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ra(7)									 ra(7)

NAME
       ra - MSCP disk interface

SYNOPSIS
       For XMI/KDM (only for the DEC 7000):

       bus xmi0 at iop0 vector xmierror controller uq0 at xmi? port kdm vector
       uqintr device disk ra4 at uq0 drive 4

       For XMI/CI/HSC (only for the DEC 7000):

       bus xmi0 at iop0 vector	xmierror  bus  ci0  at	xmi?  port  np	vector
       cimna_isr controller hsc6 at ci0 cinode 6 device disk ra1 at hsc6 drive
       1

       For ra devices dual ported between two controllers:

       device disk ra3 at * drive 3

DESCRIPTION
       This is a driver for all MSCP disk controllers.	All controllers commu‐
       nicate with the host through a packet-oriented protocol termed the Mass
       Storage Control Protocol (MSCP).

       The following rules are used to determine the major and	minor  numbers
       that  are  associated with an ra disk type: There are two major numbers
       for an ra type disk, major number 23 and major number 28.  Major number
       23  specifies  an ra block device, and major number 28 specifies the ra
       character device file.  Each major number represents up to  255	disks.
       The  minor number is used to represent both the logical unit number and
       the disk partition.  A disk partition refers to a designated portion of
       the  physical  disk.   To refer to both the logical unit number and the
       disk partition, the 20-bit minor number is broken up  into  two	parts.
       The low three bits (bits 0-2) allow for the naming of eight partitions.
       The partitions are named a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h.  The  upper	 four‐
       teen  bits  of  the  minor number specify the logical unit number.  The
       maximum logical unit number supported is 255, with the rest of the log‐
       ical unit number field reserved for future use.

       The device special file names associated with ra disks are based on the
       following conventions, which are closely associated with the minor num‐
       ber  assigned  to the disk: The standard device names begin with ra for
       the block special file, and rra for the raw (character)	special	 file.
       Following  the  ra  is  the  logical  unit  number and then a letter, a
       through h, which specifies the partition.  In this reference page,  the
       question	 mark  (?) character represents the logical unit number in the
       name of the device special file.	  For  example	ra?b  could  represent
       devices ra0b, ra1b, and so on.

       The  following  examples show how the logical unit number is calculated
       from the major and minor number of an ra disk.

       For the device special file rra6a, the major number is 28 and the minor
       number  is 384. The partition is represented by the lower 3 bits of the
       number 384.  The lower 3 bits will be 0 (zero), which specifies	the  a
       partition.  The upper 14 bits of 384 specifies the number 6.  The major
       number is 28. Putting  all  these  pieces  together  reveals  that  the
       major/minor pair 28/384 refers to the a partition of logical unit 6.

       Similarly,  the	following  example  determines the logical unit number
       corresponding to the major/minor pair 28/386.  The low 3	 bits  of  the
       minor  number  specifies	 the  number 2, which is the c partition.  The
       upper 14 bits of the minor number specifies the number  6.   The	 major
       number  is  28.	Therefore, the major/minor pair 28/386 refers to the c
       partition of logical unit number 6 or rra6c.

       The disk can be accessed through either the block special file  or  the
       character special file.	The block special file accesses the disk using
       the file system's normal buffering mechanism.  Reads and writes to  the
       block special file can specify any size.	 This avoids the need to limit
       data transfers to the size of physical disk records  and	 to  calculate
       offsets	within	disk records.  The file system may break up large read
       and write requests into smaller fixed size transfers to the disk.

       The character special file provides a raw interface that enables direct
       transmission  between  the disk and the user's read or write buffer. In
       contrast to the block special file, reads and writes to the raw	inter‐
       face  must  be done on full sectors only.  Because of this, in raw I/O,
       counts should be multiples of 512 bytes (a disk sector).	 In  addition,
       seek  calls  should  specify  a multiple of 512 bytes. A single read or
       write to the raw interface results in exactly one I/O operation; conse‐
       quently,	 raw  I/O  may be considerably more efficient for large trans‐
       fers.

   Disk Support
       This driver handles all disk drives that can be connected to  an	 MSCP-
       based  controller.   Consult the Software Product Description to deter‐
       mine which controllers are supported for specific CPU types  and	 hard‐
       ware configurations.

