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sh5(1)									sh5(1)

Name
       sh5, rsh5 - shell, the standard/restricted command programming language

Syntax
       sh5 [-acefhiknrstuvx] [args]
       rsh5 [-acefhiknrstuvx] [args]

Description
       The program is a command line interpreter and programming language that
       executes commands read from a terminal or a file.   The	program	 is  a
       restricted  version  of	the standard command interpreter It is used to
       set up login names and execution environments  whose  capabilities  are
       more controlled than those of the standard shell.  See Invocation below
       for the meaning of arguments to the shell.  This version of  the	 shell
       is from System V Release 2.  For further information about the standard
       Bourne shell interpreter, see

   Definitions
       A blank is a tab or a space.  A name is a sequence of letters,  digits,
       or underscores beginning with a letter or underscore.  A parameter is a
       name, a digit, or any of the characters ∗, @, #, ?, -, $, and !.

   Commands
       A simple command is a sequence of nonblank words separated  by  blanks.
       The  first  word	 specifies  the	 name  of  the command to be executed.
       Except as specified below, the remaining words are passed as  arguments
       to the invoked command.	The command name is passed as argument 0.  For
       further information, see The value of a simple command is its exit sta‐
       tus  if	it terminates normally, or (octal) 200+status if it terminates
       abnormally. For a list of status values, see

       A pipeline is a sequence of one or more commands separated  by  |  (or,
       for  historical compatibility, by ^).  The standard output of each com‐
       mand but the last is connected by a to the standard input of  the  next
       command.	  Each	command is run as a separate process.  The shell waits
       for the last command to terminate.  The exit status of  a  pipeline  is
       the exit status of the last command.

       A list is a sequence of one or more pipelines separated by ;, &, &&, or
       ||, and optionally terminated by ; or &.	 Of these four symbols, ;  and
       &  have	equal  precedence, which is lower than that of && and ||.  The
       symbols && and || also have equal precedence.  A semicolon  (;)	causes
       sequential  execution  of  the  preceding  pipeline.   An ampersand (&)
       causes asynchronous execution of the preceding pipeline.	 That is,  the
       shell  does  not	 wait for that pipeline to finish.  The symbol && (||)
       causes the list following it to be executed only if the preceding pipe‐
       line returns a zero (nonzero) exit status.  An arbitrary number of new-
       lines may appear in a list, instead of semicolons, to delimit commands.

       A command is either a simple command or one of the  following.	Unless
       otherwise  stated,  the value returned by a command is that of the last
       simple command executed in the command.

       for name [ in word... ] do list done
	      Each time a for command is executed, name is  set	 to  the  next
	      word  taken  from the in word list.  If in word ...  is omitted,
	      then the for command executes the do list once  for  each	 posi‐
	      tional  parameter	 that  is  set.	  For further information, see
	      Parameter Substitution below.  Execution ends when there are  no
	      more words in the list.

       case word in  [ pattern [ | pattern ] ...) list ;; ] ... esac
	      case command executes the list associated with the first pattern
	      that matches word.  The form of the patterns is the same as that
	      used  for	 file-name  generation	except that a slash, a leading
	      dot, or a dot immediately following a slash need not be  matched
	      explicitly.  For further information, see File Name Generation.

       if list then list [ elif list then list ] ...  [ else list ] fi
	      The list following if is executed and, if it returns a zero exit
	      status, the list following the first then is  executed.	Other‐
	      wise,  the  list following elif is executed and, if its value is
	      zero, the list following the next	 then  is  executed.   Failing
	      that,  the  else list is executed.  If no else list or then list
	      is executed, then the if command returns a zero exit status.

       while list do list done
	      A while command repeatedly executes the while list and,  if  the
	      exit  status  of	the last command in the list is zero, executes
	      the do list.  Otherwise the loop terminates.  If no commands  in
	      the  do list are executed, then the while command returns a zero
	      exit status.  The until command may be used in place of while to
	      negate the loop termination test.

       (list) Execute list in a sub-shell.

       {list;}
	      Simply executes list from current shell.

       name () {list;}
	      Define  a function which is referenced by name.  The body of the
	      function is the list of commands between { and }.	 Execution  of
	      functions is described below.  For further information, see Exe‐
	      cution.

