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restore(8)							    restore(8)

NAME
       restore,	 rrestore - Restores files from tapes written with the dump or
       rdump command, respectively

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/sbin/restore -[function_option] [modifier_flag...] [argument...]

       /usr/sbin/rrestore -f dump_file	-[function_option]  [modifier_flag...]
       [argument...]

       The  restore and rrestore commands are used to read files and any asso‐
       ciated extended attributes from a local or remote  tape,	 respectively,
       to local file systems.

OPTIONS
   Function Options
       This  option  permits  interactive  restoration	of files read from the
       tape.  After reading directory information from the  tape  device,  the
       restore or rrestore commands provide a shell-like interface that allows
       you to select the files you want to read.  Some of the interactive com‐
       mands require as an arg parameter a subdirectory or filename.  When the
       arg parameter is unspecified, the default directory is the current one.
       The  interactive	 commands  are	explained in the following list: Lists
       files in the current directory or the directory specified with the  arg
       parameter.   Directory entries are appended with a / (slash) character.
       Entries that have been marked  for  reading  are	 prepended  with  a  *
       (asterisk)  character.	When  the  -v modifier flag is used, the inode
       number of each entry is also listed.  Changes the current directory  to
       the directory specified with the arg parameter.	Prints the pathname of
       the current directory to the standard output device.  Adds the files in
       the  current  directory	or  the	 files specified by arg to the list of
       files to be read from the tape (except when the	-h  option  is	used).
       Files  on the list of files to be read are prepended with the * (aster‐
       isk) character when they are listed with the  ls	 interactive  command.
       Deletes	all  the files in the current directory or the files specified
       by the arg parameter from the list of files to be read from  the	 tape.
       Except when the -h option is specified, all files and all files in sub‐
       directories of  a  directory  specified	with  the  arg	parameter  are
       deleted.

	      An expedient way to select wanted files from any directory whose
	      files are stored on the tape is to add the directory to the list
	      of  files	 to  be	 read  and  then  delete the ones that are not
	      wanted.  Reads all files on the list of files to	be  read  from
	      the  tape. The restore or rrestore command asks which volume you
	      want to mount  and  whether  the	access	modes  of  (dot)   are
	      affected.

	      A	 fast way to read a few files from the tape device is to start
	      with the last volume and work toward  the	 first	volume.	  Sets
	      owner, access modes, and file creation times for all directories
	      that have been added to the files-to-read list; nothing is  read
	      from  the tape.  This interactive command is useful for cleaning
	      up files after a restore or rrestore  command  has  been	prema‐
	      turely  aborted.	 Toggles  the  -v  modifier  (see  the -v flag
	      below).  When set, the verbose option causes the ls  command  to
	      list  the	 inode	numbers	 of  all files in the list of files to
	      read.  This interactive  command	also  causes  the  restore  or
	      rrestore	command	 to  output information about each file to the
	      output device when the file is read.  Lists  a  summary  of  the
	      available	 interactive commands.	Outputs the tape header infor‐
	      mation to the standard output device.  Exits  immediately,  even
	      when  the	 all  the files on list of files to read have not been
	      read.  Toggles the debugging mode.  Same as quit	command.   The
	      tape  is	read and all files are loaded into the current working
	      directory.  The -r  function  option  should  only  be  used  to
	      restore a complete dump into an empty file system, or to restore
	      a previous incremental dump or rdump to the file system after  a
	      full   level  0  (zero)  restoration  of	files.	 For  example:
	      /sbin/newfs	/dev/rdisk/dsk0g       eagle	   /sbin/mount
	      /dev/disk/dsk0g  /mnt cd	mnt restore  -r

	      These  four  line	 entries are a typical sequence of commands to
	      restore a complete set of files from tape to the raw disk	 whose
	      device   name  is	 /dev/rdisk/dsk0g  and	whose  parameters  are
	      described in the /etc/disktab file under the  name  eagle.   The
	      file  system name is /dev/disk/dsk0g and the directory where the
	      file system is mounted and to which the files are	 written  from
	      the default tape device is called /mnt.

