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rcsfile(4)							    rcsfile(4)

NAME
       rcsfile - format of RCS files

DESCRIPTION
       An  RCS file is an ASCII file.  Its contents are described by the gram‐
       mar below.  The text is free format, that is, spaces, tabs and  newline
       characters  have	 no  significance  except  in  strings.	  Strings  are
       enclosed by symbols.  If a string contains the symbol, the symbol  must
       be doubled.

       The meta syntax uses the following conventions:

		|      (bar)		  Separates alternatives.
	      {...}    (braces)		  Enclose optional phrases.
	      {...}*   (braces star)	  Enclose  phrases  that  may  be repeated
					  zero or more times.
	      {...}+   (braces plus)	  Enclose  phrases  that  must	appear	at
					  least once and may be repeated.
	      <...>    (angle brackets)	  Enclose nonterminals.

   RCS File Grammar
       Identifiers  are	 case sensitive.  Keywords are in lowercase only.  The
       sets of keywords and identifiers may overlap.

       <rcstext>   ::= <admin> {<delta>}* <desc> {<deltatext>}*

       <admin>	   ::= head    {<num>};
		       access  {<id>}*;
		       symbols {<id> : <num>}*;
		       locks   {<id> : <num>}*; {strict ;}
		       comment {<string>};

       <delta>	   ::= <num>
		       date    <num>;
		       author  <id>;
		       state   {<id>};
		       branches {<num>}*;
		       next    {<num>};

       <desc>	   ::= desc    <string>

       <deltatext> ::= <num>
		       log     <string>
		       text    <string>

       <num>	   ::= {<digit>{.}}+

       <digit>	   ::= 0 | 1 | ... | 9

       <id>	   ::= <letter>{<idchar>}*

       <letter>	   ::= A | B | ... | Z | a | b | ... | z

       <idchar>	   ::= Any printing ASCII character except space,
		       tab, carriage return, newline, and <special>.

       <special>   ::= ; | : | , | @

       <string>	   ::= @{any ASCII character, with "@" doubled}*@

   RCS File Structure
       The nodes form a tree.  All nodes whose numbers	consist	 of  a	single
       pair  (for  example,  2.3,  2.1,	 1.3, etc.)  are on the trunk, and are
       linked through the field in order of decreasing numbers.	 The field  in
       the  node  points  to  the head of that sequence (that is, contains the
       highest pair).

       All nodes whose numbers consist	of  2n	fields	(n>=2)	(for  example,
       3.1.1.1,	 2.1.2.2, etc.)	 are linked as follows.	 All nodes whose first
       (2n)-1 number fields are identical are  linked  through	the  field  in
       order  of  increasing  numbers.	For each such sequence, the node whose
       number is identical to the first 2(n-1) number fields of the deltas  on
       that  sequence is called the branchpoint.  The field of a node contains
       a list of the numbers of the first nodes of all sequences for which  it
       is a branchpoint.  This list is ordered in increasing numbers.

EXAMPLES
				    head
				      |
				      |
				      v
				  ---------
	    / \		 / \	  |	  |	 / \	       / \
	   /   \	/   \	  |  2.1  |	/   \	      /	  \
	  /	\      /     \	  |	  |    /     \	   __/	   \__
	 /1.2.1.3\    /1.3.1.1\	  |	  |   /1.2.2.2\	  /1.2.2.1.1.1\
	 ---------    ---------	  ---------   ---------	  -------------
	     ^		  ^	      |		  ^		^
	     |		  |	      |		  |		|
	     |		  |	      v		  |		|
	    / \		  |	  ---------	 / \		|
	   /   \	  |	  \  1.3  /	/   \		|
	  /	\	  ---------\	 /     /     \-----------
	 /1.2.1.1\		    \	/     /1.2.2.1\
	 ---------		     \ /      ---------
	     ^			      |		  ^
	     |			      |		  |
	     |			      v		  |
	     |			  ---------	  |
	     |			  \  1.2  /	  |
	     ----------------------\	 /---------
				    \	/
				     \ /
				      |
				      |
				      v
				  ---------
				  \  1.1  /
				   \	 /
				    \	/
				     \ /

WARNINGS
       RCS  is	designed  to  be used with text (ASCII) files only.  Using RCS
       with nontext (binary) files results in data corruption.

AUTHOR
       was developed by Walter F. Tichy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
       47907, USA.

       1982 by Walter F. Tichy.

SEE ALSO
       ci(1),  co(1),  ident(1),  rcs(1),  rcsdiff(1),	rcsmerge(1),  rlog(1),
       rcsintro(5).

								    rcsfile(4)
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