xmh'').

       String arguments that are interpreted as filenames  (see	 the  Pixmaps,
       Cursors,	 and  IconDirectory  below)  will prepend the user's directory
       (specified by the HOME environment variable) if the first character  is
       a tilde (~).  If, instead, the first character is a colon (:), the name
       is assumed to refer to one of the internal bitmaps  that	 are  used  to
       create the default titlebars symbols:  :xlogo or :delete (both refer to
       the X logo), :dot or :iconify (both refer to  the  dot),	 :resize  (the
       nested  squares	used by the resize button), :menu (a page with lines),
       and :question (the question mark used for non-existent bitmap files).

       The following variables may be specified at the top of  a  twm  startup
       file.   Lists  of Window name prefix strings are indicated by win-list.
       Optional arguments are shown in square brackets:

       AutoRaise { win-list }
	       This variable specifies a list of windows that should automati‐
	       cally  be  raised whenever the pointer enters the window.  This
	       action can be interactively enabled or disabled	on  individual
	       windows using the function f.autoraise.

       AutoRelativeResize
	       This variable indicates that dragging out a window size (either
	       when initially sizing the window with pointer Button2  or  when
	       resizing	 it) should not wait until the pointer has crossed the
	       window edges.  Instead, moving the pointer automatically causes
	       the  nearest  edge  or  edges to move by the same amount.  This
	       allows the resizing of windows that extend off the edge of  the
	       screen.	 If  the pointer is in the center of the window, or if
	       the resize is begun by pressing a titlebutton, twm  will	 still
	       wait  for  the pointer to cross a window edge (to prevent acci‐
	       dents).	This option is particularly useful for people who like
	       the press-drag-release method of sweeping out window sizes.

       BorderColor string [{ wincolorlist }]
	       This  variable  specifies the default color of the border to be
	       placed around all non-iconified windows, and may only be	 given
	       within  a  Color,  Grayscale  or Monochrome list.  The optional
	       wincolorlist specifies a list of window and  color  name	 pairs
	       for  specifying particular border colors for different types of
	       windows.	 For example:
	       BorderColor "gray50"
	       {
		    "XTerm"   "red"
		    "xmh"     "green"
	       }
	       The default is "black".

       BorderTileBackground string [{ wincolorlist }]
	       This variable specifies the default  background	color  in  the
	       gray pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight
	       hasn't been set),  and  may  only  be  given  within  a	Color,
	       Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The optional wincolorlist allows
	       per-window colors to be specified.  The default	is "white".

       BorderTileForeground string [{ wincolorlist }]
	       This variable specifies the default  foreground	color  in  the
	       gray pattern used in unhighlighted borders (only if NoHighlight
	       hasn't been set),  and  may  only  be  given  within  a	Color,
	       Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The optional wincolorlist allows
	       per-window colors to be specified.  The default is "black".

       BorderWidth pixels
	       This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border  sur‐
	       rounding	 all client window frames if ClientBorderWidth has not
	       been specified.	This value is also used to set the border size
	       of  windows  created  by	 twm  (such as the icon manager).  The
	       default is 2.

       ButtonIndent pixels
	       This variable specifies the amount by which titlebuttons should
	       be indented on all sides.  Positive values cause the buttons to
	       be smaller than the window text and highlight area so that they
	       stand  out.   Setting this and the TitleButtonBorderWidth vari‐
	       ables to 0 makes titlebuttons be as tall and wide as  possible.
	       The default is 1.

       ClientBorderWidth
	       This  variable  indicates that border width of a window's frame
	       should be set to the initial border width of the window, rather
	       than to the value of BorderWidth.

       Color { colors-list }
	       This  variable specifies a list of color assignments to be made
	       if the default display is capable of displaying more than  sim‐
	       ple black and white.  The colors-list is made up of the follow‐
	       ing  color  variables  and  their  values:   DefaultBackground,
	       DefaultForeground,  MenuBackground,  MenuForeground, MenuTitle‐
	       Background, MenuTitleForeground,	 MenuShadowColor,  MenuBorder‐
	       Color, PointerForeground, and PointerBackground.	 The following
	       color variables may also be given a list of  window  and	 color
	       name pairs to allow per-window colors to be specified (see Bor‐
	       derColor for details): BorderColor, IconManagerHighlight,  Bor‐
	       derTitleBackground,   BorderTitleForeground,   TitleBackground,
	       TitleForeground,	 IconBackground,  IconForeground,  IconBorder‐
	       Color,  IconManagerBackground,  and IconManagerForeground.  For
	       example:
	       Color
	       {
		    MenuBackground	"gray50"
		    MenuForeground	"blue"
		    BorderColor		     "red" { "XTerm" "yellow" }
		    TitleForeground	     "yellow"
		    TitleBackground	     "blue"
	       }
	       All of these color variables may	 also  be  specified  for  the
	       Monochrome  variable,  allowing the same initialization file to
	       be used on both color and monochrome displays.

       ConstrainedMoveTime milliseconds
	       This variable specifies	the  length  of	 time  between	button
	       clicks  needed  to  begin a constrained move operation.	Double
	       clicking within this amount of time when invoking  f.move  will
	       cause  the  window to be moved only in a horizontal or vertical
	       direction.  Setting this value to 0  will  disable  constrained
	       moves.  The default is 400 milliseconds.