	      Other  restore  or  rrestore operations may be called to restore
	      additional files from a previous incremental dump	 or  rdump  to
	      the  tape	 device.   Note	 that  the restore or rrestore process
	      writes a file named restoresymtab to the current directory.  The
	      restoresymtab  file is used by these processes to provide infor‐
	      mation for incremental file restorations only; this scratch file
	      has  no  other  use and so should be removed when files from the
	      last  incremental	 storage  medium  has	been   restored.   The
	      restoresymtab  filename  is appended with the node identifier of
	      the cluster member (member id), which is	always	zero  (0)  for
	      standalone  systems.  The restore or rrestore command requests a
	      particular tape of a multivolume set on which to restart a  full
	      restore (see the -r option).  This allows restore or rrestore to
	      be interrupted and then restarted.  The files specified  by  the
	      name  parameter  are  listed  when  they are stored on the tape.
	      When a name parameter is not specified, all files	 in  the  root
	      directory	 stored	 on  the  tape	are listed, except when the -h
	      option is specified.  The files specified by the name  parameter
	      are  read from the tape device.  When the name parameter matches
	      a directory whose contents are stored on the tape,  and  the  -h
	      option  is  not specified, the directory is recursively searched
	      until all files have been read.  The file owner, time of modifi‐
	      cation,  and  access  mode  are restored when possible.  When no
	      file is specified with the name parameter, the root directory is
	      read  from  the  tape  device.   Reading	of  the root directory
	      results in storage of the entire file  content  from  the	 tape,
	      except when the -h option has been specified.

   Modifier Flags
       The  argument  that  follows  this modifier option is used as the block
       size of the tape (in kilobytes).	 When this modifier flag is not speci‐
       fied,  restore  or  rrestore  determines tape block size dynamically as
       long as the maximum number of tape blocks to be read (blocking  factor)
       is less than 128k.  Otherwise, include this option with the appropriate
       blocking factor.	 Reads an old style dump tape  (pre-4.2BSD  file  sys‐
       tem).   Debug  mode.  restore or rrestore performs many internal checks
       about the consistency  of  internal  structures	and  prints  debugging
       information  to	the  standard output.  When an argument follows the -f
       modifier flag, it is used as the name of the archive device,  replacing
       the  default  tape device /dev/tape/tape0_d1.  When the argument is the
       character - (dash), restore or  rrestore	 reads	from  standard	input.
       Thus,  dump and restore or rdump and rrestore may be used in a pipeline
       expression to copy file systems with  the  following  typical  command:
       dump   -0f   -	/usr  |	 (cd /mnt;  restore  -xf  -) The argument that
       follows the -F modifier flag is used as the name of the file from which
       interactive input is read.  As described in the foregoing list of Func‐
       tion Flags for the -i function option, normally standard input is read.
       The  -F	modifier  flag	allows	the interactive mode of the restore or
       rrestore command to be obtained from a previously written command  file
       (similar to a shell script).

	      In  the  application described here, the following are affected:
	      The interactive interface A prompt for the next volume number  A
	      prompt to set the access mode for (dot)

	      Error  recovery  interaction  and	 the  verification of operator
	      readiness are not affected.  For	example,  if  the  file	 named
	      inputfile	 contains the following interactive command lines (the
	      commands are taken from the Function Flags list):

	      add delete foo add foo/bar extract 1 yes quit

	      issuing the command: restore  -iF	 inputfile

	      uses the interactive mode to automatically mark  everything  for
	      reading  (add), to unmark the subdirectory (delete foo), to mark
	      the file	foo/bar	 (add  foo/bar),  to  read  the	 marked	 files
	      (extract),  to  specify volume 1 (1) of the default tape, to set
	      the access mode for dot, (yes),  and then quit (quit).  Use this
	      modifier	to  restore  files  to a specific directory level. The
	      specific directory level is the file  name  defined  by  the  -x
	      switch or the -t switch (when using command mode) or a file name
	      in the argument list of the add  or  the	delete	command	 (when
	      using  interactive  mode). Files in the named directory that are
	      directories are not restored.  Thus, you can use	this  modifier
	      to  prevent hierarchical restoration of complete subtrees.  When
	      this modifier is specified, restore or rrestore reads  according
	      to  inode	 numbers rather than filename.	This read operation is
	      useful when only a few files are restored and you want to	 avoid
	      rewriting the complete pathname to each file.  Tells restore not
	      to write to disk.	 This option does not permit  the  process  to
	      act  on  files in the current directory.	The argument that fol‐
	      lows this modifier flag is used as the number (1 is the  origin)
	      of  the file to restore.	This option is used to write more than
	      one dump file from the tape.  Normally the restore  or  rrestore
	      commands	do not notify you about their progress in reading from
	      the storage device.  When this modifier option is used, the name
	      of  each file read from the tape is written to the standard out‐
	      put  device.   When  this	 modifier  is  specified,  restore  or
	      rrestore	does  not  query whether a tape error should cause the
	      read operation to abort, but instead  the	 process  attempts  to
	      skip  over  the  bad  block(s)  and continue the read operation.
	      Overwrites the existing files and links without any query.  When
	      this  flag  is  used, the restore or rrestore does not overwrite
	      existing files.