       The following words are only recognized as the first word of a  command
       and when not quoted:

       if then else elif fi case esac for while until do done { }

   Comments
       A  word beginning with # causes that word and all the following charac‐
       ters up to a new-line to be ignored.

   Command Substitution
       The standard output from a command enclosed in a pair of grave accents
       ( `command` ) may be used as part or all of a word.  Trailing new-lines
       are removed.

   Parameter Substitution
       The  character  $ is used to introduce substitutable parameters.	 There
       are two types of parameters, positional and keyword.  If parameter is a
       digit,  it  is  a  positional  parameter.  Positional parameters may be
       assigned values by set.	Keyword parameters (also known	as  variables)
       may be assigned values by writing:
       name = value [ name = value ] ...

       Pattern-matching is not performed on value.  There cannot be a function
       and a variable with the same name.

       ${parameter}
	      The value, if any, of the parameter is substituted.  The	braces
	      are required only when parameter is followed by a letter, digit,
	      or underscore that is not to be interpreted as part of its name.
	      If  parameter is ∗ or @, all the positional parameters, starting
	      with $1, are substituted (separated by spaces).  Parameter $0 is
	      set from argument zero when the shell is invoked.
       ${parameter:-word}
	      If parameter is set and is non-null, substitute its value.  Oth‐
	      erwise substitute word.
       ${parameter:=word}
	      If parameter is not set or is null set it to word.  The value of
	      the  parameter is substituted.  Positional parameters may not be
	      assigned to in this way.
       ${parameter:?word}
	      If parameter is set and is non-null, substitute its value;  oth‐
	      erwise, print word and exit from the shell.  If word is omitted,
	      the message ``parameter null or not set'' is printed.
       ${parameter:+word}
	      If parameter is set and is non-null, substitute word;  otherwise
	      substitute nothing.

       In the above, word is not evaluated unless it is to be used as the sub‐
       stituted string, so that, in the following  example,  pwd  is  executed
       only if d is not set or is null:
       echo ${d:-`pwd`}

       If  the colon (:) is omitted from the above expressions, the shell only
       checks whether parameter is set or not.

       The following parameters are automatically set by the shell:
	      #	     The number of positional parameters in decimal.
	      -	     Flags supplied to the shell on invocation or by  the  set
		     command.
	      ?	     The decimal value returned by the last synchronously exe‐
		     cuted command.
	      $	     The process number of this shell.
	      !	     The  process  number  of  the  last  background   command
		     invoked.

       The following parameters are used by the shell:
	      LOGNAME
		     The  name	of  the user's login account, corresponding to
		     the login name in the user database.
	      HOME   The default argument (home directory) for the command.
	      PATH   The search path for commands.  For	 further  information,
		     see  Execution  below.   The  user may not change PATH if
		     executing under
	      CDPATH The search path for the command.
	      MAIL   If this parameter is set to the name of a mail  file  and
		     the  MAILPATH parameter is not set, the shell informs the
		     user of the arrival of mail in the specified file.
	      MAILCHECK
		     This parameter specifies how often (in seconds) the shell
		     will check for the arrival of mail in the files specified
		     by the MAILPATH or MAIL parameters.  The default value is
		     600  seconds  (10	minutes).  If set to 0, the shell will
		     check before each prompt.
	      MAILPATH
		     A colon (:) separated list of file names.	If this param‐
		     eter is set, the shell informs the user of the arrival of
		     mail in any of the specified files.  Each file  name  can
		     be	 followed by % and a message that will be printed when
		     the modification time changes.  The  default  message  is
		     you have mail.
	      PS1    Primary prompt string, by default ``$ ''.
	      PS2    Secondary prompt string, by default ``> ''.
	      IFS    Internal  field separators, normally space, tab, and new-
		     line.
	      SHELL  When the shell is invoked, it scans the  environment  for
		     this  name.  For  further	information,  see  Environment
		     below.  If it is found and there is an 'r'	 in  the  file
		     name  part	 of  its value, the shell becomes a restricted
		     shell.

       The shell gives default values to PATH, PS1, PS2,  MAILCHECK  and  IFS.
       LOGNAME, HOME, and MAIL are set by

   Blank Interpretation
       After  parameter	 and command substitution, the results of substitution
       are scanned for internal field separator	 characters  (those  found  in
       IFS) and split into distinct arguments where such characters are found.
       Explicit null arguments ("" or '') are retained.	 Implicit  null	 argu‐
       ments, those resulting from parameters that have no values are removed.