       Cursors { cursor-list }
	       This variable specifies the glyphs that twm should use for var‐
	       ious pointer cursors.  Each cursor may be defined  either  from
	       the cursor font or from two bitmap files.  Shapes from the cur‐
	       sor font may be specified directly as:
		    cursorname	   "string"
	       where cursorname is one of the cursor names listed  below,  and
	       string	is   the  name	of  a  glyph  as  found	 in  the  file
	       /usr/X11R6/include/X11/cursorfont.h (without the	 ``XC_''  pre‐
	       fix).   If  the	cursor is to be defined from bitmap files, the
	       following syntax is used instead:
		    cursorname	   "image"   "mask"
	       The image and mask strings specify the names of files  contain‐
	       ing  the	 glyph	image  and mask in bitmap(1) form.  The bitmap
	       files are located in the same manner as icon bitmap files.  The
	       following example shows the default cursor definitions:
	       Cursors
	       {
		    Frame	   "top_left_arrow"
		    Title	   "top_left_arrow"
		    Icon      "top_left_arrow"
		    IconMgr   "top_left_arrow"
		    Move      "fleur"
		    Resize	   "fleur"
		    Menu      "sb_left_arrow"
		    Button	   "hand2"
		    Wait      "watch"
		    Select	   "dot"
		    Destroy   "pirate"
	       }

       DecorateTransients
	       This  variable indicates that transient windows (those contain‐
	       ing a WM_TRANSIENT_FOR property)	 should	 have  titlebars.   By
	       default, transients are not reparented.

       DefaultBackground string
	       This  variable  specifies  the  background color to be used for
	       sizing and information windows.	The default is "white".

       DefaultForeground string
	       This variable specifies the foreground color  to	 be  used  for
	       sizing and information windows.	The default is "black".

       DontIconifyByUnmapping { win-list }
	       This  variable  specifies  a list of windows that should not be
	       iconified by simply unmapping the window (as would be the  case
	       if  IconifyByUnmapping  had been set).  This is frequently used
	       to force some windows to be treated as icons while  other  win‐
	       dows are handled by the icon manager.

       DontMoveOff
	       This  variable  indicates that windows should not be allowed to
	       be moved off the screen.	 It can be overridden by the  f.force‐
	       move function.

       DontSqueezeTitle [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable  indicates that titlebars should not be squeezed
	       to their minimum size as described  under  SqueezeTitle	below.
	       If  the	optional  window  list is supplied, only those windows
	       will be prevented from being squeezed.

       ForceIcons
	       This variable indicates that  icon  pixmaps  specified  in  the
	       Icons variable should override any client-supplied pixmaps.

       FramePadding pixels
	       This variable specifies the distance between the titlebar deco‐
	       rations (the button  and	 text)	and  the  window  frame.   The
	       default is 2 pixels.

       Grayscale { colors }
	       This variable specifies a list of color assignments that should
	       be made if the screen has a GrayScale default visual.  See  the
	       description of Colors.

       IconBackground string [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable specifies the background color of icons, and may
	       only be specified inside of a Color,  Grayscale	or  Monochrome
	       list.  The optional win-list is a list of window names and col‐
	       ors so that per-window colors may be specified.	See  the  Bor‐
	       derColor	 variable  for a complete description of the win-list.
	       The default is "white".

       IconBorderColor string [{ win-list }]
	       This variable specifies the color of the border used  for  icon
	       windows, and may only be specified inside of a Color, Grayscale
	       or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list of	window
	       names  and  colors  so that per-window colors may be specified.
	       See the BorderColor variable for a complete description of  the
	       win-list.  The default is "black".

       IconBorderWidth pixels
	       This  variable specifies the width in pixels of the border sur‐
	       rounding icon windows.  The default is 2.

       IconDirectory string
	       This variable specifies the directory that should  be  searched
	       if  if  a bitmap file cannot be found in any of the directories
	       in the bitmapFilePath resource.

       IconFont string
	       This variable specifies the font to be  used  to	 display  icon
	       names within icons.  The default is "variable".

       IconForeground string [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable  specifies  the foreground color to be used when
	       displaying icons, and may only be specified inside of a	Color,
	       Grayscale  or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list
	       of window names and colors so that  per-window  colors  may  be
	       specified.    See  the  BorderColor  variable  for  a  complete
	       description of the win-list.  The default is "black".

       IconifyByUnmapping [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that windows  should  be	 iconified  by
	       being  unmapped	without trying to map any icons.  This assumes
	       that the user will remap the window through the	icon  manager,
	       the f.warpto function, or the TwmWindows menu.  If the optional
	       win-list is provided, only those windows will be	 iconified  by
	       simply unmapping.  Windows that have both this and the IconMan‐
	       agerDontShow options set may not be accessible if no binding to
	       the TwmWindows menu is set in the user's startup file.

       IconManagerBackground string [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable  specifies  the background color to use for icon
	       manager entries, and may only be specified inside of  a	Color,
	       Grayscale  or Monochrome list.  The optional win-list is a list
	       of window names and colors so that  per-window  colors  may  be
	       specified.    See  the  BorderColor  variable  for  a  complete
	       description of the win-list.  The default is "white".

       IconManagerDontShow [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that the icon manager should  not  dis‐
	       play  any  windows.   If	 the  optional win-list is given, only
	       those windows will not be displayed.  This variable is used  to
	       prevent	windows	 that  are rarely iconified (such as xclock or
	       xload) from taking up space in the icon manager.

       IconManagerFont string
	       This variable specifies the font to  be	used  when  displaying
	       icon manager entries.  The default is "variable".

       IconManagerForeground string [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable  specifies  the foreground color to be used when
	       displaying icon manager entries,	 and  may  only	 be  specified
	       inside  of a Color, Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The optional
	       win-list is a list of window names and colors so that  per-win‐
	       dow  colors may be specified.  See the BorderColor variable for
	       a  complete  description	 of  the  win-list.   The  default  is
	       "black".

       IconManagerGeometry string [ columns ]
	       This  variable  specifies the geometry of the icon manager win‐
	       dow.  The string argument is  standard  geometry	 specification
	       that  indicates the initial full size of the icon manager.  The
	       icon manager window is then  broken  into  columns  pieces  and
	       scaled  according to the number of entries in the icon manager.
	       Extra entries are wrapped to form additional rows.  The default
	       number of columns is 1.

