RDIST(1) BSD Reference Manual RDIST(1)NAMErdist - remote file distribution program
SYNOPSISrdist [-KNRbhinqvwy] [-d var=value] [-f distfile] [-k realm] [-P rshcmd]
[-m host] [name ...]
rdist [-KNRbhinqvwy] [-k realm] [-P rshcmd] -c name ...
[login@]host[:dest]
DESCRIPTION
Rdist is a program to maintain identical copies of files over multiple
hosts. It preserves the owner, group, mode, and modification time of
files if possible, and can update programs that are executing. Rdist
reads commands from distfile to direct the updating of files and/or di-
rectories.
Options specific to the first SYNOPSIS form:
- If distfile is `-', the standard input is used.
-f distfile
Use the specified distfile.
If either the -f or `-' option is not specified, the program looks first
for ``distfile'', then ``Distfile'' to use as the input. If no names are
specified on the command line, rdist will update all of the files and di-
rectories listed in distfile. Otherwise, the argument is taken to be the
name of a file to be updated or the label of a command to execute. If la-
bel and file names conflict, it is assumed to be a label. These may be
used together to update specific files using specific commands.
Options specific to the second SYNOPSIS form:
-c Forces rdist to interpret the remaining arguments as a small
distfile.
The equivalent distfile is as follows.
(name ...) -> [login@] host
install [dest];
Options common to both forms:
-b Binary comparison. Perform a binary comparison and update
files if they differ rather than comparing dates and sizes.
-d var=value
Define var to have value. The -d option is used to define or
override variable definitions in the distfile. Value can be
the empty string, one name, or a list of names surrounded by
parentheses and separated by tabs and/or spaces.
-h Follow symbolic links. Copy the file that the link points to
rather than the link itself.
-i Ignore unresolved links. Rdist will normally try to maintain
the link structure of files being transferred and warn the
user if all the links cannot be found.
-K Passed to rsh. Turns off all Kerberos authentication.
-k realm Passed to rsh. Requests rdist to obtain tickets for the re-
mote host in realm realm instead of the remote host's realm
as determined by krb_realmofhost(3).
-N Passed to rsh. Causes rdist to fail if Kerberos authentica-
tion is not successful. Normally, rdist will try ``normal''
authentication if Kerberos authentication fails.
-m host Limit which machines are to be updated. Multiple -m arguments
can be given to limit updates to a subset of the hosts listed
in the distfile.
-n Print the commands without executing them. This option is
useful for debugging distfile.
-q Quiet mode. Files that are being modified are normally print-
ed on standard output. The -q option suppresses this.
-P rshcmd Normally, rdist invokes ``rsh -S'' to make a connection to
the remote host. The -P flag specifies that rshcmd should be
used instead.
-R Remove extraneous files. If a directory is being updated, any
files that exist on the remote host that do not exist in the
master directory are removed. This is useful for maintaining
truly identical copies of directories.
-v Verify that the files are up to date on all the hosts. Any
files that are out of date will be displayed but no files
will be changed nor any mail sent.
-w Whole mode. The whole file name is appended to the destina-
tion directory name. Normally, only the last component of a
name is used when renaming files. This will preserve the di-
rectory structure of the files being copied instead of flat-
tening the directory structure. For example, renaming a list
of files such as ( dir1/f1 dir2/f2 ) to dir3 would create
files dir3/dir1/f1 and dir3/dir2/f2 instead of dir3/f1 and
dir3/f2.
-x Passed to rsh. Turns on DES encryption for all data passed
via the rdist session. This may impact response time and CPU
utilization, but provides increased security.
-y Younger mode. Files are normally updated if their
modification time and size (see stat(2)) disagree. The -y
option causes rdist not to update files that are younger than
the master copy. This can be used to prevent newer copies on
other hosts from being replaced. A warning message is print-
ed for files which are newer than the master copy.
Distfile contains a sequence of entries that specify the files to be
copied, the destination hosts, and what operations to perform to do the
updating. Each entry has one of the following formats.
<variable name> `=' <name list>
[label:]<source list> `->' <destination list> <command list>
[label:]<source list> `::' <time_stamp file> <command list>
The first format is used for defining variables. The second format is
used for distributing files to other hosts. The third format is used for
making lists of files that have been changed since some given date. The
source list specifies a list of files and/or directories on the local
host which are to be used as the master copy for distribution. The
destination list is the list of hosts to which these files are to be
copied. Each file in the source list is added to a list of changes if
the file is out of date on the host which is being updated (second for-
mat) or the file is newer than the time stamp file (third format).
Labels are optional. They are used to identify a command for partial up-
dates.
Newlines, tabs, and blanks are only used as separators and are otherwise
ignored. Comments begin with `#' and end with a newline.