   File Name Generation
       Following substitution, each command word is scanned for the characters
       ∗, ?, and [.  If one of these characters appears the word  is  regarded
       as  a  pattern.	 The  word is replaced with alphabetically sorted file
       names that match the pattern.  If no file name is  found	 that  matches
       the pattern, the word is left unchanged.	 The character .  at the start
       of a file name or immediately following a /, as well as the character /
       itself, must be matched explicitly.

	      ∗	     Matches any string, including the null string.
	      ?	     Matches any single character.
	      [...]  Matches  any  one	of the enclosed characters.  A pair of
		     characters separated by - matches any character lexically
		     between the pair, inclusive.  If the first character fol‐
		     lowing the opening ``['' is a ``!''   any	character  not
		     enclosed is matched.

   Quoting
       The  following characters have a special meaning to the shell and cause
       termination of a word unless quoted:

	      ;	 &  (  ) |  ^  <  >  new-line  space  tab

       A character may be quoted (that is, made to stand for itself)  by  pre‐
       ceding  it  with	 a  \.	The pair \new-line is ignored.	All characters
       enclosed between a pair of single quote marks (' '),  except  a	single
       quote,  are quoted.  Inside double quote marks (""), parameter and com‐
       mand substitution occurs and \ quotes the characters \, `,  ",  and  $.
       "$∗"  is	 equivalent to "$1 $2 ...", whereas "$@" is equivalent to "$1"
       "$2" ....

   Prompting
       When used interactively, the shell prompts with the value of PS1 before
       reading	a  command.   If  at  any time a new-line is typed and further
       input is needed to complete a command, the secondary prompt  (that  is,
       the value of PS2) is issued.

   Input/output
       Before  a  command  is executed, its input and output may be redirected
       using a special notation interpreted by the shell.  The	following  may
       appear  anywhere in a simple command or may precede or follow a command
       and are not passed on to	 the  invoked  command.	  Substitution	occurs
       before word or digit is used:

       <word	     Use file word as standard input (file descriptor 0).
       >word	     Use file word as standard output (file descriptor 1).  If
		     the file does not exist it is created.  Otherwise, it  is
		     truncated to zero length.
       >>word	     Use  file	word  as  standard output.  If the file exists
		     output is appended to it, by first seeking to the end-of-
		     file.  Otherwise, the file is created.
       <<[ - ]word   The  shell input is read up to a line that is the same as
		     word, or  to  an  end-of-file.   The  resulting  document
		     becomes  the standard input.  If any character of word is
		     quoted, no interpretation is placed upon  the  characters
		     of	 the  document.	 Otherwise, parameter and command sub‐
		     stitution occurs, (unescaped) \new-line is ignored, and \
		     must  be  used  to	 quote the characters \, $, `, and the
		     first character of word.  If - is	appended  to  <<,  all
		     leading  tabs  are	 stripped from word and from the docu‐
		     ment.
       <&digit	     Use the file associated with  file	 descriptor  digit  as
		     standard  input.  Similarly for the standard output using
		     >&digit.
       <&-	     The standard input is closed.  Similarly for the standard
		     output using >&-.

       If  any	of the above is preceded by a digit, the file descriptor which
       will be associated with the  file  is  that  specified  by  the	digit,
       instead of the default 0 or 1.  For example:
	... 2>&1

       This  associates	 file  descriptor 2 with the file currently associated
       with file descriptor 1.

       The order in which redirections	are  specified	is  significant.   The
       shell evaluates redirections left-to-right.  For example:
	... 1>xxx 2>&1

       The  first  associates  file descriptor 1 with file xxx.	 It associates
       file descriptor 2 with the file associated with file descriptor 1 (that
       is,  xxx).  If the order of redirections were reversed, file descriptor
       2 would be associated with the terminal (assuming file descriptor 1 had
       been) and file descriptor 1 would be associated with file xxx.

       If  a  command is followed by & the default standard input for the com‐
       mand is the empty file /dev/null.  Otherwise, the environment  for  the
       execution  of  a	 command contains the file descriptors of the invoking
       shell as modified by input/output specifications.

       Redirection of output is not allowed in the restricted shell.