       IconManagerHighlight string [{ win-list }]
	       This  variable specifies the border color to be used when high‐
	       lighting the icon manager entry that currently has  the	focus,
	       and can only be specified inside of a Color, Grayscale or Mono‐
	       chrome list.  The optional win-list is a list of	 window	 names
	       and colors so that per-window colors may be specified.  See the
	       BorderColor variable for a complete  description	 of  the  win-
	       list.  The default is "black".

       IconManagers { iconmgr-list }
	       This  variable  specifies  a  list  of icon managers to create.
	       Each item in the iconmgr-list has the following format:
		    "winname" ["iconname"]   "geometry" columns
	       where winname is the name of the windows	 that  should  be  put
	       into  this icon manager, iconname is the name of that icon man‐
	       ager window's icon, geometry is a standard geometry  specifica‐
	       tion, and columns is the number of columns in this icon manager
	       as described in IconManagerGeometry.  For example:
	       IconManagers
	       {
		    "XTerm"   "=300x5+800+5" 5
		    "myhost"  "=400x5+100+5" 2
	       }
	       Clients whose name or class is ``XTerm''	 will  have  an	 entry
	       created	in the ``XTerm'' icon manager.	Clients whose name was
	       ``myhost'' would be put into the ``myhost'' icon manager.

       IconManagerShow { win-list }
	       This variable specifies a list of windows that should appear in
	       the  icon  manager.  When used in conjunction with the IconMan‐
	       agerDontShow variable, only the windows in this	list  will  be
	       shown in the icon manager.

       IconRegion geomstring vgrav hgrav gridwidth gridheight
	       This  variable  specifies  an  area on the root window in which
	       icons are placed if no specific icon location  is  provided  by
	       the  client.   The  geomstring  is a quoted string containing a
	       standard geometry specification.	 If more than  one  IconRegion
	       lines  are  given,  icons  will be put into the succeeding icon
	       regions when the first is full.	The vgrav argument  should  be
	       either  North  or  South	 and  control  and  is used to control
	       whether icons are first filled in from the top or bottom of the
	       icon  region.   Similarly,  the hgrav argument should be either
	       East or West and is used to control  whether  icons  should  be
	       filled  in from left from the right.  Icons are laid out within
	       the region in a grid with cells gridwidth pixels wide and grid‐
	       height pixels high.

       Icons { win-list }
	       This  variable  specifies a list of window names and the bitmap
	       filenames that should be used as their icons.  For example:
	       Icons
	       {
		    "XTerm"   "xterm.icon"
		    "xfd"	   "xfd_icon"
	       }
	       Windows that match ``XTerm'' and	 would	not  be	 iconified  by
	       unmapping,  and	would  try  to use the icon bitmap in the file
	       ``xterm.icon''.	If ForceIcons is specified, this  bitmap  will
	       be used even if the client has requested its own icon pixmap.

       InterpolateMenuColors
	       This variable indicates that menu entry colors should be inter‐
	       polated between entry specified colors.	In the example below:
	       Menu "mymenu"
	       {
		    "Title"	   ("black":"red")	    f.title
		    "entry1"		     f.nop
		    "entry2"		     f.nop
		    "entry3"  ("white":"green")	  f.nop
		    "entry4"		     f.nop
		    "entry5"  ("red":"white")	       f.nop
	       }
	       the foreground colors for ``entry1''  and  ``entry2''  will  be
	       interpolated between black and white, and the background colors
	       between	red  and  green.   Similarly,	the   foreground   for
	       ``entry4''  will	 be  half-way  between	white and red, and the
	       background will be half-way between green and white.

       MakeTitle { win-list }
	       This variable specifies a list of windows on which  a  titlebar
	       should be placed and is used to request titles on specific win‐
	       dows when NoTitle has been set.

       MaxWindowSize string
	       This variable specifies a  geometry  in	which  the  width  and
	       height give the maximum size for a given window.	 This is typi‐
	       cally used to restrict windows to the size of the screen.   The
	       default	width  is 32767 - screen width.	 The default height is
	       32767 - screen height.

       MenuBackground string
	       This variable specifies the background color  used  for	menus,
	       and can only be specified inside of a Color or Monochrome list.
	       The default is "white".

       MenuBorderColor string
	       This variable specifies the color of the menu  border  and  can
	       only  be	 specified  inside of a Color, Grayscale or Monochrome
	       list.  The default is "black".

       MenuBorderWidth pixels
	       This variable specifies the width in pixels of the border  sur‐
	       rounding menu windows.  The default is 2.

       MenuFont string
	       This  variable specifies the font to use when displaying menus.
	       The default is "variable".

       MenuForeground string
	       This variable specifies the foreground color  used  for	menus,
	       and can only be specified inside of a Color, Grayscale or Mono‐
	       chrome list.  The default is "black".

       MenuShadowColor string
	       This variable specifies the color of the	 shadow	 behind	 pull-
	       down  menus  and	 can  only  be	specified  inside  of a Color,
	       Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The default is "black".

       MenuTitleBackground string
	       This  variable  specifies  the  background  color  for  f.title
	       entries	in menus, and can only be specified inside of a Color,
	       Grayscale or Monochrome list.  The default is "white".

       MenuTitleForeground string
	       This  variable  specifies  the  foreground  color  for  f.title
	       entries in menus and can only be specified inside of a Color or
	       Monochrome list.	 The default is "black".

       Monochrome { colors }
	       This variable specifies a list of color assignments that should
	       be made if the screen has a depth of 1.	See the description of
	       Colors.

       MoveDelta pixels
	       This variable specifies the number of pixels the	 pointer  must
	       move  before  the f.move function starts working.  Also see the
	       f.deltastop function.  The default is zero pixels.

       NoBackingStore
	       This variable indicates that twm's  menus  should  not  request
	       backing	store  to minimize repainting of menus.	 This is typi‐
	       cally used with servers that can repaint faster than  they  can
	       handle backing store.

