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strftime(3C)							  strftime(3C)

NAME
       strftime() - convert date and time to string

SYNOPSIS
DESCRIPTION
       The  function converts the contents of a structure (see ctime(3C)) to a
       formatted date and time string.

       places characters into the array pointed to by s as controlled  by  the
       string  pointed	to  by	format.	 The format string consists of zero or
       more directives and ordinary characters.	 A  directive  consists	 of  a
       character,  an  optional field width and precision specification, and a
       terminating character that determines the  directive's  behavior.   All
       ordinary	 characters  (including	 the  terminating  null	 character are
       copied unchanged into the array.	 No more than maxsize  characters  are
       placed  into  the array.	 Each directive is replaced by the appropriate
       characters as described in the following list.  The appropriate charac‐
       ters are determined by the program's locale, by the values contained in
       the structure pointed to by timeptr, and by  the	 environment  variable
       (see below).

   Directives
       The  following  directives,  shown without the optional field width and
       precision specification, are replaced by the indicated characters:

	      Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
	      Locale's full weekday name.
	      Locale's abbreviated month name.
	      Locale's full month name.
	      Locale's appropriate date and time representation.
	      The century number (the year divided by 100 and truncated to  an
	      integer)
			as a decimal number [00-99].
	      Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
	      Equivalent to the directive string
	      Day  of  the month as a decimal number [1,31]; a single digit is
	      preceded by a space.
	      Equivalent to the directive string
			(the ISO 8601:2000 standard date format)
	      Last 2 digits  of	 the  week-based  year	as  a  decimal	number
	      [00,99].
	      Week-based year as a decimal number (for example, 1977).
	      Equivalent to
	      Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
	      Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
	      Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
	      Month as a decimal number [01,12].
	      Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
	      The New-line character.
	      Locale's equivalent of either
			AM or PM.
	      The  time	 in  AM	 and  PM notation; in the POSIX locale this is
	      equivalent to
	      The time in 24 hour notation
	      Second as a decimal number [00,61].
	      The Tab character.
	      The time in hours, minutes, and seconds
	      The weekday as a decimal number [1(Monday),7].
	      Week number of the year
			(Sunday as the first day of the	 week)	as  a  decimal
			number	[00,53].  All days in a new year preceding the
			first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
	      The week number of the year (Monday as  the  first  day  of  the
	      week) as a
			decimal	 number [01,53].  If the week containing Janu‐
			ary 1st has four or more days in the new year, then it
			is  considered	week 1; otherwise, it is the last week
			of the previous year, and the next week is week 1.
	      Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].
	      Week number of the year
			(Monday as the first day of the	 week)	as  a  decimal
			number	[00,53].  All days in a new year preceding the
			first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
	      Locale's appropriate date representation.
	      Locale's appropriate time representation.
	      Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
	      Year with century as a decimal number.
	      Offset from UTC in the ISO 8601:2000 standards format (
			or or by no characters if no timezone is determinable.
	      Time zone name (or by no characters if no time zone exists).
	      The percent (%) character.

       The following directives are provided for backward  compatibility  with
       the directives supported by and the functions.  These directives may be
       removed in a future release.  It is  recommended	 that  the  directives
       above be used in preference to those below.

	      Locale's combined Emperor/Era name and year (use
			instead).
	      instead).
	      Locale's Emperor/Era name (use
			instead).
	      Locale's Emperor/Era year (use
			instead).

       If a directive is not one of the above, the behavior is undefined.

       and  give  values  according  to	 the ISO 8601:2000 standard week-based
       year.  In this system, weeks begin on a Monday and week 1 of  the  year
       is  the	week  that  includes  January 4th, which is also the week that
       includes the first Thursday of the year, and is	also  the  first  week
       that  contains  at least four days in the year.	If the first Monday of
       January is the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th, the preceding days  are	 part  of  the
       last  week  of the preceding year; thus, for Saturday 2nd January 1999,
       is replaced by 1998 and is replaced by 53.  If December 29th, 30th,  or
       31st  is	 a Monday, it and any following days are part of week 1 of the
       following year.	Thus, for Tuesday 30th December 1997, is  replaced  by
       1998 and is replaced by 01.

   Modified Conversion Specifiers
       Some conversion specifiers can be modified by the E or O modifier char‐
       acters to indicate that an alternative format or	 specification	should
       be  used rather than the one normally used by the unmodified conversion
       specifier.  If the alternative format or specification does  not	 exist
       for  the current locale, the behavior will be as if the unmodified con‐
       version specification were used.	 Alternative numeric symbols refers to
       those symbols defined by the (see langinfo(5)) in the locale.

