RENAME(2)		    BSD System Calls Manual		     RENAME(2)

NAME
     rename — change the name of a file

SYNOPSIS
     #include <stdio.h>

     int
     rename(const char *from, const char *to);

DESCRIPTION
     Rename() causes the link named from to be renamed as to.  If to exists,
     it is first removed.  Both from and to must be of the same type (that is,
     both directories or both non-directories), and must reside on the same
     file system.

     Rename() guarantees that an instance of to will always exist, even if the
     system should crash in the middle of the operation.

     If the final component of from is a symbolic link, the symbolic link is
     renamed, not the file or directory to which it points.

CAVEAT
     The system can deadlock if a loop in the file system graph is present.
     This loop takes the form of an entry in directory ‘a’, say ‘a/foo’, being
     a hard link to directory ‘b’, and an entry in directory ‘b’, say ‘b/bar’,
     being a hard link to directory ‘a’.  When such a loop exists and two sep‐
     arate processes attempt to perform ‘rename a/foo b/bar’ and ‘rename b/bar
     a/foo’, respectively, the system may deadlock attempting to lock both
     directories for modification.  Hard links to directories should be
     replaced by symbolic links by the system administrator.

RETURN VALUES
     A 0 value is returned if the operation succeeds, otherwise rename()
     returns -1 and the global variable errno indicates the reason for the
     failure.

ERRORS
     Rename() will fail and neither of the argument files will be affected if:

     [EINVAL]	   Either pathname contains a character with the high-order
		   bit set.

     [ENAMETOOLONG]
		   A component of either pathname exceeded 255 characters, or
		   the entire length of either path name exceeded 1023 charac‐
		   ters.

     [ENOENT]	   A component of the from path does not exist, or a path pre‐
		   fix of to does not exist.

     [EACCES]	   A component of either path prefix denies search permission.

     [EACCES]	   The requested link requires writing in a directory with a
		   mode that denies write permission.

     [EPERM]	   The directory containing from is marked sticky, and neither
		   the containing directory nor from are owned by the effec‐
		   tive user ID.

     [EPERM]	   The to file exists, the directory containing to is marked
		   sticky, and neither the containing directory nor to are
		   owned by the effective user ID.

     [ELOOP]	   Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating
		   either pathname.

     [ENOTDIR]	   A component of either path prefix is not a directory.

     [ENOTDIR]	   from is a directory, but to is not a directory.

     [EISDIR]	   to is a directory, but from is not a directory.

     [EXDEV]	   The link named by to and the file named by from are on dif‐
		   ferent logical devices (file systems).  Note that this
		   error code will not be returned if the implementation per‐
		   mits cross-device links.

     [ENOSPC]	   The directory in which the entry for the new name is being
		   placed cannot be extended because there is no space left on
		   the file system containing the directory.

     [EDQUOT]	   The directory in which the entry for the new name is being
		   placed cannot be extended because the user's quota of disk
		   blocks on the file system containing the directory has been
		   exhausted.

     [EIO]	   An I/O error occurred while making or updating a directory
		   entry.

     [EROFS]	   The requested link requires writing in a directory on a
		   read-only file system.

     [EFAULT]	   Path points outside the process's allocated address space.

     [EINVAL]	   From is a parent directory of to, or an attempt is made to
		   rename ‘.’ or ‘..’.

     [ENOTEMPTY]   To is a directory and is not empty.

SEE ALSO
     open(2) symlink(7)

STANDARDS
     Rename() conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (“POSIX”).

4.2 Berkeley Distribution	 June 4, 1993	     4.2 Berkeley Distribution

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