       NoCaseSensitive
	       This  variable indicates that case should be ignored when sort‐
	       ing icon names in an icon manager.  This	 option	 is  typically
	       used  with  applications	 that  capitalize  the first letter of
	       their icon name.

       NoDefaults
	       This variable indicates that twm should not supply the  default
	       titlebuttons  and bindings.  This option should only be used if
	       the startup file contains a completely new set of bindings  and
	       definitions.

       NoGrabServer
	       This  variable  indicates  that	twm should not grab the server
	       when popping up menus and moving opaque windows.

       NoHighlight [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that borders should not be  highlighted
	       to track the location of the pointer.  If the optional win-list
	       is given, highlighting will only be disabled for those windows.
	       When the border is highlighted, it will be drawn in the current
	       BorderColor.  When the border is not highlighted,  it  will  be
	       stippled	 with a gray pattern using the current BorderTileFore‐
	       ground and BorderTileBackground colors.

       NoIconManagers
	       This variable indicates that no icon manager should be created.

       NoMenuShadows
	       This variable indicates that menus should not have drop shadows
	       drawn  behind them.  This is typically used with slower servers
	       since it speeds up menu drawing at the expense  of  making  the
	       menu slightly harder to read.

       NoRaiseOnDeiconify
	       This  variable  indicates  that	windows	 that  are deiconified
	       should not be raised.

       NoRaiseOnMove
	       This variable indicates that windows should not be raised  when
	       moved.  This is typically used to allow windows to slide under‐
	       neath each other.

       NoRaiseOnResize
	       This variable indicates that windows should not be raised  when
	       resized.	 This is typically used to allow windows to be resized
	       underneath each other.

       NoRaiseOnWarp
	       This variable indicates that windows should not be raised  when
	       the pointer is warped into them with the f.warpto function.  If
	       this option is set, warping to an occluded window may result in
	       the  pointer  ending  up	 in  the  occluding window instead the
	       desired	window	(which	 causes	  unexpected   behavior	  with
	       f.warpring).

       NoSaveUnders
	       This  variable  indicates  that	menus should not request save-
	       unders to minimize window repainting following menu  selection.
	       It is typically used with displays that can repaint faster than
	       they can handle save-unders.

       NoStackMode [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that client window requests  to	change
	       stacking	 order should be ignored.  If the optional win-list is
	       given, only requests on those windows will be ignored.  This is
	       typically  used	to prevent applications from relentlessly pop‐
	       ping themselves to the front of the window stack.

       NoTitle [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that windows should not have titlebars.
	       If  the optional win-list is given, only those windows will not
	       have titlebars.	MakeTitle may be  used	with  this  option  to
	       force titlebars to be put on specific windows.

       NoTitleFocus
	       This  variable indicates that twm should not set keyboard input
	       focus to each window as it is entered.  Normally, twm sets  the
	       focus  so  that focus and key events from the titlebar and icon
	       managers are delivered to the application.  If the  pointer  is
	       moved quickly and twm is slow to respond, input can be directed
	       to the old window instead of the new.  This option is typically
	       used  to	 prevent this ``input lag'' and to work around bugs in
	       older applications that have problems with focus events.

       NoTitleHighlight [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that the highlight area of  the	title‐
	       bar,  which  is	used to indicate the window that currently has
	       the input focus, should not be displayed.  If the optional win-
	       list  is	 given,	 only  those  windows  will not have highlight
	       areas.  This and the SqueezeTitle options can be	 set  to  sub‐
	       stantially reduce the amount of screen space required by title‐
	       bars.

       OpaqueMove
	       This variable indicates that the f.move function	 should	 actu‐
	       ally  move  the	window	instead of just an outline so that the
	       user can immediately see what the window will look like in  the
	       new  position.	This option is typically used on fast displays
	       (particularly if NoGrabServer is set).

       Pixmaps { pixmaps }
	       This variable specifies a  list	of  pixmaps  that  define  the
	       appearance of various images.  Each entry is a keyword indicat‐
	       ing the pixmap to set, followed by a string giving the name  of
	       the bitmap file.	 The following pixmaps may be specified:
	       Pixmaps
	       {
		    TitleHighlight "gray1"
	       }
	       The  default  for TitleHighlight is to use an even stipple pat‐
	       tern.

       Priority priority
	       This variable sets  twm's  priority.   priority	should	be  an
	       unquoted,  signed  number  (e.g.	 999).	 This  variable has an
	       effect only if the server supports the SYNC extension.

       RandomPlacement
	       This variable indicates that windows with no specified geometry
	       should  be placed in a pseudo-random location instead of having
	       the user drag out an outline.

       ResizeFont string
	       This variable specifies the font to be used for in  the	dimen‐
	       sions window when resizing windows.  The default is "fixed".

       RestartPreviousState
	       This  variable  indicates  that	twm  should attempt to use the
	       WM_STATE property on  client  windows  to  tell	which  windows
	       should  be iconified and which should be left visible.  This is
	       typically used to try to regenerate the state that  the	screen
	       was in before the previous window manager was shutdown.

       SaveColor { colors-list }
	       This  variable  indicates  a  list  of  color assignments to be
	       stored as pixel values in the root window property  _MIT_PRIOR‐
	       ITY_COLORS.   Clients  may  elect to preserve these values when
	       installing their own colormap.  Note that use of this mechanism
	       is a way an for application to avoid the "technicolor" problem,
	       whereby useful screen objects such as window borders and title‐
	       bars  disappear	when a programs custom colors are installed by
	       the window manager.  For example:
	       SaveColor
	       {
		       BorderColor
		       TitleBackground
		       TitleForeground
		       "red"
		       "green"
		       "blue"
	       }
	       This would place on the root window 3 pixel values for  borders
	       and  titlebars,	as  well as the three color strings, all taken
	       from the default colormap.

