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PCAP(3)								       PCAP(3)

NAME
       pcap - Packet Capture library

SYNOPSIS
       #include <pcap.h>

       char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE];

       pcap_t *pcap_open_live(const char *device, int snaplen,
	       int promisc, int to_ms, char *errbuf)
       pcap_t *pcap_open_dead(int linktype, int snaplen)
       pcap_t *pcap_open_offline(const char *fname, char *errbuf)
       pcap_t *pcap_fopen_offline(FILE *fp, char *errbuf)
       pcap_dumper_t *pcap_dump_open(pcap_t *p, const char *fname)
       pcap_dumper_t *pcap_dump_fopen(pcap_t *p, FILE *fp)

       int pcap_setnonblock(pcap_t *p, int nonblock, char *errbuf);
       int pcap_getnonblock(pcap_t *p, char *errbuf);

       int pcap_findalldevs(pcap_if_t **alldevsp, char *errbuf)
       void pcap_freealldevs(pcap_if_t *alldevs)
       char *pcap_lookupdev(char *errbuf)
       int pcap_lookupnet(const char *device, bpf_u_int32 *netp,
	       bpf_u_int32 *maskp, char *errbuf)

       typedef void (*pcap_handler)(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *h,
				   const u_char *bytes);
       int pcap_dispatch(pcap_t *p, int cnt,
	       pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
       int pcap_loop(pcap_t *p, int cnt,
	       pcap_handler callback, u_char *user)
       void pcap_dump(u_char *user, struct pcap_pkthdr *h,
	       u_char *sp)

       int pcap_compile(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp,
	       char *str, int optimize, bpf_u_int32 netmask)
       int pcap_setfilter(pcap_t *p, struct bpf_program *fp)
       void pcap_freecode(struct bpf_program *)
       int pcap_setdirection(pcap_t *p, pcap_direction_t d)

       const u_char *pcap_next(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_pkthdr *h)
       int pcap_next_ex(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_pkthdr **pkt_header,
	       const u_char **pkt_data)

       void pcap_breakloop(pcap_t *)

       int pcap_inject(pcap_t *p, const void *buf, size_t size)
       int pcap_sendpacket(pcap_t *p, const u_char *buf, int size)

       int pcap_datalink(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_list_datalinks(pcap_t *p, int **dlt_buf);
       int pcap_set_datalink(pcap_t *p, int dlt);
       int pcap_datalink_name_to_val(const char *name);
       const char *pcap_datalink_val_to_name(int dlt);
       const char *pcap_datalink_val_to_description(int dlt);
       int pcap_snapshot(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_is_swapped(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_major_version(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_minor_version(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_stats(pcap_t *p, struct pcap_stat *ps)
       FILE *pcap_file(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_fileno(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_get_selectable_fd(pcap_t *p);
       void pcap_perror(pcap_t *p, char *prefix)
       char *pcap_geterr(pcap_t *p)
       char *pcap_strerror(int error)
       const char *pcap_lib_version(void)

       void pcap_close(pcap_t *p)
       int pcap_dump_flush(pcap_dumper_t *p)
       long pcap_dump_ftell(pcap_dumper_t *p)
       FILE *pcap_dump_file(pcap_dumper_t *p)
       void pcap_dump_close(pcap_dumper_t *p)

DESCRIPTION
       The  Packet  Capture  library provides a high level interface to packet
       capture systems. All packets on the network, even  those	 destined  for
       other hosts, are accessible through this mechanism.

ROUTINES
       NOTE:  errbuf  in  pcap_open_live(),  pcap_open_dead(),	pcap_open_off‐
       line(), pcap_fopen_offline(),  pcap_setnonblock(),  pcap_getnonblock(),
       pcap_findalldevs(),  pcap_lookupdev(),  and pcap_lookupnet() is assumed
       to be able to hold at least PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE chars.