       The starting location and length (in 512-byte sectors) of the disk par‐
       titions of each drive are shown in the following table. Partition sizes
       can be changed by the disklabel command.

       RA60 partitions

       ───────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ───────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       40960
       ra?b   40960    41968
       ra?c   0	       400176
       ra?d   242928   52416
       ra?e   295344   52416
       ra?f   347760   52416
       ra?g   82928    160000
       ra?h   242928   157248
       ───────────────────────

       RA70 partitions

       ───────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ───────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       40960
       ra?b   40960    122880
       ra?c   0	       547041
       ra?d   0	       163840
       ra?e   0	       471040
       ra?f   471040   76001
       ra?g   163840   383201
       ───────────────────────

       RA71 partitions

       ─────────────────────────
       disk   start	length
       ─────────────────────────
       ra?a   0		131072
       ra?b   131072	262144
       ra?c   0		1367310
       ra?d   393216	324698
       ra?e   717914	324698
       ra?f   1042612	324698

       ra?g   393216	819200
       ra?h   1212416	154894
       ─────────────────────────

       RA72 partitions

       ─────────────────────────
       disk   start	length
       ─────────────────────────
       ra?a   0		131072
       ra?b   131072	262144
       ra?c   0		1953300
       ra?d   393216	520028
       ra?e   913244	520028
       ra?f   1433272	520028
       ra?g   393216	819200
       ra?h   1212416	740884
       ─────────────────────────

       RA73 partitions

       ─────────────────────────
       disk   start	length
       ─────────────────────────
       ra?a   0		131072
       ra?b   131072	262144
       ra?c   0		3920490
       ra?d   393216	1175552
       ra?e   1568768	1175552
       ra?f   2744320	1176170
       ra?g   393216	819200
       ra?h   1212416	2708074
       ─────────────────────────

       RA80 partitions

       ───────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ───────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       40960
       ra?b   40960    41968
       ra?c   0	       237212
       ra?d   82928    51428
       ra?e   134356   51428
       ra?f   185784   51428
       ra?g   82928    154284
       ra?h   0	       0
       ───────────────────────

       RA81 partitions

       ───────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ───────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       81920
       ra?b   81920    262144
       ra?c   0	       891072
       ra?d   344064   182336
       ra?e   526400   182336
       ra?f   708736   182336
       ra?g   344064   547008
       ra?h   0	       0
       ───────────────────────

       RA82 partitions

       ────────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ────────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       131072
       ra?b   131072   262144
       ra?c   0	       1216665
       ra?d   393216   274483
       ra?e   667699   274483
       ra?f   942182   274483

       ra?g   393216   823449
       ra?h   0	       0
       ────────────────────────

       RA90 partitions

       ─────────────────────────
       disk   start	length
       ─────────────────────────
       ra?a   0		131072
       ra?b   131072	262144
       ra?c   0		2376153
       ra?d   393216	660979
       ra?e   1054195	660979
       ra?f   1715174	660979
       ra?g   393216	819200
       ra?h   1212416	1163737
       ─────────────────────────

       RA92 partitions

       ────────────────────────────
       disk	 start	   length
       ────────────────────────────
       ra?a	 0	   131072
       ra?b	 131072	   262144
       ra?c	 0	   2940951
       ra?d	 393216	   660979
       ra?e	 1054195   660979
       ra?f	 1715174   1225777
       ra?g	 393216	   819200
       ra?h	 1212416   1728535
       ────────────────────────────

       ESE20 partitions

       ───────────────────────
       disk   start    length
       ───────────────────────
       ra?a   0	       40960
       ra?b   40960    42160
       ra?c   0	       245757
       ra?d   82928    81416
       ra?e   164344   81413
       ra?f   0	       0
       ra?g   82928    162829
       ra?h   0	       0
       ───────────────────────

       Usually	the  ra?a  partition is used for the root file system, and the
       ra?b partition is used as a paging area.	 The ra?c  partition  is  used
       for pack to pack copying because it maps the entire disk.

FILES
       /dev/ra???

       /dev/rra???

SEE ALSO
       dkio(4), disklabel(8), MAKEDEV(8), uerf(8)

									 ra(7)
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