strtoul man page on CentOS

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STRTOUL(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    STRTOUL(3)

NAME
       strtoul, strtoull, strtouq - convert a string to an unsigned long inte‐
       ger

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdlib.h>

       unsigned long int
       strtoul(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

       unsigned long long int
       strtoull(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION
       The strtoul() function converts the initial part of the string in  nptr
       to  an  unsigned	 long integer value according to the given base, which
       must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

       The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter‐
       mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign.  If
       base is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x' prefix, and  the
       number  will  be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
       (decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it  is	 taken
       as 8 (octal).

       The  remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long int value
       in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is	not  a
       valid  digit  in the given base.	 (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in
       either upper or lower case represents 10, `B'  represents  11,  and  so
       forth, with `Z' representing 35.)

       If  endptr  is  not  NULL,  strtoul()  stores  the address of the first
       invalid character in *endptr.  If there were no	digits	at  all,  str‐
       toul()  stores  the  original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).
       In particular, if *nptr is not `\0' but **endptr is `\0' on return, the
       entire string is valid.

       The  strtoull()	function  works	 just  like the strtoul() function but
       returns an unsigned long long integer value.

RETURN VALUE
       The strtoul() function returns either the result of the conversion  or,
       if  there  was  a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the
       conversion represented as an unsigned value, unless the original	 (non-
       negated)	 value	would  overflow; in the latter case, strtoul() returns
       ULONG_MAX and sets the global variable errno to ERANGE.	Precisely  the
       same holds for strtoull() (with ULLONG_MAX instead of ULONG_MAX).

ERRORS
       EINVAL (not in C99) The given base contains an unsupported value.

       ERANGE The resulting value was out of range.

       The  implementation  may also set errno to EINVAL in case no conversion
       was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).

NOTES
       Since strtoul() can legitimately return 0 or  LONG_MAX  (LLONG_MAX  for
       strtoull()) on both success and failure, the calling program should set
       errno to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred  by
       checking whether errno has a non-zero value after the call.

       In  locales  other  than the "C" locale, other strings may be accepted.
       (For example, the thousands separator of the current locale may be sup‐
       ported.)

       BSD also has

	   u_quad_t
	   strtouq(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

       with completely analogous definition.  Depending on the wordsize of the
       current architecture, this may be equivalent to strtoull() or  to  str‐
       toul().

       Negative	 values	 are considered valid input and are silently converted
       to the equivalent unsigned long value.

CONFORMING TO
       strtoul() conforms to SVr4, C99 and POSIX-2001, and strtoull()  to  C99
       and POSIX.1-2001.

EXAMPLE
       See  the example on the strtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions
       described in this manual page is similar.

SEE ALSO
       atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtol(3)

GNU				  2002-05-30			    STRTOUL(3)
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