       pcap_open_live() is used to obtain a packet capture descriptor to  look
       at  packets on the network.  device is a string that specifies the net‐
       work device to open; on Linux systems with  2.2	or  later  kernels,  a
       device  argument	 of  "any" or NULL can be used to capture packets from
       all interfaces.	snaplen specifies the maximum number of bytes to  cap‐
       ture.   If  this	 value	is less than the size of a packet that is cap‐
       tured, only the first snaplen bytes of that packet will be captured and
       provided	 as  packet  data.   A value of 65535 should be sufficient, on
       most if not all networks, to capture all the data  available  from  the
       packet.	promisc specifies if the interface is to be put into promiscu‐
       ous mode.  (Note that even if this parameter is	false,	the  interface
       could  well  be	in  promiscuous mode for some other reason.)  For now,
       this doesn't work on the "any" device; if an argument of "any" or  NULL
       is  supplied,  the  promisc  flag is ignored.  to_ms specifies the read
       timeout in milliseconds.	 The read timeout is used to arrange that  the
       read not necessarily return immediately when a packet is seen, but that
       it wait for some amount of time to allow more packets to arrive and  to
       read  multiple  packets	from  the OS kernel in one operation.  Not all
       platforms support a read timeout; on platforms  that  don't,  the  read
       timeout	is ignored.  A zero value for to_ms, on platforms that support
       a read timeout, will cause a read to wait forever to allow enough pack‐
       ets  to	arrive,	 with  no  timeout.  errbuf is used to return error or
       warning text.  It will be set to error text when pcap_open_live() fails
       and  returns  NULL.   errbuf  may  also	be  set	 to  warning text when
       pcap_open_live() succeds; to detect this case the caller should store a
       zero-length  string  in errbuf before calling pcap_open_live() and dis‐
       play the warning to the user if	errbuf	is  no	longer	a  zero-length
       string.

       pcap_open_dead()	 is  used  for creating a pcap_t structure to use when
       calling the other functions in libpcap.	It is typically used when just
       using libpcap for compiling BPF code.

       pcap_open_offline()  is	called	to  open  a  ``savefile'' for reading.
       fname specifies the name of the file to open. The  file	has  the  same
       format  as those used by tcpdump(1) and tcpslice(1).  The name "-" in a
       synonym for stdin.  Alternatively, you may call pcap_fopen_offline() to
       read  dumped  data  from an existing open stream fp.  Note that on Win‐
       dows, that stream should be opened in binary mode.  errbuf is  used  to
       return	error  text  and  is  only  set	 when  pcap_open_offline()  or
       pcap_fopen_offline() fails and returns NULL.

       pcap_dump_open() is called to open a ``savefile'' for writing. The name
       "-" in a synonym for stdout.  NULL is returned on failure.  p is a pcap
       struct as returned by pcap_open_offline() or  pcap_open_live().	 fname
       specifies  the  name  of	 the file to open. Alternatively, you may call
       pcap_dump_fopen() to write data to an existing open  stream  fp.	  Note
       that  on Windows, that stream should be opened in binary mode.  If NULL
       is returned, pcap_geterr() can be used to get the error text.

       pcap_setnonblock()   puts   a   capture	 descriptor,	opened	  with
       pcap_open_live(), into ``non-blocking'' mode, or takes it out of ``non-
       blocking'' mode, depending on whether the nonblock argument is non-zero
       or  zero.  It has no effect on ``savefiles''.  If there is an error, -1
       is returned and errbuf is filled in with an appropriate error  message;
       otherwise, 0 is returned.  In ``non-blocking'' mode, an attempt to read
       from the capture descriptor with pcap_dispatch() will,  if  no  packets
       are  currently  available  to be read, return 0 immediately rather than
       blocking waiting for packets to arrive.	 pcap_loop()  and  pcap_next()
       will not work in ``non-blocking'' mode.

       pcap_getnonblock()  returns  the	 current ``non-blocking'' state of the
       capture descriptor; it always returns 0 on ``savefiles''.  If there  is
       an  error,  -1  is returned and errbuf is filled in with an appropriate
       error message.