DESCRIPTION
       The restore and rrestore commands are used to read files and associated
       extended	 attributes  (including	 ACLs,	see the acl(4) and proplist(4)
       reference pages), from a local or remote file  system  backup  (respec‐
       tively).	 The  file system backup must have been written by the dump or
       rdump command.  The restore and rrestore commands only  read  files  to
       local file systems.

   restore
       The options bcdfhimrstvxyFNRYZ consist of function options and modifier
       flags, which may be used in any logical combination, but with a preced‐
       ing  -  (dash)  character.   Each group of options contains at most one
       function option and possibly  one  or  more  modifier  flags.  Function
       options	are irtx and R; all other options are modifier options.	 Other
       arguments specified with these commands are the	file  or  subdirectory
       name  that  specifies  files  to be restored.  The function options and
       modifier flags are described under OPTIONS.

       Unless the -h modifier flag is specified (see the -h  flag),  inclusion
       of  a  directory name refers to all files and recursively, all files in
       all subdirectories of that directory.

   rrestore
       The rrestore command reads files from a remote magnetic tape  or	 other
       specified storage device.  The files were previously saved to tape with
       a dump or rdump command.	 The rrestore command is identical  in	opera‐
       tion  to	 restore, except the -f function option must be specified, and
       the dump_file parameter must have the form: machine:device

       If you want to specify an IPv6 address for machine, you must prefix the
       address	with the \[ (backslash, left bracket) characters and terminate
       the address with the \] (backslash, right bracket) characters.  Because
       the bracket characters are shell metacharacters, your must precede them
       with the backslash character.

       The rrestore command starts remote server /usr/sbin/rmt on  the	client
       machine to access the storage medium.

NOTES
       Do not use the restore or rrestore commands to extract an archive on an
       AdvFS filesystem.

       The restore or rrestore process may become confused when	 doing	incre‐
       mental  reads  from  tapes  that were previously written from an active
       file system.

       A level 0 (zero) tape dump or rdump must be done after a full  restore.
       Because	restore	 or rrestore runs without kernel privileges, it has no
       control over inode allocation; thus, a full restore must be done to get
       a  new  set  of directories that reflect new inode numbering, even when
       the content of files are unchanged.

       When the -Y flag is specified, all files, including hard	 and  symbolic
       links,  are  overwritten.   When the -Y flag is not specified, hard and
       symbolic links are not overwritten, as in previous releases.

       Attempting to do a restore/rrestore to a	 base  directory  that	has  a
       default	ACL  or	 a  default access ACL may cause unintended ACLs to be
       created on the restored files and directories. If ACLs are  enabled  on
       the system, check all ACLs after the restore/rrestore.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Detects bad option characters.

       Detects	read errors.  When the -y modifier flag has been specified, or
       you respond with y, the process attempts to continue the restore opera‐
       tion.

       When a previous dump or rdump writes over more than one storage device,
       restore or rrestore asks you to change a filled volume.

       When the -x or -i  function  option  has	 been  specified,  restore  or
       rrestore	 also asks what volume you wish to mount. Note, the restore -x
       command is silent if a pipe or a regular file is involved.

       A fast way to read a few files is to first mount the last  volume,  and
       then mount other previous volumes working toward the first volume.

       There  are  numerous  consistency checks that can be listed by restore.
       Most checks are self-explanatory.

   Common Errors
       Common errors are listed as follows: A tape previously written from  an
       old  file  system has been loaded.  On reading, the old file system was
       automatically converted to a new filesystem format.  One or more	 file‐
       names specified by the filename parameter was listed in the tape direc‐
       tory, but was not found on the tape.  This is caused by storage	device
       read errors when searching for a named file, or when a previously writ‐
       ten tape was created on an active file system.  A  file	that  was  not
       listed in the directory was detected.  This can occur when using a tape
       previously created on an active file system.   When  doing  incremental
       restore,	 a tape that was written before the previous incremental tape,
       or one that has too low an incremental level  has  been	loaded.	  When
       doing incremental restore or rrestore, a storage process does not begin
       its coverage where the previous incremental tape left off, or one  that
       has  too	 high an incremental level has been loaded.  A tape read error
       has occurred.  When a filename is specified, its contents are  probably
       partially wrong.	 When an inode is being skipped, or the tape is trying
       to resynchronize, no files read from tape have been corrupted  although
       some  files  may	 not  be  found on the tape.  After a tape read error,
       restore or rrestore may have to	resynchronize  itself.	 This  message
       lists the number of blocks that were skipped.

FILES
       Specifies the command path Specifies the command path The default stor‐
       age device.  A file that lists directories stored on the default	 tape.
       Owner,  permission  mode, and timestamps for stored directories.	 Holds
       information required during incremental restore or rrestore operations.
       The  file  is  created in the current working directory and is appended
       with the node identifier of the cluster member, such as

SEE ALSO
       Commands: dump(8), rdump(8), mount(8), umount(8), newfs(8)

       Files: acl(4), proplist(4)

								    restore(8)
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