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TEX(1L)								       TEX(1L)

NAME
       tex, initex, virtex  - text formatting and typesetting

SYNOPSIS
       tex [ first line ]

       initex [ first line ]

       virtex [ first line ]

DESCRIPTION
       TeX on the NeXT computer system must be installed before its first use.
       It's available on the NEXTSTEP Release 3 CD-ROM,	 in  a	package	 named
       NeXTTeX.

       TeX  formats  the interspersed text and commands contained in the named
       files and outputs a typesetter independent file (called	DVI  which  is
       short  for  DeVice  Independent).   TeX	capabilities  and language are
       described in The TeX book by Donald E.  Knuth,  published  by  Addison-
       Wesley.	 There	is  also  an  older  manual,  TeX  and METAFONT, which
       describes the older version of TeX  ,  now  called  TeX	78,  but  this
       description  is	now  obsolete.	 The  present  version	of TeX	(often
       refered to internally as TeX 82)	 incorporates  literally  hundreds  of
       changes from this older version.

       Any  arguments given on the command line to the TeX programs are passed
       to them as the first input line.	 As described in The  TeX  book,  that
       line  should  begin with a file name or a \controlsequence.  The normal
       usage is to say ``tex paper'' to start processing paper.tex.  The  name
       ``paper''  will	be the ``jobname'', and is used in forming output file
       names.  If TeX  doesn't get a file name in the first line, the  jobname
       is  ``texput''.	 The  default  `.tex'  extension  can be overridden by
       specifying an extension explicitly.

       If there is no paper.tex in the current directory, TeX  will look  look
       through	a  search path of directories to try to find it.  The standard
       library on the default  search  path  has  the  basic  format  package,
       plain.tex,  described in the TeX book, as well as several others.  Note
       that it is hardly ever necessary to \input plain, since the tex program
       has  preloaded  it.   This  means  that	all  of	 the control sequences
       discussed in the TeX book are known to TeX .

       The output DVI file is written on name.dvi where name is	 the  jobname.
       A log of error messages goes into name.log.

       Note  that  there  have	been  incompatible  changes  in the DVI format
       between TeX 78 and TeX 82, so programs used to print TeX 78 output will
       not  work  for  TeX 82.	A number of output drivers are available.  Ask
       your local TeX  guru for information on what one you should use.

       There are some environment  variables  that  can	 be  used  to  set  up
       directory  paths	 to  search  when  TeX	 opens	a file for input.  For
       example, the csh command
	 setenv TEXINPUTS .:/usr/me/mylib:/usr/lib/tex/inputs
       or the sh command sequence
	   TEXINPUTS=.:/usr/me/mylib:/usr/lib/tex/inputs
	   export TEXINPUTS
       would cause all invocations of tex and  its  derivatives	 to  look  for
       \input  files  first  in	 the current directory, then in a hypothetical
       user's ``mylib'', and finally in the  system  library.	Normally,  the
       user  will  place  the  command	sequence  which	 sets up the TEXINPUTS
       environment variable in the .cshrc or .profile file.   The  Environment
       section	below  lists  the  relevant  environment  variables, and their
       defaults.

       The e response to TeX 's error prompt causes the vi editor to start  up
       at  the	current	 line  of  the	current file.  There is an environment
       variable, TEXEDIT, that can be used to  change  the  editor  used.   It
       should  contain	a  string with "%s" indicating where the filename goes
       and "%d" indicating where the decimal linenumber (if  any)  goes.   For
       example, a TEXEDIT string for (Gosling's) emacs can be set by:
	 setenv TEXEDIT "/usr/bin/emacs -l/usr/lib/tex82/tex-start -estartline
       %d %s"
       (replacing the path name for the emacs as appropriate on your system).

       A convenient file in the library is null.tex, containing nothing.  When
       tex  can't find a file it thinks you want to input, it keeps asking you
       for another file name;  responding `null' gets you out of the  loop  if
       you don't want to input anything.

       Two other TeX  programs, initex and virtex, can be used to create fast-
       loading customized versions of TeX .  The initex	 program  is  used  to
       create  a  format  (.fmt)  file	that permits fast loading of fonts and
       macro packages.	After processing the fonts and definitions desired,  a
       \dump  command will create the format file.  The format file is used by
       virtex.	It needs to be given a format file name as the first thing  it
       reads.	A  format  file	 name  is  preceded by an &, which needs to be
       escaped with \ if given on the command line.   So,  for	instance,  one
       could  create  a	 file myfmt.fmt using initex, and then set up a cshell
       alias with
	 alias mytex "virtex \&myfmt"
       to allow the use of ``mytex paper''.

ENVIRONMENT
       The defaults for all environments are set at the time  of  compilation,
       by  reference  to  a  file  called  site.h.  The values given below are
       preset in this file, and may be different at some sites.

       TEXINPUTS
	      Search path for \input and \openin files.	 It should  be	colon-
	      separated,  and  start  with  ``.''.  The entire path must be no
	      longer than 700 characters long.	Default: .:/usr/lib/tex/inputs

       TEXFONTS
	      Search path for font metric files.  The entire path must	be  no
	      longer  than  100	 characters long.  The default doesn't include
	      the current area (".") to	 avoid	confusing  the	programs  that
	      convert  the  output  for printing on the various output devices
	      (most of which don't know about the path stuff  yet).   Default:
	      /usr/lib/tex/fonts

       TEXFORMATS
	      Search path for format files.  Default: .:/usr/lib/tex

       TEXPOOL
	      Search path for TeX  strings.  Default: .:/usr/lib/tex

       TEXEDIT
	      Command	 template   for	  switching   to   editor.    Default:
	      "/usr/bin/emacs +%d %s"

FILES
       /usr/lib/tex   TeX 's library area

       /usr/lib/tex/tex.pool
		      Encoded text of TeX 's messages

       /usr/lib/tex/fonts
		      TeX 's fonts and width tables

       /usr/lib/tex/fonts/*.*[gf,pk]
		      Bit maps	for  low  resolution  devices.	This  is  very
		      dependent on the organization of the local system

       /usr/lib/tex/fonts/*.tfm
		      Width information used by TeX  (TeX  Font Metric files)

       /usr/lib/tex/inputs
		      TeX  .fmt files

       /usr/lib/tex/inputs/plain.*
		      The ``default'' macro package

SEE ALSO
       Donald E. Knuth, The TeX book
       Leslie Lamport, The LaTeX Document Preparation System
       Michael Spivak, The Joy of TeX
       TUGBOAT (the publication of the TeX  Users Group)
       Differences between TeX 82 and SAIL TeX

TRIVIA
       TeX  ,  pronounced  properly,  rhymes with ``blecchhh.''	 Note that the
       proper spelling in typewriter-like output is ``TeX'' and not ``TEX'' or
       ``tex.''

BUGS
       Maybe  there  should be character other than & to specify format files,
       since if you forget the \ on the command line, it doesn't do  what  you
       want!  Also, there is no way to read a TeX  input file with no filename
       extension.

AUTHORS
       TeX  was designed by Donald E. Knuth, who implemented it using his  WEB
       system  for  Pascal  programs.	It  was	 ported to Unix at Stanford by
       Howard Trickey, and at Cornell by Pavel	Curtis.	  This	version	 is  a
       combination of their efforts.

				    12/4/83			       TEX(1L)
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