       pcap_findalldevs() constructs a list of network	devices	 that  can  be
       opened  with pcap_open_live().  (Note that there may be network devices
       that cannot be opened with  pcap_open_live()  by	 the  process  calling
       pcap_findalldevs(),  because,  for example, that process might not have
       sufficient privileges to open them for capturing; if so, those  devices
       will  not  appear  on the list.)	 alldevsp is set to point to the first
       element of the list; each element of the list is of type pcap_if_t, and
       has the following members:

	      next   if	 not  NULL, a pointer to the next element in the list;
		     NULL for the last element of the list

	      name   a pointer to a string giving a name  for  the  device  to
		     pass to pcap_open_live()

	      description
		     if	 not  NULL, a pointer to a string giving a human-read‐
		     able description of the device

	      addresses
		     a pointer to the first element of a list of addresses for
		     the interface

	      flags  interface flags:

		     PCAP_IF_LOOPBACK
			    set if the interface is a loopback interface

       Each  element  of the list of addresses is of type pcap_addr_t, and has
       the following members:

	      next   if not NULL, a pointer to the next element in  the	 list;
		     NULL for the last element of the list

	      addr   a pointer to a struct sockaddr containing an address

	      netmask
		     if not NULL, a pointer to a struct sockaddr that contains
		     the netmask corresponding to the address  pointed	to  by
		     addr

	      broadaddr
		     if not NULL, a pointer to a struct sockaddr that contains
		     the  broadcast  address  corresponding  to	 the   address
		     pointed  to by addr; may be null if the interface doesn't
		     support broadcasts

	      dstaddr
		     if not NULL, a pointer to a struct sockaddr that contains
		     the  destination  address	corresponding  to  the address
		     pointed to by addr; may be null if the interface isn't  a
		     point-to-point interface

       Note  that not all the addresses in the list of addresses are necessar‐
       ily IPv4 or IPv6 addresses - you must check the sa_family member of the
       struct sockaddr before interpreting the contents of the address.

       -1  is  returned	 on failure, in which case errbuf is filled in with an
       appropriate error message; 0 is returned on success.

       pcap_freealldevs() is used to  free  a  list  allocated	by  pcap_find‐
       alldevs().

       pcap_lookupdev() returns a pointer to a network device suitable for use
       with pcap_open_live() and pcap_lookupnet().  If there is an error, NULL
       is returned and errbuf is filled in with an appropriate error message.

       pcap_lookupnet() is used to determine the network number and mask asso‐
       ciated with the	network	 device	 device.   Both	 netp  and  maskp  are
       bpf_u_int32  pointers.  A return of -1 indicates an error in which case
       errbuf is filled in with an appropriate error message.

       pcap_dispatch() is used to collect and process packets.	cnt  specifies
       the maximum number of packets to process before returning.  This is not
       a minimum number; when reading a live capture, only  one	 bufferful  of
       packets	is read at a time, so fewer than cnt packets may be processed.
       A cnt of -1 processes all the packets received in one buffer when read‐
       ing  a  live  capture,  or  all	the packets in the file when reading a
       ``savefile''.  callback specifies a routine to  be  called  with	 three
       arguments:  a u_char pointer which is passed in from pcap_dispatch(), a
       const struct pcap_pkthdr pointer to a structure with the following mem‐
       bers:

	      ts     a	struct timeval containing the time when the packet was
		     captured

	      caplen a bpf_u_int32 giving the number of bytes  of  the	packet
		     that are available from the capture

	      len    a	bpf_u_int32  giving the length of the packet, in bytes
		     (which might be more than the number of  bytes  available
		     from  the	capture, if the length of the packet is larger
		     than the maximum number of bytes to capture)

       and a const u_char pointer to the first caplen (as given in the	struct
       pcap_pkthdr a pointer to which is passed to the callback routine) bytes
       of data from the packet (which won't necessarily be the entire  packet;
       to  capture  the	 entire	 packet,  you will have to provide a value for
       snaplen in your call to pcap_open_live() that is sufficiently large  to
       get all of the packet's data - a value of 65535 should be sufficient on
       most if not all networks).

       The number of packets read is returned.	0 is returned  if  no  packets
       were  read  from	 a  live capture (if, for example, they were discarded
       because they didn't pass the packet filter, or if,  on  platforms  that
       support a read timeout that starts before any packets arrive, the time‐
       out expires before any packets arrive, or if the	 file  descriptor  for
       the  capture  device is in non-blocking mode and no packets were avail‐
       able to be read) or if no more packets are available in a ``savefile.''
       A  return  of  -1  indicates  an	 error	in which case pcap_perror() or
       pcap_geterr() may be used to display the error text.  A	return	of  -2
       indicates  that	the  loop terminated due to a call to pcap_breakloop()
       before  any  packets  were  processed.	If   your   application	  uses
       pcap_breakloop(),  make	sure  that you explicitly check for -1 and -2,
       rather than just checking for a return value < 0.

