stdlib.h(0P) POSIX Programmer's Manual stdlib.h(0P)PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
not be implemented on Linux.
NAMEstdlib.h — standard library definitions
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
DESCRIPTION
Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends the
ISO C standard. Applications shall define the appropriate feature test
macro (see the System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 2.2,
The Compilation Environment) to enable the visibility of these symbols
in this header.
The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macros which shall
expand to integer constant expressions:
EXIT_FAILURE
Unsuccessful termination for exit(); evaluates to a non-
zero value.
EXIT_SUCCESS
Successful termination for exit(); evaluates to 0.
{RAND_MAX} Maximum value returned by rand(); at least 32767.
The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following macro which shall
expand to a positive integer expression with type size_t:
{MB_CUR_MAX}
Maximum number of bytes in a character specified by the
current locale (category LC_CTYPE).
The <stdlib.h> header shall define NULL as described in <stddef.h>.
The <stdlib.h> header shall define the following data types through
typedef:
div_t Structure type returned by the div() function.
ldiv_t Structure type returned by the ldiv() function.
lldiv_t Structure type returned by the lldiv() function.
size_t As described in <stddef.h>.
wchar_t As described in <stddef.h>.
In addition, the <stdlib.h> header shall define the following symbolic
constants and macros as described in <sys/wait.h>:
WEXITSTATUS
WIFEXITED
WIFSIGNALED
WIFSTOPPED
WNOHANG
WSTOPSIG
WTERMSIG
WUNTRACED
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined as
macros. Function prototypes shall be provided.
void _Exit(int);
long a64l(const char *);
void abort(void);
int abs(int);
int atexit(void (*)(void));
double atof(const char *);
int atoi(const char *);
long atol(const char *);
long long atoll(const char *);
void *bsearch(const void *, const void *, size_t, size_t,
int (*)(const void *, const void *));
void *calloc(size_t, size_t);
div_t div(int, int);
double drand48(void);
double erand48(unsigned short [3]);
void exit(int);
void free(void *);
char *getenv(const char *);
int getsubopt(char **, char *const *, char **);
int grantpt(int);
char *initstate(unsigned, char *, size_t);
long jrand48(unsigned short [3]);
char *l64a(long);
long labs(long);
void lcong48(unsigned short [7]);
ldiv_t ldiv(long, long);
long long llabs(long long);
lldiv_t lldiv(long long, long long);
long lrand48(void);
void *malloc(size_t);
int mblen(const char *, size_t);
size_t mbstowcs(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
int mbtowc(wchar_t *restrict, const char *restrict, size_t);
char *mkdtemp(char *);
int mkstemp(char *);
long mrand48(void);
long nrand48(unsigned short [3]);
int posix_memalign(void **, size_t, size_t);
int posix_openpt(int);
char *ptsname(int);
int putenv(char *);
void qsort(void *, size_t, size_t, int (*)(const void *,
const void *));
int rand(void);
int rand_r(unsigned *);
long random(void);
void *realloc(void *, size_t);
char *realpath(const char *restrict, char *restrict);
unsigned short *seed48(unsigned short [3]);
int setenv(const char *, const char *, int);
void setkey(const char *);
char *setstate(char *);
void srand(unsigned);
void srand48(long);
void srandom(unsigned);
double strtod(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
float strtof(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
long strtol(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
long double strtold(const char *restrict, char **restrict);
long long strtoll(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
unsigned long strtoul(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
unsigned long long
strtoull(const char *restrict, char **restrict, int);
int system(const char *);
int unlockpt(int);
int unsetenv(const char *);
size_t wcstombs(char *restrict, const wchar_t *restrict, size_t);
int wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
Inclusion of the <stdlib.h> header may also make visible all symbols
from <stddef.h>, <limits.h>, <math.h>, and <sys/wait.h>.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
None.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
<limits.h>, <math.h>, <stddef.h>, <sys_types.h>, <sys_wait.h>
The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2008, Section 2.2, The Compila‐
tion Environment, _Exit(), a64l(), abort(), abs(), atexit(), atof(),
atoi(), atol(), bsearch(), calloc(), div(), drand48(), exit(), free(),
getenv(), getsubopt(), grantpt(), initstate(), labs(), ldiv(), mal‐
loc(), mblen(), mbstowcs(), mbtowc(), mkdtemp(), posix_memalign(),
posix_openpt(), ptsname(), putenv(), qsort(), rand(), realloc(), real‐
path(), setenv(), setkey(), strtod(), strtol(), strtoul(), system(),
unlockpt(), unsetenv(), wcstombs(), wctomb()COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri‐
cal and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. (This is
POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker‐
nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 stdlib.h(0P)