Variables to be expanded begin with `$' followed by one character or a
name enclosed in curly braces (see the examples at the end).
The source and destination lists have the following format:
<name>
or
`(' <zero or more names separated by white-space> `)'
The shell meta-characters `[', `]', `{', `}', `*', and `?' are recog-
nized and expanded (on the local host only) in the same way as csh(1).
They can be escaped with a backslash. The `~' character is also expanded
in the same way as csh(1) but is expanded separately on the local and
destination hosts. When the -w option is used with a file name that be-
gins with `~', everything except the home directory is appended to the
destination name. File names which do not begin with `/' or `~' use the
destination user's home directory as the root directory for the rest of
the file name.
The command list consists of zero or more commands of the following for-
mat.
`install' <options> opt_dest_name `;'
`notify' <name list> `;'
`except' <name list> `;'
`except_pat' <pattern list> `;'
`special' <name list> string `;'
The install command is used to copy out of date files and/or directories.
Each source file is copied to each host in the destination list. Direc-
tories are recursively copied in the same way. Opt_dest_name is an op-
tional parameter to rename files. If no install command appears in the
command list or the destination name is not specified, the source file
name is used. Directories in the path name will be created if they do
not exist on the remote host. To help prevent disasters, a non-empty di-
rectory on a target host will never be replaced with a regular file or a
symbolic link. However, under the `-R' option a non-empty directory will
be removed if the corresponding filename is completely absent on the mas-
ter host. The options are `-R', `-h', `-i', `-v', `-w', `-y', and `-b'
and have the same semantics as options on the command line except they
only apply to the files in the source list. The login name used on the
destination host is the same as the local host unless the destination
name is of the format ``login@host".
The notify command is used to mail the list of files updated (and any er-
rors that may have occurred) to the listed names. If no `@' appears in
the name, the destination host is appended to the name (e.g., name1@host,
name2@host, ...).
The except command is used to update all of the files in the source list
except for the files listed in name list. This is usually used to copy
everything in a directory except certain files.
The except_pat command is like the except command except that pattern
list is a list of regular expressions (see re_format(7) for details). If
one of the patterns matches some string within a file name, that file
will be ignored. Note that since `\' is a quote character, it must be
doubled to become part of the regular expression. Variables are expanded
in pattern list but not shell file pattern matching characters. To in-
clude a `$', it must be escaped with `\'.
The special command is used to specify sh(1) commands that are to be exe-
cuted on the remote host after the file in name list is updated or in-
stalled. If the name list is omitted then the shell commands will be ex-
ecuted for every file updated or installed. The shell variable `FILE' is
set to the current filename before executing the commands in string.
String starts and ends with `"' and can cross multiple lines in distfile.
Multiple commands to the shell should be separated by `;'. Commands are
executed in the user's home directory on the host being updated. The
special command can be used to rebuild private databases, etc. after a
program has been updated.
The following is a small example:
HOSTS = ( matisse root@arpa )
FILES = ( /bin /lib /usr/bin /usr/games
/usr/include/{*.h,{stand,sys,vax*,pascal,machine}/*.h}
/usr/lib /usr/man/man? /usr/ucb /usr/local/rdist )
EXLIB = ( Mail.rc aliases aliases.dir aliases.pag crontab dshrc
sendmail.cf sendmail.fc sendmail.hf sendmail.st uucp vfont )
${FILES} -> ${HOSTS}
install -R ;
except /usr/lib/${EXLIB} ;
except /usr/games/lib ;
special /usr/lib/sendmail "/usr/lib/sendmail -bz" ;
srcs:
/usr/src/bin -> arpa
except_pat ( \\.o\$ /SCCS\$ ) ;
IMAGEN = (ips dviimp catdvi)
imagen:
/usr/local/${IMAGEN} -> arpa
install /usr/local/lib ;
notify ralph ;
${FILES} :: stamp.cory
notify root@cory ;
FILES
distfile input command file
/tmp/rdist* temporary file for update lists
SEE ALSOsh(1), csh(1), rsh(1), stat(2)HISTORY
The rdist command appeared in 4.3BSD.
DIAGNOSTICS
A complaint about mismatch of rdist version numbers may really stem from
some problem with starting your shell, e.g., you are in too many groups.
BUGS
Source files must reside on the local host where rdist is executed.
There is no easy way to have a special command executed after all files
in a directory have been updated.
Variable expansion only works for name lists; there should be a general
macro facility.
Rdist aborts on files which have a negative mtime (before Jan 1, 1970).
There should be a ``force'' option to allow replacement of non-empty di-
rectories by regular files or symlinks. A means of updating file modes
and owners of otherwise identical files and directories is also needed.
4.3 Berkeley Distribution March 17, 1994 5
