setup man page on Minix

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SETUP(8)							      SETUP(8)

NAME
       setup - Install MINIX 3 on a hard disk

SYNOPSIS
       setup

DESCRIPTION
       This  appendix  explains	 how  to  install  MINIX  3.  Standard MINIX 3
       requires a Pentium (or compatible) with at least 16-MB of RAM, at least
       200-MB  of  free disk space, an IDE CD-ROM and an IDE hard disk. Serial
       ATA, USB, and SCSI disks are not supported at  present.	 For  USB  CD-
       ROMS, see the Website: www.minix3.org.

       PREPARATION

       If  you	already	 have  the  CD-ROM (e.g., from the book), you can skip
       steps 1 and 2, but it is wise to check www.minix3.org to see if a newer
       version	is  available.	 If  you  want	to  run MINIX 3 on a simulator
       instead of native, see Part V first.  If you do not have an IDE CD-ROM,
       either get the special USB CD-ROM boot image or use a simulator.

       Download	 the  MINIX  3	CD-ROM	image  from  the  MINIX	 3  Website at
       www.minix3.org.

       Decompress the downloaded file.	You will get a CD-ROM image file  with
       extension  .iso and this manual.	 The .iso file is a bit-for-bit CD-ROM
       image.  Burn it to a CD-ROM to make a bootable CD-ROM.

       If you are using Easy CD Creator 5, select Record CD from CD image from
       the  File menu and change the file type from .cif to .iso in the dialog
       box that appears. Select the image file	and  click  Open.  Then	 click
       Start Recording.

       If you are using Nero Express 5, choose Disc Image or Saved Project and
       change the type to Image Files, select the image file and  click	 Open.
       Select your CD recorder and click on Next.

       If  you	are  running Windows and do not have a CD-ROM burning program,
       take a look at
       alexfeinman.brinkster.net/isorecorder.htm
       for a free one and use it to create a CD image.

       MINIX 3 supports several Ethernet chips for networking over LAN,	 ADSL,
       and  cable.  These  include  Intel  Pro/100, RealTek 8029 and 8139, AMD
       LANCE, and several 3Com chips.  During setup you will  be  asked	 which
       Ethernet	 chip  you have, if any. Determine that now by looking at your
       documentation. Alternatively, if you  are  using	 Windows,  go  to  the
       device manager as follows:

       Windows 2000:
       Start> Settings> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr

       Windows XP:
       Start> Control Panel> System> Hardware> Device Mgr

       System  requires double clicking; the rest are single. Expand
       the + next to Network adapters to see what you have. Write it
       down.  If you do not have a supported chip, you can still run
       MINIX 3, but without Ethernet.

       You can boot the computer from your CD-ROM if  you  like	 and
       MINIX  3	 will  start, but to do anything useful, you have to
       create a partition for it on your hard disk.  But before par‐
       titioning, be sure to back up your data to an external medium
       like CD-ROM or DVD as a safety precaution, just in case some‐
       thing goes wrong.  Your files are valuable; protect them.

       Unless  you  are	 sure you are an expert on disk partitioning
       with much experience, it is strongly suggested that you	read
       the    online	tutorial    on	  disk	  partitioning	  at
       www.minix3.org/doc/partitions.html.  If you already know	 how
       to  manage partitions, create a contiguous chunk of free disk
       space of at least 200 MB (even better: 400 MB or	 more).	  If
       you  do	not  know how to manage partitions but have a parti‐
       tioning program like Partition Magic,  use  it  to  create  a
       region  of free disk space of at least 200 MB. Also make sure
       there is at least one primary partition	(i.e.,	Master	Boot
       Record  slot)  free.  The MINIX 3 setup script will guide you
       through creating a MINIX partition in the free  space,  which
       can be on either the first or second IDE disk.

       If  you are running Windows 95, 98, ME, or 2000 and your disk
       consists	 of  a	single	FAT  partition,	 you  can  use	 the
       presz134.exe   program  on  the	CD-ROM	(also  available  at
       zeleps.com) to reduce its size to leave room for	 MINIX.	  In
       all other cases, please read the online tutorial cited above.

       WARNING:	 If you make a mistake during disk partitioning, you
       can lose all the data on the disk, so be sure to back  it  up
       to CD-ROM or DVD before starting.  Disk partitioning requires
       great care, so proceed with caution.

       BOOTING

       By now you should have allocated at  least  200	MB  of	free
       space  on  your disk.  If you have not done so yet, please do
       it now unless there is an existing 200-MB (or larger)  parti‐
       tion you are willing to convert to MINIX 3.