       ShowIconManager
	       This variable indicates that the icon manager window should  be
	       displayed  when	twm  is	 started.  It can always be brought up
	       using the f.showiconmgr function.

       SortIconManager
	       This variable indicates that entries in the icon manager should
	       be  sorted  alphabetically  rather than by simply appending new
	       windows to the end.

       SqueezeTitle [{ squeeze-list }]
	       This variable indicates that twm	 should	 attempt  to  use  the
	       SHAPE  extension	 to  make titlebars occupy only as much screen
	       space as they need, rather than extending all  the  way	across
	       the  top	 of the window.	 The optional squeeze-list may be used
	       to control the location of the squeezed titlebar along the  top
	       of the window.  It contains entries of the form:
		    "name"	   justification  num  denom
	       where name is a window name, justification is either left, cen‐
	       ter, or right, and num and denom are numbers specifying a ratio
	       giving the relative position about which the titlebar is justi‐
	       fied.  The ratio is measured from left to right if the  numera‐
	       tor  is positive, and right to left if negative.	 A denominator
	       of 0 indicates that the numerator should be measured in pixels.
	       For  convenience,  the  ratio 0/0 is the same as 1/2 for center
	       and -1/1 for right.  For example:
	       SqueezeTitle
	       {
		    "XTerm"   left	0    0
		    "xterm1"  left	1    3
		    "xterm2"  left	2    3
		    "oclock"  center	     0	  0
		    "emacs"   right	     0	  0
	       }
	       The DontSqueezeTitle list can be used to turn off squeezing  on
	       certain titles.

       StartIconified [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that client windows should initially be
	       left as icons until explicitly deiconified by the user.	If the
	       optional	 win-list is given, only those windows will be started
	       iconic.	This is useful for programs that  do  not  support  an
	       -iconic command line option or resource.

       TitleBackground string [{ win-list }]
	       This variable specifies the background color used in titlebars,
	       and may only be specified inside of a Color, Grayscale or Mono‐
	       chrome  list.   The optional win-list is a list of window names
	       and colors so that per-window colors  may  be  specified.   The
	       default is "white".

       TitleButtonBorderWidth pixels
	       This  variable specifies the width in pixels of the border sur‐
	       rounding titlebuttons.  This is typically set  to  0  to	 allow
	       titlebuttons  to	 take  up as much space as possible and to not
	       have a border.  The default is 1.

       TitleFont string
	       This variable specifies the font to be used for displaying win‐
	       dow names in titlebars.	The default is "variable".

       TitleForeground string [{ win-list }]
	       This variable specifies the foreground color used in titlebars,
	       and may only be specified inside of a Color, Grayscale or Mono‐
	       chrome  list.   The optional win-list is a list of window names
	       and colors so that per-window colors  may  be  specified.   The
	       default is "black".

       TitlePadding pixels
	       This  variable  specifies the distance between the various but‐
	       tons, text, and highlight areas in the titlebar.	  The  default
	       is 8 pixels.

       UnknownIcon string
	       This  variable  specifies  the  filename of a bitmap file to be
	       used as the default icon.  This bitmap will be used as the icon
	       of  all clients which do not provide an icon bitmap and are not
	       listed in the Icons list.

       UsePPosition string
	       This variable specifies whether or not twm  should  honor  pro‐
	       gram-requested  locations  (given  by the PPosition flag in the
	       WM_NORMAL_HINTS property) in the absence	 of  a	user-specified
	       position.   The	argument  string may have one of three values:
	       "off" (the default) indicating that twm should ignore the  pro‐
	       gram-supplied  position,	 "on"  indicating  that	 the  position
	       should be used, and "non-zero"  indicating  that	 the  position
	       should  used  if	 it is other than (0,0).  The latter option is
	       for working around a bug in older toolkits.

       WarpCursor [{ win-list }]
	       This variable indicates that the pointer should be warped  into
	       windows when they are deiconified.  If the optional win-list is
	       given, the pointer will only be warped when those  windows  are
	       deiconified.

       WindowRing { win-list }
	       This  variable  specifies  a  list  of  windows along which the
	       f.warpring function cycles.

       WarpUnmapped
	       This variable  indicates	 that  the  f.warpto  function	should
	       deiconify  any  iconified windows it encounters.	 This is typi‐
	       cally used to make a key binding that  will  pop	 a  particular
	       window  (such  as  xmh), no matter where it is.	The default is
	       for f.warpto to ignore iconified windows.

       XorValue number
	       This variable specifies the value to use	 when  drawing	window
	       outlines	 for  moving  and  resizing.   This should be set to a
	       value that will result in a variety of of distinguishable  col‐
	       ors  when exclusive-or'ed with the contents of the user's typi‐
	       cal screen.  Setting  this  variable  to	 1  often  gives  nice
	       results	if  adjacent  colors  in the default colormap are dis‐
	       tinct.  By default, twm will attempt to cause  temporary	 lines
	       to  appear  at the opposite end of the colormap from the graph‐
	       ics.

       Zoom [ count ]
	       This variable indicates that outlines suggesting movement of  a
	       window  to  and	from  its  iconified state should be displayed
	       whenever a window is iconified or  deiconified.	 The  optional
	       count  argument	specifies  the number of outlines to be drawn.
	       The default count is 8.

       The following variables must be set after the fonts have been assigned,
       so it is usually best to put them at the end of the variables or begin‐
       ning of the bindings sections:

       DefaultFunction function
	       This variable specifies the function to be executed when a  key
	       or  button  event is received for which no binding is provided.
	       This is typically bound to f.nop, f.beep, or a menu  containing
	       window operations.

       WindowFunction function
	       This  variable  specifies the function to execute when a window
	       is selected from the TwmWindows menu.  If this variable is  not
	       set, the window will be deiconified and raised.