   Environment
       The environment is a list of name-value pairs that is passed to an exe‐
       cuted  program  in the same way as a normal argument list.  For further
       information, see The shell interacts with the  environment  in  several
       ways.   On  invocation,	the  shell scans the environment and creates a
       parameter for each name found, giving it the corresponding  value.   If
       the  user  modifies the value of any of these parameters or creates new
       parameters, none of these affects the  environment  unless  the	export
       command	is  used to bind the shell's parameter to the environment (see
       also set -a).  A parameter may be removed from the environment with the
       unset  command.	 The  environment seen by any executed command is thus
       composed of any unmodified name-value pairs originally inherited by the
       shell,  minus  any  pairs  removed  by unset, plus any modifications or
       additions, all of which must be noted in export commands.

       The environment for any simple command may be augmented by prefixing it
       with one or more assignments to parameters.  Thus:
       TERM=450 cmd
       (export TERM; TERM=450; cmd)

       These are equivalent (as far as the execution of cmd is concerned).

       If the -k flag is set, all keyword arguments are placed in the environ‐
       ment, even if they occur after the command name.	 The  following	 first
       prints a=b c and c:
       echo a=b c
       set -k
       echo a=b c

   Signals
       The  INTERRUPT  and  QUIT signals for an invoked command are ignored if
       the command is followed by &.  Otherwise signals have the values inher‐
       ited  by	 the  shell  from its parent, with the exception of signal 11.
       For further information, see also the trap command below.

   Execution
       Each time a command is executed, the above  substitutions  are  carried
       out.   If  the  command name matches one of the Special Commands listed
       below, it is executed in the shell process.  If the command  name  does
       not  match  a  Special Command, but matches the name of a defined func‐
       tion, the function is executed in the shell process (note how this dif‐
       fers  from  the execution of shell procedures).	The positional parame‐
       ters $1, $2, ....  are set to the arguments of the  function.   If  the
       command	name  matches  neither	a  Special  Command  nor the name of a
       defined function, a new process is created and an attempt  is  made  to
       execute the command via

       The shell parameter PATH defines the search path for the directory con‐
       taining the command.  Alternative directory names are  separated	 by  a
       colon  (:).  The default path is :/bin:/usr/bin (specifying the current
       directory, /bin, and /usr/bin, in that order).  Note that  the  current
       directory  is  specified	 by a null path name, which can appear immedi‐
       ately after the equal sign or between  the  colon  delimiters  anywhere
       else  in	 the  path  list.  If the command name contains a / the search
       path is not used.  Such commands will not be executed by the restricted
       shell.	Otherwise,  each directory in the path is searched for an exe‐
       cutable file.  If the file has execute permission but is not  an	 a.out
       file,  it  is  assumed  to be a file containing shell commands.	A sub-
       shell is spawned to read it.  A parenthesized command is also  executed
       in a sub-shell.

       The location in the search path where a command was found is remembered
       by the shell (to help avoid unnecessary exec later).   If  the  command
       was  found  in a relative directory, its location must be re-determined
       whenever the current directory changes.	The shell forgets  all	remem‐
       bered  locations	 whenever  the PATH variable is changed or the hash -r
       command is executed (see below).

   Special Commands
       Input/output redirection is now permitted  for  these  commands.	  File
       descriptor 1 is the default output location.