       Insert  the  CD-ROM  into your CD-ROM drive and boot the com‐
       puter from it.  If you have 16 MB of RAM or more, choose Reg‐
       ular;  if  you  have only 8 MB choose small.  If the computer
       boots from the hard disk instead of the	CD-ROM,	 boot  again
       and  enter the BIOS setup program to change the order of boot
       devices, putting the CD-ROM before the hard disk.

       When the login prompt appears, login as root.  After  a	suc‐
       cessful login as root, you will see the shell prompt (#).  At
       this point you are running fully-operational MINIX 3. If	 you
       type:

	  ls /usr/bin | more

       you  can see what software is available.	 Hit space to scroll
       the list.  To see what program foo does, type:

	  man foo

       The manual pages are also available at
       www.minix3.org/manpages.

       To start the installation of MINIX 3 on the hard disk, type

	  setup

       After this and all other commands,  be  sure  to	 type  ENTER
       (RETURN).   When the installation script ends a screen with a
       colon, hit ENTER to continue. If	 the  screen  suddenly	goes
       blank,  press  CTRL-F3  to  select software scrolling (should
       only be needed on very old computers).	Note  that  CTRL-key
       means  depress  the CTRL key and while holding it down, press
       key.

       INSTALLING TO THE HARD DISK

       These steps correspond to the steps on the screen.

       When you are asked to select your national keyboard,  do	 so.
       This  and other steps have a default choice, in square brack‐
       ets.  If you agree with it, just hit ENTER.  In	most  steps,
       the  default  is	 generally a good choice for beginners.	 The
       us-swap keyboard interchanges the CAPS LOCK and CTRL keys, as
       is conventional on UNIX systems.

       You  will now be asked which of the available Ethernet driver
       you want installed  (or	none).	Please	choose	one  of	 the
       options.

       If  you	are  tight  on	disk  space,  select M for a minimal
       installation which includes all the  binaries  but  only	 the
       system  sources installed.  200 MB is enough for a bare-bones
       system. If you have 400 MB or  more,  choose  F	for  a	full
       installation.

       You  will first be asked if you are an expert in MINIX 3 disk
       partitioning.  If so, you will be placed in the part  program
       to  give	 you  full power to edit the Master Boot Record (and
       enough rope to hang yourself).  If you  are  not	 an  expert,
       press  ENTER  for  the  default action, which is an automated
       step-by-step guide to formatting a disk partition  for  MINIX
       3.

       Substep 4.1: Select a disk to install MINIX 3

       An IDE controller may have up to four disks. The setup script
       will now look for each one. Just ignore	an  error  messages.
       When  the  drives  are  listed,	select one. and confirm your
       choice.	If you have two hard disks and you decide to install
       MINIX  3	 to the second one and have trouble booting from it,
       please see www.minix3.org/doc/using2disks.html for the  solu‐
       tion.

       Substep 4.2: Select a disk region

       Now  choose  a region to install MINIX 3 into. You have three
       choices:
	  (1) Select a free region
	  (2) Select a partition to overwrite
	  (3) Delete an existing partition  to	free  up  space	 and
       merge with adjacent free space
       For choices (1) and (2), type the region number. For (3) type

	  delete

       then  give the region number when asked.	 This region will be
       overwritten and its previous contents lost forever.

       Substep 4.3: Confirm your choices

       You have now reached the point of  no  return.  You  will  be
       asked  if  you  want  to continue. If you do, the data in the
       selected region will be lost forever.  If you are sure, type:

	  yes

       and then ENTER. To exit the setup script without changing the
       partition table, hit CTRL-C.

       If  you chose an existing MINIX 3 partition, in this step you
       will be offered a choice between a Full install, which erases
       everything  in the partition, and a Reinstall, which does not
       affect your existing /home partition. This design means	that
       you  can	 put  your  personal  files on /home and reinstall a
       newer version of MINIX 3 when it is available without  losing
       your personal files.

       The  selected  partition will be divided into three subparti‐
       tions: root, /usr, and /home. The latter is for your own per‐
       sonal  files. Specify how much of the partition should be set
       aside for your files.  You will	be  asked  to  confirm	your
       choice.

       Disk block sizes of 1-KB, 2-KB, 4-KB, and 8-KB are supported,
       but to use a size larger than 4-KB you have to change a	con‐
       stant  and  recompile  the system. If your memory is 16 MB or
       more, use the default (4 KB); otherwise, use 1 KB.

