tcp man page on Ultrix

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tcp(4p)								       tcp(4p)

Name
       tcp - Internet Transmission Control Protocol

Syntax
       #include <sys/socket.h>
       #include <netinet/in.h>

       s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

Description
       The  TCP protocol provides reliable, flow-controlled, two-way transmis‐
       sion of data.  It  is  a	 byte-stream  protocol	used  to  support  the
       SOCK_STREAM abstraction.	 TCP uses the standard Internet address format
       and, in addition, provides a per-host collection of ``port addresses''.
       Thus,  each  address  is composed of an Internet address specifying the
       host and network, with a specific TCP port on the host identifying  the
       peer entity.

       Sockets	utilizing  the	TCP  protocol  are either ``active'' or ``pas‐
       sive''.	Active sockets initiate connections to	passive	 sockets.   By
       default	TCP sockets are created active; to create a passive socket the
       system call must be used after binding the socket with the system call.
       Only  passive  sockets can use the call to accept incoming connections.
       Only active sockets can use the call to initiate connections.

       Passive sockets can ``underspecify'' their location to  match  incoming
       connection  requests  from  multiple  networks.	This technique, termed
       ``wildcard addressing'', allows a single server to provide  service  to
       clients	on  multiple networks.	To create a socket that listens on all
       networks, the Internet address INADDR_ANY must be bound.	 The TCP  port
       can  still  be  specified  at this time.	 If the port is not specified,
       the system will assign one.  Once a connection  has  been  established,
       the  socket's  address  is  fixed  by the peer entity's location.   The
       address assigned the socket is the address associated with the  network
       interface  through  which  packets  are being transmitted and received.
       Normally, this address corresponds to the peer entity's network.

       TCP supports one socket option that is set with and tested  with	 Under
       most circumstances, TCP sends data when it is presented; when outstand‐
       ing data has not yet been acknowledged, it  gathers  small  amounts  of
       output  to  be  sent  in	 a  single  packet, once an acknowledgement is
       received.  For a small number of clients, such as window	 systems  that
       send  a stream of mouse events that receive no replies, this packetiza‐
       tion may cause significant delays.  Therefore, TCP provides  a  Boolean
       option,	TCP_NODELAY  (from to defeat this algorithm.  The option level
       for the call is the protocol number for TCP, available from

Diagnostics
       A socket operation may fail with one of the following errors returned:

       [EISCONN]	   Try to establish a connection  on  a	 socket	 which
			   already has one.

       [ENOBUFS]	   The	system runs out of memory for an internal data
			   structure.

       [ETIMEDOUT]	   A connection was dropped due to excessive  retrans‐
			   missions.

       [ECONNRESET]	   The remote peer forces the connection to be closed.

       [ECONNREFUSED]	   The	remote peer actively refuses connection estab‐
			   lishment (usually because no process	 is  listening
			   to the port).

       [EADDRINUSE]	   An  attempt	is made to create a socket with a port
			   that has already been allocated.

       [EADDRNOTAVAIL]	   An attempt is made to create a socket with  a  net‐
			   work address for which no network interface exists.

See Also
       getsockopt(2), socket(2), inet(4f), intro(4n), ip(4p)

								       tcp(4p)
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