       NOTE: when reading a live capture, pcap_dispatch() will not necessarily
       return  when  the  read	times out; on some platforms, the read timeout
       isn't supported, and, on other platforms, the timer doesn't start until
       at  least  one packet arrives.  This means that the read timeout should
       NOT be used in, for example, an interactive application, to  allow  the
       packet capture loop to ``poll'' for user input periodically, as there's
       no  guarantee  that  pcap_dispatch()  will  return  after  the  timeout
       expires.

       pcap_loop() is similar to pcap_dispatch() except it keeps reading pack‐
       ets until cnt packets are processed or an error occurs.	 It  does  not
       return  when  live  read timeouts occur.	 Rather, specifying a non-zero
       read timeout  to	 pcap_open_live()  and	then  calling  pcap_dispatch()
       allows the reception and processing of any packets that arrive when the
       timeout occurs.	A negative cnt causes pcap_loop() to loop forever  (or
       at  least  until	 an  error  occurs).  -1 is returned on an error; 0 is
       returned if cnt is exhausted; -2 is returned if the loop terminated due
       to  a  call  to pcap_breakloop() before any packets were processed.  If
       your application uses pcap_breakloop(), make sure that  you  explicitly
       check for -1 and -2, rather than just checking for a return value < 0.

       pcap_next()  reads  the	next packet (by calling pcap_dispatch() with a
       cnt of 1) and returns a u_char pointer to  the  data  in	 that  packet.
       (The  pcap_pkthdr  struct  for  that  packet is not supplied.)  NULL is
       returned if an error occured, or if no packets were read	 from  a  live
       capture	(if, for example, they were discarded because they didn't pass
       the packet filter, or if, on platforms that support a read timeout that
       starts  before any packets arrive, the timeout expires before any pack‐
       ets arrive, or if the file descriptor for the capture device is in non-
       blocking	 mode and no packets were available to be read), or if no more
       packets are available in a ``savefile.''	 Unfortunately,	 there	is  no
       way to determine whether an error occured or not.

       pcap_next_ex()  reads  the  next	 packet	 and returns a success/failure
       indication:

	      1	     the packet was read without problems

	      0	     packets are being read from a live capture, and the time‐
		     out expired

	      -1     an error occurred while reading the packet

	      -2     packets are being read from a ``savefile'', and there are
		     no more packets to read from the savefile.

       If the packet was read without problems, the pointer pointed to by  the
       pkt_header  argument  is set to point to the pcap_pkthdr struct for the
       packet, and the pointer pointed to by the pkt_data argument is  set  to
       point to the data in the packet.

       pcap_breakloop()	 sets  a  flag	that  will  force  pcap_dispatch()  or
       pcap_loop() to return rather than looping; they will return the	number
       of  packets  that  have been processed so far, or -2 if no packets have
       been processed so far.

       This routine is safe to use inside a signal handler on UNIX or  a  con‐
       sole  control  handler  on  Windows,  as	 it merely sets a flag that is
       checked within the loop.

       The flag is checked in loops reading packets from the OS - a signal  by
       itself will not necessarily terminate those loops - as well as in loops
       processing a set of packets returned by the OS.	Note that if  you  are
       catching	 signals  on UNIX systems that support restarting system calls
       after a signal, and calling pcap_breakloop() in the signal handler, you
       must specify, when catching those signals, that system calls should NOT
       be restarted by that signal.  Otherwise, if the	signal	interrupted  a
       call  reading  packets  in  a  live  capture,  when your signal handler
       returns after calling pcap_breakloop(), the call will be restarted, and
       the loop will not terminate until more packets arrive and the call com‐
       pletes.