       :      No  effect;  the	command	 does  nothing.	  A  zero exit code is
	      returned.
       . file Read and execute commands from file and return.  The search path
	      specified by PATH is used to find the directory containing file.
       break [ n ]
	      Exit  from  the  enclosing  for  or while loop, if any.  If n is
	      specified break n levels.
       continue [ n ]
	      Resume the next iteration of the enclosing for  or  while	 loop.
	      If n is specified resume at the n-th enclosing loop.
       cd [ arg ]
	      Change  the  current directory to arg.  The shell parameter HOME
	      is the default arg.  The	shell  parameter  CDPATH  defines  the
	      search  path  for	 the  directory	 containing  arg.  Alternative
	      directory names are separated by a colon (:).  The default  path
	      is  <null>  (specifying  the  current directory).	 Note that the
	      current directory is specified by a null path  name,  which  can
	      appear  immediately  after  the  equal sign or between the colon
	      delimiters anywhere else in the path list.  If arg begins with a
	      / the search path is not used.  Otherwise, each directory in the
	      path is searched for arg.	 The command may not be executed by
       echo [ arg... ]
	      Echo arguments. See for usage and description.
       eval [ arg... ]
	      The arguments are read as input to the shell and	the  resulting
	      command(s) executed.
       exec [ arg... ]
	      The  command  specified by the arguments is executed in place of
	      this shell without creating a new process.   Input/output	 argu‐
	      ments may appear and, if no other arguments are given, cause the
	      shell input/output to be modified.
       exit [ n ]
	      Causes a shell to exit with the exit status specified by n.   If
	      n	 is  omitted  the exit status is that of the last command exe‐
	      cuted (an end-of-file will also cause the shell to exit.)
       export [ name... ]
	      Each given name is marked for automatic export to	 the  environ‐
	      ment  of	subsequently-executed  commands.   If no arguments are
	      given, a list of all names that are exported in  this  shell  is
	      printed.	Function names may not be exported.
       hash [ -r ] [ name... ]
	      For  each	 name,	the location in the search path of the command
	      specified by name is determined and  remembered  by  the	shell.
	      The  -r  option  causes the shell to forget all remembered loca‐
	      tions.  If no arguments are given, information about  remembered
	      commands	is  presented.	 Hits is the number of times a command
	      has been invoked by the shell process.  Cost is a measure of the
	      work required to locate a command in the search path.  There are
	      certain situations which require that the stored location	 of  a
	      command  be  recalculated.  Commands for which this will be done
	      are indicated by an asterisk (*) adjacent to the	hits  informa‐
	      tion.  Cost will be incremented when the recalculation is done.
       pwd    Print  the  current working directory.  For use and description,
	      see
       read [ name... ]
	      One line is read from the standard input and the first  word  is
	      assigned	to the first name, the second word to the second name,
	      etc., with leftover words assigned to the last name.  The return
	      code is 0 unless an end-of-file is encountered.
       readonly [ name... ]
	      The  given names are marked readonly and the values of the these
	      names may not be changed by subsequent assignment.  If no	 argu‐
	      ments are given, a list of all readonly names is printed.
       return [ n ]
	      Causes  a function to exit with the return value specified by n.
	      If n is omitted, the return status is that of the	 last  command
	      executed.
       set [ --aefhkntuvx [ arg... ] ]
	      -a     Mark variables which are modified or created for export.
	      -e     Exit  immediately	if a command exits with a nonzero exit
		     status.
	      -f     Disable file name generation
	      -h     Locate and remember function commands  as	functions  are
		     defined  (function commands are normally located when the
		     function is executed).
	      -k     All keyword arguments are placed in the environment for a
		     command, not just those that precede the command name.
	      -n     Read commands but do not execute them.
	      -t     Exit after reading and executing one command.
	      -u     Treat unset variables as an error when substituting.
	      -v     Print shell input lines as they are read.
	      -x     Print commands and their arguments as they are executed.
	      --     Do	 not  change any of the flags; useful in setting $1 to
		     -.
	      Using + rather than - causes  these  flags  to  be  turned  off.
	      These  flags can also be used upon invocation of the shell.  The
	      current set of flags may be found in $-.	 The  remaining	 argu‐
	      ments  are  positional parameters and are assigned, in order, to
	      $1, $2, ....  If no arguments are given the values of all	 names
	      are printed.
       shift [ n ]
	      The positional parameters from $n+1 ...  are renamed $1 ....  If
	      n is not given, it is assumed to be 1.
       test
	      Evaluate conditional expressions.	 For  usage  and  description,
	      see
       times
	      Print  the  accumulated  user and system times for processes run
	      from the shell.
       trap [ arg ] [ n... ]
	      The command arg is to  be	 read  and  executed  when  the	 shell
	      receives	signal(s)  n.	Note that arg is scanned once when the
	      trap is set and once when the trap is taken.  Trap commands  are
	      executed	in  order of signal number.  Any attempt to set a trap
	      on a signal that was ignored on entry to the  current  shell  is
	      ineffective.   An	 attempt  to  trap on signal 11 (memory fault)
	      produces an error.  If arg is absent all trap(s) n are reset  to
	      their original values.  If arg is the null string this signal is
	      ignored by the shell and by the commands it invokes.  If n is  0
	      the  command  arg	 is executed on exit from the shell.  The trap
	      command with no arguments prints a list of  commands  associated
	      with each signal number.
       type [ name... ]
	      For each name, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a
	      command name.
       ulimit [ -fp ] [ n ]
	      imposes a size limit of n
	      -f     imposes a size limit of n	blocks	on  files  written  by
		     child processes (files of any size may be read).  With no
		     argument, the current limit is printed.
	      -p     changes the pipe size to n (UNIX/RT only).
	      If no option is given, -f is assumed.
       umask [ nnn ]
	      The user file-creation mask is set to nnn.  For further informa‐
	      tion,  see  If  nnn is omitted, the current value of the mask is
	      printed.
       unset [ name... ]
	      For each name, remove the corresponding  variable	 or  function.
	      The variables PATH, PS1, PS2, MAILCHECK and IFS cannot be unset.
       wait [ n ]
	      Wait  for	 the specified process and report its termination sta‐
	      tus.  If n is not given all currently active child processes are
	      waited for and the return code is zero.

