STRTOL(3) BSD Programmer's Manual STRTOL(3)NAME
strtol, strtoll - convert string value to a long or long long
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
long
strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
long long
strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
DESCRIPTION
The strtol() function converts the string in nptr to a long value. The
strtoll() function converts the string in nptr to a long long value. The
conversion is done according to the given base, which must be between 2
and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.
The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as deter-
mined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional `+' or `-' sign. If
base is zero or 16, the string may then include a `0x' prefix, and the
number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10
(decimal) unless the next character is `0', in which case it is taken as
8 (octal).
The remainder of the string is converted to a long value in the obvious
manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the
given base. (In bases above 10, the letter `A' in either upper or lower
case represents 10, `B' represents 11, and so forth, with `Z' represent-
ing 35.)
If endptr is non nil, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid
character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, however, strtol()
stores the original value of nptr in *endptr. (Thus, if *nptr is not `\0'
but **endptr is `\0' on return, the entire string was valid.)
RETURN VALUES
The strtol() and strtoll() functions return the result of the conversion,
unless the value would underflow or overflow. If an underflow occurs,
strtol() returns LONG_MIN and strtoll() returns QUAD_MIN. If an overflow
occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX and strtoll() returns QUAD_MAX. In both
cases, errno is set to ERANGE.
ERRORS
[ERANGE] The given string was out of range; the value converted has been
clamped.
SEE ALSOatof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtoul(3)STANDARDS
The strtol() function conforms to ANSI C X3.159-1989 (``ANSI C '').
BUGS
Ignores the current locale.
The strtoq() function is identical to strtoll() and is provided for com-
patibility with older software.
BSDI BSD/OS March 10, 2000 1