BINDINGS
       After  the  desired  variables have been set, functions may be attached
       titlebuttons and key and pointer buttons.  Titlebuttons	may  be	 added
       from  the  left	or right side and appear in the titlebar from left-to-
       right according to the order in which  they  are	 specified.   Key  and
       pointer button bindings may be given in any order.

       Titlebuttons  specifications must include the name of the pixmap to use
       in the button box and the function to be invoked when a pointer	button
       is pressed within them:
       LeftTitleButton "bitmapname"  = function
       or
       RightTitleButton "bitmapname" = function
       The  bitmapname	may  refer  to one of the  built-in bitmaps (which are
       scaled to match TitleFont) by using the appropriate colon-prefixed name
       described above.

       Key and pointer button specifications must give the modifiers that must
       be pressed, over which parts of the screen the  pointer	must  be,  and
       what  function  is to be invoked.  Keys are given as strings containing
       the appropriate keysym name; buttons are given  as  the	keywords  But‐
       ton1-Button5:
       "FP1"	      = modlist : context : function
       Button1	 = modlist : context : function
       The  modlist  is	 any combination of the modifier names shift, control,
       lock, meta, mod1, mod2, mod3, mod4, or mod5 (which may  be  abbreviated
       as  s, c, l, m, m1, m2, m3, m4, m5, respectively) separated by a verti‐
       cal bar (|).  Similarly, the context  is	 any  combination  of  window,
       title,  icon, root, frame, iconmgr, their first letters (iconmgr abbre‐
       viation is m), or all, separated by a vertical bar.   The  function  is
       any  of	the  f.	  keywords  described below.  For example, the default
       startup file contains the following bindings:
       Button1	 =    : root	     : f.menu "TwmWindows"
       Button1	 = m  : window | icon	  : f.function "move-or-lower"
       Button2	 = m  : window | icon	  : f.iconify
       Button3	 = m  : window | icon	  : f.function "move-or-raise"
       Button1	 =    : title	     : f.function "move-or-raise"
       Button2	 =    : title	     : f.raiselower
       Button1	 =    : icon	     : f.function "move-or-iconify"
       Button2	 =    : icon	     : f.iconify
       Button1	 =    : iconmgr : f.iconify
       Button2	 =    : iconmgr : f.iconify
       A user who wanted to be able to manipulate windows  from	 the  keyboard
       could use the following bindings:
       "F1" =	 : all		: f.iconify
       "F2" =	 : all		: f.raiselower
       "F3" =	 : all		: f.warpring "next"
       "F4" =	 : all		: f.warpto "xmh"
       "F5" =	 : all		: f.warpto "emacs"
       "F6" =	 : all		: f.colormap "next"
       "F7" =	 : all		: f.colormap "default"
       "F20"	 =    : all	     : f.warptoscreen "next"
       "Left"	 = m  : all	     : f.backiconmgr
       "Right"	 = m | s   : all	  : f.forwiconmgr
       "Up" = m	 : all		: f.upiconmgr
       "Down"	 = m | s   : all	  : f.downiconmgr
       Twm  provides many more window manipulation primitives than can be con‐
       veniently stored in a titlebar, menu, or set of key bindings.  Although
       a  small	 set of defaults are supplied (unless the NoDefaults is speci‐
       fied), most users will want to have their most common operations	 bound
       to  key and button strokes.  To do this, twm associates names with each
       of the primitives and  provides	user-defined  functions	 for  building
       higher  level  primitives  and  menus for interactively selecting among
       groups of functions.

       User-defined functions contain the name by which they are referenced in
       calls  to  f.function  and  a  list of other functions to execute.  For
       example:
       Function "move-or-lower" { f.move f.deltastop f.lower }
       Function "move-or-raise" { f.move f.deltastop f.raise }
       Function "move-or-iconify"    { f.move f.deltastop f.iconify }
       Function "restore-colormap"   { f.colormap "default" f.lower }
       The function name must be used in f.function exactly as it  appears  in
       the function specification.

       In  the	descriptions  below, if the function is said to operate on the
       selected window, but is invoked from a root menu, the  cursor  will  be
       changed	to  the	 Select cursor and the next window to receive a button
       press will be chosen:

       ! string
	       This is an abbreviation for f.exec string.

       f.autoraise
	       This function toggles whether or not  the  selected  window  is
	       raised whenever entered by the pointer.	See the description of
	       the variable AutoRaise.

       f.backiconmgr
	       This function warps the pointer to the previous column  in  the
	       current icon manager, wrapping back to the previous row if nec‐
	       essary.

       f.beep  This function sounds the keyboard bell.

       f.bottomzoom
	       This function  is  similar  to  the  f.fullzoom	function,  but
	       resizes the window to fill only the bottom half of the screen.

       f.circledown
	       This  function lowers the top-most window that occludes another
	       window.

       f.circleup
	       This function raises the bottom-most window that is occluded by
	       another window.

       f.colormap string
	       This  function rotates the colormaps (obtained from the WM_COL‐
	       ORMAP_WINDOWS property on the window)  that  twm	 will  display
	       when  the  pointer  is in this window.  The argument string may
	       have  one  of  the  following  values:  "next",	 "prev",   and
	       "default".   It	should	be  noted  here	 that  in general, the
	       installed colormap is determined by keyboard focus.  A  pointer
	       driven  keyboard	 focus	will  install  a private colormap upon
	       entry of the window owning the colormap.	 Using	the  click  to
	       type  model,  private colormaps will not be installed until the
	       user presses a mouse button on the target window.

       f.deiconify
	       This function deiconifies the selected window.  If  the	window
	       is not an icon, this function does nothing.