	      The  locales  alternative	 appropriate date and time representa‐
	      tion.
	      The name of the base year (period/Emperor/Era) in	 the  locale's
	      alternative
			representation.
	      The locale's alternative date representation
	      The locale's alternative time representation.
	      The offset from
			(year  only)  in  the locale's alternative representa‐
			tion.
	      The full alternative year representation.
	      The day of the month, using  the	locale's  alternative  numeric
	      symbols,
			filled	as  needed  with leading zeros if there is any
			alternative symbol for zero,  otherwise	 with  leading
			spaces.
	      the  day	of  the	 month, using the locale's alternative numeric
	      symbols, filled as needed with leading spaces.
	      The hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternative  numeric
	      symbols.
	      The  hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternative numeric
	      symbols.
	      The month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
	      The minutes using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
	      The seconds using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
	      The weekday as a number in the locale's alternative  representa‐
	      tion (Monday=1).
	      The week number of the year
			(Sunday	 as  the  first	 day of the week, rules corre‐
			sponding to using  the	locale's  alternative  numeric
			symbols.
	      The week number of the year
			(Monday	 as  the  first	 day of the week, rules corre‐
			sponding to using that	locale's  alternative  numeric
			symbols.
	      The number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's alterna‐
	      tive numeric symbols.
	      The week number of the year (Monday as  the  first  day  of  the
	      week) using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
	      The year (offset from
			in  the	 locale's alternative representation and using
			the locale's alternative symbols.

   Field Width and Precision
       An optional field width and  precision  specification  can  immediately
       follow the initial of a directive in the following order:

       The decimal digit string
		 w  specifies a minimum field width in which the result of the
		 conversion is right- or left-justified.  It  is  right-justi‐
		 fied  (with  space padding) by default.  If the optional flag
		 is specified, it is left-justified with space padding on  the
		 right.	 If the optional flag is specified, it is right-justi‐
		 fied and padded with zeros on the left.

       The decimal digit string
		 p specifies the minimum number of digits to  appear  for  the
		 and  directives,  and	the maximum number of bytes to be used
		 from the and directives.  In the first case, if  a  directive
		 supplies  fewer  digits  than	specified by the precision, it
		 will be expanded with leading zeros.  In the second case,  if
		 a  directive supplies more bytes than specified by the preci‐
		 sion, excess bytes will truncated on the right.

       If no field width or precision is  specified  for  a  or	 directive,  a
       default of is used for all but for which is used.

EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
   Locale
       The  category  determines  the  characters  to be substituted for those
       directives described above as being from the locale.

       The category determines the interpretation of the bytes	within	format
       as single and/or multi-byte characters.

       The  category  determines the characters used to form numbers for those
       directives that produce numbers in the output.  If (see langinfo(5)) is
       defined	for  the locale, the characters so specified are used in place
       of the default ASCII characters.	  If  both  and	 is  defined  for  the
       locale, will take precedence over

   Environment Variables
       determines  the time zone name substituted for the directive.  The time
       zone name is determined by calling the function which sets the external
       variable (see ctime(3C)).

   International Code Set Support
       Single- and multi-byte character code sets are supported.

RETURN VALUE
       If  the	total number of resulting bytes including the terminating null
       byte is not more than maxsize, returns the number of bytes placed  into
       the  array  pointed  to	by s, not including the terminating null byte.
       Otherwise, zero is returned and the contents of the array are  indeter‐
       minate.

EXAMPLES
       If the timeptr argument contains the following values:

       the  following  combinations of the category and format strings produce
       the indicated output:

	      LC_TIME	     Format String	 Output
	      ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
	      en_US.roman8   %x			 Mon, Jul 4, 1988
	      de_De.roman8   %x			 Mo., 4. Juli 1988
	      en_US.roman8   %X			 03:09:04 PM
	      fr_FR.roman8   %X			 15h09 04
	      any*	     %H:%M:%S		 15:09:04
	      any*	     %.1H:%.1M:%.1S	 15:9:4
	      any*	     %2.1H:%-3M:%03.1S	 15:9  :004

       * The directives used in these examples are not affected by  the	 cate‐
       gory of the locale.

WARNINGS
       If  the	arguments s and format are defined such that they overlap, the
       behavior is undefined.

       The function is called upon every invocation of	(whether  or  not  the
       time zone name is copied to the output array).

       The  range  of values for ([0,61]) extends to 61 to allow for the occa‐
       sional one or two leap seconds.	However, the system does  not  accumu‐
       late leap seconds and the structure generated by the functions and (see
       ctime(3C)) never reflects any leap seconds.

       Results are undefined if values contained in the structure  pointed  to
       by  timeptr exceed the ranges defined for the structure (see ctime(3C))
       or are not consistent (such as if the element is set to	0,  indicating
       the  first day of January, while the element is set to 11, indicating a
       day in December).

AUTHOR
       was developed by HP.

SEE ALSO
       date(1),	 ctime(3C),  getdate(3C),  setlocale(3C),  environ(5),	 lang‐
       info(5), thread_safety(5).

STANDARDS CONFORMANCE
								  strftime(3C)
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