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SD(3)									 SD(3)

NAME
       sd - storage device interface

SYNOPSIS
       bind #S /dev
       /dev/sdctl
       /dev/sdCu/ctl
       /dev/sdCu/raw
       /dev/sdCu/data
       ...

DESCRIPTION
       The storage device interface serves a two-level directory giving access
       to multiple storage units, typically ATA(PI) or SCSI discs.  Each  unit
       is accessed via files in the directory named by the controller to which
       it is attached, C, and by its unit number  u.   The  controller	naming
       convention  for	ATA(PI)	 units	starts with the first controller being
       named the second etc. up to a maximum of 4 controllers ([C-F]);	legacy
       controllers  are always 'C' and 'D'.  There can be a maximum of 2 units
       per ATA(PI) controller ([01]).  The controller  naming  convention  for
       SCSI units starts with the first controller being named the second etc.
       up to a maximum of 16 controllers ([0-9a-f]).  There can be  a  maximum
       of 16 units per SCSI controller ([0-9a-f]).

       Units are not accessed before the first attach.	Units may be individu‐
       ally attached using the attach specifier, for example

	      bind -a '#SsdD0' /dev

       An attach without a specifier will cause the driver  to	scan  for  all
       possible units before processing the rest of the name.

       The  subdirectory  for  each  unit contains two files, ctl and raw.  In
       addition, if the unit is a direct-access disc of some type  it  may  be
       split  into partitions and the subdirectory may contain a file per par‐
       tition.	By default, the partition data will exist for such media.

   ctl and partitions
       Partitions are added and deleted by writing to the ctl file

	      part name start-sector end-sector
	      delpart name

       The default data partition may  be  deleted.   A	 partition  cannot  be
       deleted	if  a  process has it open.  If a change of removable media is
       detected, the new media cannot be opened until all open	partitions  on
       the old media are closed.

       Partitions  are usually created using fdisk and prep(8); the convention
       is to name non-Plan 9 partitions after  their  corresponding  operating
       systems	(e.g., /dev/sdC0/dos) and Plan 9 partitions according to their
       function (e.g., /dev/sdC0/swap).	 The example in prep(8) shows how.

       Reading the ctl file returns at least one line of  textual  information
       about  the  unit.   The	first line will always be prefixed by and will
       give a manufacturer and model number if possible.  A line  prefixed  by
       will  be	 returned  for	appropriate  media, e.g. for ATA(PI) units the
       remainder of the	 line  contains	 configuration	information  from  the
       device's identify command (config and capabilities) and also the avail‐
       able I/O transfer options; this is a diagnostic aid.  A	line  prefixed
       by  will	 be  returned for appropriate media; at least two numbers will
       follow, the first being the number of sectors contained in the unit and
       the  second the sector size in bytes.  Any remaining information on the
       geometry line is unit-dependent, for instance, head, cylinder and  sec‐
       tor counts for ATA discs.  If any partitions are defined for the media,
       their name, start-sector and end-sector will be returned, prefixed by

	      % cat /dev/sdD0/ctl
	      inquiry KENWOOD CD-ROM UCR-421  208E10/20/99  7.39  2 M0
	      config 85C0 capabilities 0F00 dma 00550004 dmactl 00000000
	      geometry 242725 2352
	      part data 0 242725
	      %

       The use of DMA and multi-sector read/write commands may be enabled  and
       disabled	 on  ATA(PI)  units  by	 writing  to  the ctl file dma and rwm
       respectively followed by on or off.  For example, to enable  DMA	 on  a
       unit that supports it:

	      % echo 'dma on'>/dev/sd00/ctl

       If supported by the unit, the standby timer may be enabled:

	      % echo 'standby T'>/dev/sdC0/ctl

       where  T	 is the standby timer period in seconds.  T must be between 30
       and 1200, or can be 0 to disable the timer.

   raw
       The raw file is used to execute an arbitrary command on the unit	 at  a
       low  level.   This  is  used by programs such as scuzz(8) to manipulate
       devices that do not fit the simple storage  model  or  for  maintenance
       purposes.  The following steps may be taken to execute a command

       -  Write the command to the raw file;

       -  Read	or  write  data	 associated with the command, according to the
	  direction of the transfer.

       -  Read the raw file to retrieve the status of the command, returned as
	  a text integer.

   sdctl
       Reading	/dev/sdctl  yields information about each controller, one line
       per controller.	Writing `config message' to /dev/sdctl passes  message
       to  the	legacy configuration machinery, used to set attributes such as
       IRQ, port and size.  Writing `ctltype  message'	to  /dev/sdctl	passes
       message	to  ctltype's wtopctl function with a nil sdev argument, where
       ctltype is a known controller  type  such  as  ata  or  scsi.   Writing
       `sdctlletter  message'  to  /dev/sdctl  passes message to sdctlletter's
       wtopctl function with an sdev argument corresponding to the named  con‐
       troller, where ctlletter is a known controller letter such as C or 0.

SOURCE
       /sys/src/9/port/devsd.c
       /sys/src/9/*/sd*.[hc]

SEE ALSO
       scuzz(8)

BUGS
       LUNs  (logical  unit  numbers) are not implemented.  For (S)ATA drives,
       LUNs are not merely ignored but are  actively  prevented	 from  working
       except for INQUIRY commands.

       The 4 controller limit for ATA(PI) is not enforced.

       No  account  is	taken  of  some	 buggy ATA PCI controllers such as the
       CMD640.

       ATA(PI) units come up with DMA and multi-sector	read/write  capability
       disabled.

									 SD(3)
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