       f.delete
	       This   function	sends  the  WM_DELETE_WINDOW  message  to  the
	       selected window if the  client  application  has	 requested  it
	       through	the  WM_PROTOCOLS window property.  The application is
	       supposed to respond to the message by  removing	the  indicated
	       window.	 If the window has not requested WM_DELETE_WINDOW mes‐
	       sages, the keyboard bell will be rung indicating that the  user
	       should choose an alternative method.  Note this is very differ‐
	       ent from f.destroy.  The intent here is to delete a single win‐
	       dow,  not necessarily the entire application.

       f.deltastop
	       This  function  allows a user-defined function to be aborted if
	       the pointer has been moved more than MoveDelta pixels.  See the
	       example	definition  given  for Function "move-or-raise" at the
	       beginning of the section.

       f.destroy
	       This function instructs the X server to close the display  con‐
	       nection	of  the client that created the selected window.  This
	       should only be used as a last resort for shutting down  runaway
	       clients.	 See also f.delete.

       f.downiconmgr
	       This  function warps the pointer to the next row in the current
	       icon manger, wrapping to the beginning of the  next  column  if
	       necessary.

       f.exec string
	       This  function passes the argument string to /bin/sh for execu‐
	       tion.  In multiscreen mode, if string starts  a	new  X	client
	       without	giving	a  display argument, the client will appear on
	       the screen from which this function was invoked.

       f.focus This function toggles the keyboard focus of the server  to  the
	       selected window, changing the focus rule from pointer-driven if
	       necessary.  If the selected window already  was	focused,  this
	       function executes an f.unfocus.

       f.forcemove
	       This  function  is like f.move except that it ignores the Dont‐
	       MoveOff variable.

       f.forwiconmgr
	       This function warps the pointer to the next column in the  cur‐
	       rent icon manager, wrapping to the beginning of the next row if
	       necessary.

       f.fullzoom
	       This function resizes the selected window to the full  size  of
	       the  display  or	 else restores the original size if the window
	       was already zoomed.

       f.function string
	       This function executes the user-defined function whose name  is
	       specified by the argument string.

       f.hbzoom
	       This function is a synonym for f.bottomzoom.

       f.hideiconmgr
	       This function unmaps the current icon manager.

       f.horizoom
	       This variable is similar to the f.zoom function except that the
	       selected window is resized to the full width of the display.

       f.htzoom
	       This function is a synonym for f.topzoom.

       f.hzoom This function is a synonym for f.horizoom.

       f.iconify
	       This function iconifies or deiconifies the selected  window  or
	       icon, respectively.

       f.identify
	       This  function  displays	 a summary of the name and geometry of
	       the selected window.  If the server supports  the  SYNC	exten‐
	       sion, the priority of the client owning the window is also dis‐
	       played.	Clicking the pointer or pressing a key in  the	window
	       will dismiss it.

       f.lefticonmgr
	       This  function  similar	to  f.backiconmgr except that wrapping
	       does not change rows.

       f.leftzoom
	       This variable is	 similar  to  the  f.bottomzoom	 function  but
	       causes  the selected window is only resized to the left half of
	       the display.

       f.lower This function lowers the selected window.

       f.menu string
	       This function  invokes  the  menu  specified  by	 the  argument
	       string.	 Cascaded  menus  may  be  built  by  nesting calls to
	       f.menu.

       f.move  This function drags an outline of the selected window  (or  the
	       window  itself  if  the	OpaqueMove  variable is set) until the
	       invoking pointer button is released.   Double  clicking	within
	       the  number  of milliseconds given by ConstrainedMoveTime warps
	       the pointer to the center of the window and constrains the move
	       to  be  either  horizontal  or vertical depending on which grid
	       line is crossed.	 To abort a move, press another button	before
	       releasing the first button.

       f.nexticonmgr
	       This  function  warps the pointer to the next icon manager con‐
	       taining any windows on the current or any succeeding screen.

       f.nop   This function does nothing  and	is  typically  used  with  the
	       DefaultFunction	or  WindowFunction  variables  or to introduce
	       blank lines in menus.

       f.previconmgr
	       This function warps the pointer to the  previous	 icon  manager
	       containing any windows on the current or preceding screens.

       f.priority string
	       This  function  sets  the  priority  of	the  client owning the
	       selected window to the numeric value of	the  argument  string,
	       which  should  be a signed integer in double quotes (e.g. "999"
	       ).  This function has an effect only if the server supports the
	       SYNC extension.

       f.quit  This  function  causes  twm to restore the window's borders and
	       exit.  If twm is the first client invoked from xdm,  this  will
	       result in a server reset.

       f.raise This function raises the selected window.

       f.raiselower
	       This  function  raises  the  selected  window to the top of the
	       stacking order if it is occluded by any windows, otherwise  the
	       window will be lowered.

       f.refresh
	       This function causes all windows to be refreshed.

       f.resize
	       This  function  displays	 an  outline  of  the selected window.
	       Crossing a border (or setting  AutoRelativeResize)  will	 cause
	       the  outline  to begin to rubber band until the invoking button
	       is released.  To abort a resize, press  another	button	before
	       releasing the first button.

       f.restart
	       This function kills and restarts twm.

       f.startwm string
	       This  function  kills twm and starts another window manager, as
	       specified by string.

       f.righticonmgr
	       This function is similar to f.nexticonmgr except that  wrapping
	       does not change rows.

       f.rightzoom
	       This  variable  is  similar to the f.bottomzoom function except
	       that the selected window is only resized to the right  half  of
	       the display.

       f.saveyourself
	       This  function  sends a WM_SAVEYOURSELF message to the selected
	       window if it has requested the message in its WM_PROTOCOLS win‐
	       dow property.  Clients that accept this message are supposed to
	       checkpoint all state associated with the window and update  the
	       WM_COMMAND property as specified in the ICCCM.  If the selected
	       window has not selected for this	 message,  the	keyboard  bell
	       will be rung.

       f.showiconmgr
	       This function maps the current icon manager.

       f.sorticonmgr
	       This  function  sorts  the  entries in the current icon manager
	       alphabetically.	See the variable SortIconManager.

