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SHMGET(2)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		     SHMGET(2)

NAME
       shmget - allocates a shared memory segment

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/ipc.h>
       #include <sys/shm.h>

       int shmget(key_t key, size_t size, int shmflg);

DESCRIPTION
       shmget() returns the identifier of the shared memory segment associated
       with the value of the argument key.  A new shared memory segment,  with
       size  equal to the value of size rounded up to a multiple of PAGE_SIZE,
       is created if key has the value IPC_PRIVATE or key  isn't  IPC_PRIVATE,
       no  shared memory segment corresponding to key exists, and IPC_CREAT is
       specified in shmflg.

       If shmflg specifies both IPC_CREAT and IPC_EXCL	and  a	shared	memory
       segment	already	 exists for key, then shmget() fails with errno set to
       EEXIST.	(This is analogous to the effect of the combination O_CREAT  |
       O_EXCL for open(2).)

       The value shmflg is composed of:

       IPC_CREAT   to  create  a  new segment.	If this flag is not used, then
		   shmget() will find the  segment  associated	with  key  and
		   check  to see if the user has permission to access the seg‐
		   ment.

       IPC_EXCL	   used with  IPC_CREAT	 to  ensure  failure  if  the  segment
		   already exists.

       mode_flags  (least  significant	9  bits)  specifying  the  permissions
		   granted to the owner, group, and world.   These  bits  have
		   the same format, and the same meaning, as the mode argument
		   of open(2).	Presently, the	execute	 permissions  are  not
		   used by the system.

       SHM_HUGETLB (since Linux 2.6)
		   Allocate  the  segment  using "huge pages."	See the kernel
		   source file	Documentation/vm/hugetlbpage.txt  for  further
		   information.

       SHM_NORESERVE (since Linux 2.6.15)
		   This	 flag serves the same purpose as the mmap(2) MAP_NORE‐
		   SERVE flag.	Do not reserve swap space  for	this  segment.
		   When	 swap space is reserved, one has the guarantee that it
		   is possible to modify the segment.  When swap space is  not
		   reserved  one might get SIGSEGV upon a write if no physical
		   memory is available.	 See also the discussion of  the  file
		   /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory in proc(5).

       When  a new shared memory segment is created, its contents are initial‐
       ized to zero values, and its associated data structure,	shmid_ds  (see
       shmctl(2)), is initialized as follows:

	      shm_perm.cuid  and shm_perm.uid are set to the effective user ID
	      of the calling process.

	      shm_perm.cgid and shm_perm.gid are set to the effective group ID
	      of the calling process.

	      The  least  significant  9  bits of shm_perm.mode are set to the
	      least significant 9 bit of shmflg.

	      shm_segsz is set to the value of size.

	      shm_lpid, shm_nattch, shm_atime and shm_dtime are set to 0.

	      shm_ctime is set to the current time.

       If the shared memory segment already exists, the permissions are	 veri‐
       fied, and a check is made to see if it is marked for destruction.

RETURN VALUE
       A valid segment identifier, shmid, is returned on success, -1 on error.

ERRORS
       On failure, errno is set to one of the following:

       EACCES The  user	 does  not have permission to access the shared memory
	      segment, and does not have the CAP_IPC_OWNER capability.

       EEXIST IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL was specified and the segment exists.

       EINVAL A new segment was to be created and size < SHMMIN or size > SHM‐
	      MAX,  or	no new segment was to be created, a segment with given
	      key existed, but size is greater than the size of that segment.

       ENFILE The system limit on the total number  of	open  files  has  been
	      reached.

       ENOENT No segment exists for the given key, and IPC_CREAT was not spec‐
	      ified.

       ENOMEM No memory could be allocated for segment overhead.

       ENOSPC All possible shared memory IDs  have  been  taken	 (SHMMNI),  or
	      allocating  a segment of the requested size would cause the sys‐
	      tem to exceed the system-wide limit on shared memory (SHMALL).

       EPERM  The SHM_HUGETLB flag was specified, but the caller was not priv‐
	      ileged (did not have the CAP_IPC_LOCK capability).

CONFORMING TO
       SVr4, POSIX.1-2001.

       SHM_HUGETLB is a non-portable Linux extension.

NOTES
       IPC_PRIVATE isn't a flag field but a key_t type.	 If this special value
       is used for key, the system call ignores everything but the least  sig‐
       nificant	 9  bits of shmflg and creates a new shared memory segment (on
       success).

       The following limits on shared  memory  segment	resources  affect  the
       shmget() call:

       SHMALL System wide maximum of shared memory pages (on Linux, this limit
	      can be read and modified via /proc/sys/kernel/shmall).

       SHMMAX Maximum size in bytes for a shared memory segment: policy depen‐
	      dent  (on	 Linux,	 this  limit  can  be  read  and  modified via
	      /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax).

       SHMMIN Minimum size in bytes for a shared memory	 segment:  implementa‐
	      tion dependent (currently 1 byte, though PAGE_SIZE is the effec‐
	      tive minimum size).

       SHMMNI System wide maximum number of shared memory segments:  implemen‐
	      tation  dependent	 (currently 4096, was 128 before Linux 2.3.99;
	      on Linux, this limit can be read and modified via /proc/sys/ker‐
	      nel/shmmni).

       The  implementation  has no specific limits for the per-process maximum
       number of shared memory segments (SHMSEG).

   Linux Notes
       Until version 2.3.30 Linux would return	EIDRM  for  a  shmget()	 on  a
       shared memory segment scheduled for deletion.

BUGS
       The name choice IPC_PRIVATE was perhaps unfortunate, IPC_NEW would more
       clearly show its function.

SEE ALSO
       shmat(2),  shmctl(2),  shmdt(2),	 ftok(3),  capabilities(7),  shm_over‐
       view(7), svipc(7)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 3.22 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting  bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux				  2006-05-02			     SHMGET(2)
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