   Invocation
       If  the	shell  is  invoked through and the first character of argument
       zero is -, commands are	initially  read	 from  /etc/profile  and  from
       $HOME/.profile,	if such files exist.  Thereafter, commands are read as
       described below, which is also the case when the shell  is  invoked  as
       /bin/sh5.   The	flags below are interpreted by the shell on invocation
       only. Note that unless the -c or -s flag is specified, the first	 argu‐
       ment  is	 assumed to be the name of a file containing commands, and the
       remaining arguments are passed as positional parameters to that command
       file:

       -c string If the -c flag is present commands are read from string.
       -s	 If  the -s flag is present or if no arguments remain commands
		 are read from the standard input.   Any  remaining  arguments
		 specify  the positional parameters.  Shell output (except for
		 Special Commands) is written to file descriptor 2.
       -i	 If the -i flag is present or if the shell  input  and	output
		 are  attached	to  a terminal, this shell is interactive.  In
		 this case TERMINATE is ignored (so that kill 0 does not  kill
		 an interactive shell) and INTERRUPT is caught and ignored (so
		 that wait is interruptible).  In all cases, QUIT  is  ignored
		 by the shell.
       -r	 If the -r flag is present the shell is a restricted shell.

       The  remaining  flags and arguments are described under the set command
       above.

   Rsh5 Only
       The shell is used to set up  login  names  and  execution  environments
       whose  capabilities  are	 more  controlled  than	 those of the standard
       shell.  The actions of are identical to those of except that  the  fol‐
       lowing are disallowed:
	      changing directory, see
	      setting the value of $PATH,
	      specifying path or command names containing /,
	      redirecting output (> and >>).

       The restrictions above are enforced after .profile is interpreted.

       When a command to be executed is found to be a shell procedure, invokes
       to execute it.  Thus, it is possible to provide to the  end-user	 shell
       procedures  that	 have  access to the full power of the standard shell,
       while imposing a limited menu of commands.  This	 scheme	 assumes  that
       the  end-user  does  not have write and execute permissions in the same
       directory.

       The net effect of these rules is that the writer of  the	 .profile  has
       complete	 control  over	user  actions,	by performing guaranteed setup
       actions and leaving the user in an appropriate directory (probably  not
       the login directory).

       The  system  administrator  often  sets	up  a  directory  of  commands
       (/usr/rbin ) that can be safely invoked by Some systems also provide  a
       restricted editor, see

Exit Status
       Errors detected by the shell, such as syntax errors, cause the shell to
       return a nonzero exit status.  If the shell is being  used  noninterac‐
       tively  execution of the shell file is abandoned.  Otherwise, the shell
       returns the exit status of the last command executed (see also the exit
       command above).

Restrictions
       If a command is executed, and a command with the same name is installed
       in a directory in the search path before the directory where the origi‐
       nal  command  was  found,  the shell will continue to exec the original
       command.	 Use the hash command to correct this situation.

       If you move the current directory or one above it, pwd may not give the
       correct	response.   Use	 the  command with a full path name to correct
       this situation.

       If you startup a shell using with an 'r' in  the	 argv[0]  string,  the
       System V shell goes into restricted mode.

Files
       /etc/profile
       $HOME/.profile
       /tmp/sh∗
       /dev/null

See Also
       cd(1),  echo(1sh5),  login(1),  printenv(1),  pwd(1), sh(1), test(1sh5)
       dup(2), execve(2), fork(2), pipe(2), ulimit(2), umask(2), wait(2), sig‐
       nal(3), a.out(5), environ(7)

									sh5(1)
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