       The setup script will now scan each partition  for  bad	disk
       blocks.	This  will take several minutes, possibly 10 minutes
       or more on a large partition.  Please be patient.  If you are
       absolutely certain there are no bad blocks, you can kill each
       scan by hitting CTRL-C.

       When the scan finishes, files will  be  automatically  copied
       from  the  CD-ROM  to  the  hard	 disk.	Every  file  will be
       announced as it is copied.  When	 the  copying  is  complete,
       MINIX 3 is installed.  Shut the system down by typing

	  shutdown

       Always  stop  MINIX  3 this way to avoid data loss as MINIX 3
       keeps some files on the RAM disk and only copies them back to
       the hard disk at shutdown time.

       TESTING

       This section tells you how to test your installation, rebuild
       the system after modifying it, and boot it later.  To  start,
       boot  your new MINIX 3 system.  For example, if you used con‐
       troller 0, disk 0, partition 3, type

	  boot c0d0p3

       and log in as root. Under very rare conditions the drive num‐
       ber  seen  by the BIOS (and used by the boot monitor) may not
       agree with the one used by MINIX 3, in which case  try  other
       drive  numbers.	 This  is a good time to create a root pass‐
       word. See man passwd for help.

       To test MINIX 3, at the command prompt (#) type

	  cd /usr/src/test
	  make

       and wait until it completes all 40 compilations.	 Log out  by
       typing CTRL-D,

       To test the system, log in as bin (required) and type

	  cd /usr/src/test
	  ./run

       to  run	the test programs. They should all run correctly but
       they can take 20 min on a fast machine and over an hour on  a
       slow  one.   Note:  It is necessary to compile the test suite
       when running as root but execute it as bin in order to see if
       the setuid bit works correctly.

       If all the tests work correctly, you can now rebuild the sys‐
       tem.  Doing so is not necessary since it comes prebuilt,	 but
       if  you	plan to modify the system, you will need to know how
       to rebuild it.  Besides, rebuilding the system is a good test
       to see if it works. Type:

	  cd /usr/src/tools
	  make

       to see the various options available. Now make a new bootable
       image by typing

	  su
	  make clean
	  time make image

       You just rebuilt the operating system, including all the ker‐
       nel and user-mode parts. That did not take very long, did it?
       To update the boot image	 currently  installed  on  the	hard
       disk, type

	  make hdboot

       To boot the new system, first shut down by typing:

	  shutdown

       This command saves certain files and returns you to the MINIX
       3 boot monitor.	To get a summary of what  the  boot  monitor
       can do, while in it, type:

	  help

       For	more	  details,	see	 www.minix3.org/man‐
       pages/man8/boot.8.html.	You can now  remove  any  CD-ROM  or
       floppy disk and turn off the computer.

       If  you	have a legacy floppy disk drive, the simplest way to
       boot MINIX 3 is by inserting your new boot floppy and turning
       on  the	power.	It takes only a few seconds.  Alternatively,
       boot from the MINIX 3 CD-ROM, login as bin and type:

	  shutdown

       to get back to the MINIX 3 boot monitor. Now type:

	  boot c0d0p0

       to boot from the operating system image file on controller 0,
       driver  0,  partition  0.   Of  course, if you put MINIX 3 on
       drive 0 partition 1, use:

	  boot c0d0p1

       and so on.

       A third possibility for booting is to make the MINIX 3 parti‐
       tion  the  active  one,	and  use the MINIX 3 boot monitor to
       start MINIX 3 or any other operating system.  For details see
       www.minix3.org/manpages/man8/boot.8.html.

       Finally,	 a  fourth  option is for you to install a multiboot
       loader such  as	LILO  or  GRUB	(www.gnu.org/software/grub).
       Then you can boot any of your operating systems easily.	Dis‐
       cussion of multiboot loaders is	beyond	the  scope  of	this
       guide,  but  there  is  some  information  of  the subject at
       www.minix3.org/doc.

       USING A SIMULATOR

       A completely different approach to running MINIX 3 is to	 run
       it  on  top  of another operating system instead of native on
       the bare metal. Various	virtual	 machines,  simulators,	 and
       emulators  are  available  for this purpose. Some of the most
       popular ones are:

	  · VMware (www.vmware.com)
	  · Bochs (www.bochs.org)
	  · QEMU (www.qemu.org)

       See the documentation for each of them. Running a program  on
       a  simulator  is similar to running it on the actual machine,
       so you should go back to Part I and acquire the latest CD-ROM
       and continue from there.

								      SETUP(8)
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