       f.title This function provides a centered, unselectable item in a  menu
	       definition.  It should not be used in any other context.

       f.topzoom
	       This  variable  is  similar to the f.bottomzoom function except
	       that the selected window is only resized to the top half of the
	       display.

       f.unfocus
	       This  function  resets  the focus back to pointer-driven.  This
	       should be used when a focused window is no longer desired.

       f.upiconmgr
	       This function warps the pointer to the previous row in the cur‐
	       rent  icon manager, wrapping to the last row in the same column
	       if necessary.

       f.vlzoom
	       This function is a synonym for f.leftzoom.

       f.vrzoom
	       This function is a synonym for f.rightzoom.

       f.warpring string
	       This function warps the pointer to the next or previous	window
	       (as  indicated  by  the argument string, which may be "next" or
	       "prev") specified in the WindowRing variable.

       f.warpto string
	       This function warps the pointer to the window which has a  name
	       or  class  that matches string.	If the window is iconified, it
	       will be deiconified if the variable WarpUnmapped is set or else
	       ignored.

       f.warptoiconmgr string
	       This function warps the pointer to the icon manager entry asso‐
	       ciated with the window containing the pointer in the icon  man‐
	       ager  specified	by  the	 argument  string.  If string is empty
	       (i.e. ""), the current icon manager is chosen.

       f.warptoscreen string
	       This function warps the pointer to the screen specified by  the
	       argument string.	 String may be a number (e.g. "0" or "1"), the
	       word "next" (indicating the current  screen  plus  1,  skipping
	       over  any  unmanaged  screens), the word "back" (indicating the
	       current screen minus 1, skipping over any  unmanaged  screens),
	       or the word "prev" (indicating the last screen visited.

       f.winrefresh
	       This  function is similar to the f.refresh function except that
	       only the selected window is refreshed.

       f.zoom  This function is similar to  the	 f.fullzoom  function,	except
	       that the only the height of the selected window is changed.

MENUS
       Functions  may be grouped and interactively selected using pop-up (when
       bound to a pointer button) or pull-down (when associated with a	title‐
       button)	menus.	 Each menu specification contains the name of the menu
       as it will be referred to by f.menu, optional  default  foreground  and
       background colors, the list of item names and the functions they should
       invoke, and optional foreground and background  colors  for  individual
       items:
       Menu "menuname" [ ("deffore":"defback") ]
       {
	    string1   [ ("fore1":"backn")]     function1
	    string2   [ ("fore2":"backn")]     function2
		 .
		 .
		 .
	    stringN   [ ("foreN":"backN")]     functionN
       }

       The menuname is case-sensitive.	The optional deffore and defback argu‐
       ments specify the foreground and background colors used on a color dis‐
       play  to highlight menu entries.	 The string portion of each menu entry
       will be the text which will appear in the menu.	The optional fore  and
       back arguments specify the foreground and background colors of the menu
       entry when the pointer is not in the entry.  These colors will only  be
       used on a color display.	 The default is to use the colors specified by
       the MenuForeground and MenuBackground variables.	 The function  portion
       of  the	menu entry is one of the functions, including any user-defined
       functions, or additional menus.

       There is a special menu named TwmWindows which contains	the  names  of
       all  of	the  client and twm-supplied windows.  Selecting an entry will
       cause the WindowFunction to be executed on that window.	If WindowFunc‐
       tion hasn't been set, the window will be deiconified and raised.

ICONS
       Twm  supports several different ways of manipulating iconified windows.
       The common pixmap-and-text style may be laid out by hand	 or  automati‐
       cally arranged as described by the IconRegion variable.	In addition, a
       terse grid of icon names, called an icon manager, provides a more effi‐
       cient use of screen space as well as the ability to navigate among win‐
       dows from the keyboard.

       An icon manager is a window that contains names of selected or all win‐
       dows currently on the display.  In addition to the window name, a small
       button using the default iconify symbol will be displayed to  the  left
       of  the	name when the window is iconified.  By default, clicking on an
       entry in the icon manager performs f.iconify.  To  change  the  actions
       taken  in the icon manager, use the the iconmgr context when specifying
       button and keyboard bindings.

       Moving the pointer into the icon manager also directs keyboard focus to
       the indicated window (setting the focus explicitly or else sending syn‐
       thetic events NoTitleFocus is set).  Using the f.upiconmgr, f.downicon‐
       mgr f.lefticonmgr, and f.righticonmgr functions, the input focus can be
       changed between windows directly from the keyboard.

BUGS
       The resource manager should have been used instead of all of the window
       lists.

       The IconRegion variable should take a list.

       Double  clicking	 very  fast  to get the constrained move function will
       sometimes cause the window to move, even	 though	 the  pointer  is  not
       moved.

       If  IconifyByUnmapping  is  on  and  windows are listed in IconManager‐
       DontShow but not in DontIconifyByUnmapping, they may be	lost  if  they
       are  iconified  and  no bindings to f.menu "TwmWindows" or f.warpto are
       setup.

FILES
       $HOME/.twmrc.<screen number>
       $HOME/.twmrc
       /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/twm/system.twmrc

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       DISPLAY This variable is used to determine which X server to  use.   It
	       is  also	 set  during  f.exec  so  that programs come up on the
	       proper screen.

       HOME    This variable is used as the prefix for files that begin with a
	       tilde and for locating the twm startup file.

SEE ALSO
       X(7), Xserver(1), xdm(1), xrdb(1)

AUTHORS
       Tom  LaStrange, Solbourne Computer; Jim Fulton, MIT X Consortium; Steve
       Pitschke, Stardent Computer; Keith  Packard,  MIT  X  Consortium;  Dave
       Sternlicht, MIT X Consortium; Dave Payne, Apple Computer.

X Version 11			   twm 1.0.4				TWM(1)
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