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PCAP-SAVEFILE(5)					      PCAP-SAVEFILE(5)

NAME
       pcap-savefile - libpcap savefile format

DESCRIPTION
       NOTE:  applications  and	 libraries should, if possible, use libpcap to
       read savefiles, rather than having their own code  to  read  savefiles.
       If,  in the future, a new file format is supported by libpcap, applica‐
       tions and libraries using libpcap to read savefiles  will  be  able  to
       read  the new format of savefiles, but applications and libraries using
       their own code to read savefiles will have to be changed to support the
       new file format.

       ``Savefiles''  read and written by libpcap and applications using libp‐
       cap start with a per-file header.  The format of	 the  per-file	header
       is:

	      ┌──────────────────────────────┐
	      │	       Magic number	     │
	      ├──────────────┬───────────────┤
	      │Major version │ Minor version │
	      ├──────────────┴───────────────┤
	      │	     Time zone offset	     │
	      ├──────────────────────────────┤
	      │	    Time stamp accuracy	     │
	      ├──────────────────────────────┤
	      │	      Snapshot length	     │
	      ├──────────────────────────────┤
	      │	  Link-layer header type     │
	      └──────────────────────────────┘
       All  fields  in	the  per-file header are in the byte order of the host
       writing the file.  Normally, the first field in the per-file header  is
       a  4-byte  magic	 number, with the value 0xa1b2c3d4.  The magic number,
       when read by a host with the same byte order as the host that wrote the
       file, will have the value 0xa1b2c3d4, and, when read by a host with the
       opposite byte order as the host that wrote  the	file,  will  have  the
       value  0xd4c3b2a1.   That allows software reading the file to determine
       whether the byte order of the host that wrote the file is the  same  as
       the  byte  order	 of the host on which the file is being read, and thus
       whether the values in the per-file and per-packet headers  need	to  be
       byte-swapped.

       If  the	magic number has the value 0xa1b23c4d (with the two nibbles of
       the two lower-order bytes of the magic number swapped), which would  be
       read  as 0xa1b23c4d by a host with the same byte order as the host that
       wrote the file and as 0x4d3cb2a1 by a host with the opposite byte order
       as  the	host  that  wrote the file, the file format is the same as for
       regular files, except that the time stamps for  packets	are  given  in
       seconds and nanoseconds rather than seconds and microseconds.

       Following this are:

	      A	 2-byte	 file format major version number; the current version
	      number is 2.

	      A 2-byte file format minor version number; the  current  version
	      number is 4.

	      A 4-byte time zone offset; this is always 0.

	      A	 4-byte number giving the accuracy of time stamps in the file;
	      this is always 0.

	      A 4-byte number giving the "snapshot  length"  of	 the  capture;
	      packets  longer  than  the  snapshot length are truncated to the
	      snapshot length, so that, if the snapshot length is N, only  the
	      first  N	bytes of a packet longer than N bytes will be saved in
	      the capture.

	      a 4-byte number giving the link-layer header type for packets in
	      the  capture; see pcap-linktype(7) for the LINKTYPE_ values that
	      can appear in this field.

       Following the per-file header are zero or  more	packets;  each	packet
       begins  with  a per-packet header, which is immediately followed by the
       raw packet data.	 The format of the per-packet header is:

	      ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
	      │		 Time stamp, seconds value	     │
	      ├──────────────────────────────────────────────┤
	      │Time stamp, microseconds or nanoseconds value │
	      ├──────────────────────────────────────────────┤
	      │	      Length of captured packet data	     │
	      ├──────────────────────────────────────────────┤
	      │	  Un-truncated length of the packet data     │
	      └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
       All fields in the per-packet header are in the byte order of  the  host
       writing	the file.  The per-packet header begins with a time stamp giv‐
       ing the approximate time the packet was captured; the time  stamp  con‐
       sists  of  a  4-byte value, giving the time in seconds since January 1,
       1970, 00:00:00 UTC, followed by a 4-byte	 value,	 giving	 the  time  in
       microseconds  or	 nanoseconds since that second, depending on the magic
       number in the file header.  Following that are a	 4-byte	 value	giving
       the  number of bytes of captured data that follow the per-packet header
       and a 4-byte value giving the number of	bytes  that  would  have  been
       present	had the packet not been truncated by the snapshot length.  The
       two lengths will be equal if the number of bytes	 of  packet  data  are
       less than or equal to the snapshot length.

SEE ALSO
       pcap(3PCAP), pcap-linktype(7)

				21 October 2008		      PCAP-SAVEFILE(5)
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