       Note also that, in a  multi-threaded  application,  if  one  thread  is
       blocked	  in	pcap_dispatch(),    pcap_loop(),    pcap_next(),    or
       pcap_next_ex(), a call to pcap_breakloop() in a different  thread  will
       not unblock that thread; you will need to use whatever mechanism the OS
       provides for breaking a thread  out  of	blocking  calls	 in  order  to
       unblock the thread, such as thread cancellation in systems that support
       POSIX threads.

       Note that pcap_next() will, on some  platforms,	loop  reading  packets
       from  the OS; that loop will not necessarily be terminated by a signal,
       so pcap_breakloop() should be used to terminate packet processing  even
       if pcap_next() is being used.

       pcap_breakloop()	 does  not  guarantee  that no further packets will be
       processed by pcap_dispatch() or pcap_loop() after it is called; at most
       one more packet might be processed.

       If  -2  is  returned  from  pcap_dispatch() or pcap_loop(), the flag is
       cleared, so a subsequent call will resume reading packets.  If a	 posi‐
       tive  number is returned, the flag is not cleared, so a subsequent call
       will return -2 and clear the flag.

       pcap_inject() sends a raw packet through	 the  network  interface;  buf
       points  to the data of the packet, including the link-layer header, and
       size is the number of bytes in the packet.  It returns  the  number  of
       bytes  written  on success.  A return of -1 indicates an error in which
       case pcap_perror() or pcap_geterr() may be used to  display  the	 error
       text.   Note that, even if you successfully open the network interface,
       you might not have permission to send packets on it, or	it  might  not
       support	sending	 packets;  as  pcap_open_live() doesn't have a flag to
       indicate whether to open for capturing, sending, or capturing and send‐
       ing,  you  cannot request an open that supports sending and be notified
       at open time whether sending will be possible.	Note  also  that  some
       devices might not support sending packets.

       Note  that,  on	some  platforms,  the  link-layer header of the packet
       that's sent might not be the same  as  the  link-layer  header  of  the
       packet  supplied to pcap_inject(), as the source link-layer address, if
       the header contains such an address, might be changed to be the address
       assigned	 to the interface on which the packet it sent, if the platform
       doesn't support sending completely raw  and  unchanged  packets.	  Even
       worse,  some drivers on some platforms might change the link-layer type
       field to whatever value libpcap used when attaching to the device, even
       on  platforms  that  do	nominally  support  sending completely raw and
       unchanged packets.

       pcap_sendpacket() is like pcap_inject(), but it returns	0  on  success
       and  -1	on  failure.   (pcap_inject()  comes  from OpenBSD; pcap_send‐
       packet() comes from WinPcap.  Both are provided for compatibility.)

       pcap_dump()  outputs  a	packet	to  the	  ``savefile''	 opened	  with
       pcap_dump_open().  Note that its calling arguments are suitable for use
       with pcap_dispatch() or pcap_loop().   If  called  directly,  the  user
       parameter is of type pcap_dumper_t as returned by pcap_dump_open().

       pcap_compile() is used to compile the string str into a filter program.
       program is a pointer to a  bpf_program  struct  and  is	filled	in  by
       pcap_compile().	 optimize controls whether optimization on the result‐
       ing code is performed.  netmask specifies the IPv4 netmask of the  net‐
       work on which packets are being captured; it is used only when checking
       for IPv4 broadcast addresses in the filter program.  If the netmask  of
       the network on which packets are being captured isn't known to the pro‐
       gram, or if packets are being captured on the Linux "any" pseudo-inter‐
       face  that  can	capture	 on more than one network, a value of 0 can be
       supplied; tests for IPv4 broadcast addreses won't  be  done  correctly,
       but  all	 other tests in the filter program will be OK.	A return of -1
       indicates an error in which case pcap_geterr() may be used  to  display
       the error text.

       pcap_compile_nopcap()  is similar to pcap_compile() except that instead
       of passing a pcap  structure,  one  passes  the	snaplen	 and  linktype
       explicitly.  It is intended to be used for compiling filters for direct
       BPF usage, without necessarily having called pcap_open().  A return  of
       -1  indicates  an  error;  the  error  text is unavailable.  (pcap_com‐
       pile_nopcap() is a wrapper around pcap_open_dead(), pcap_compile(), and
       pcap_close();  the  latter three routines can be used directly in order
       to get the error text for a compilation error.)

       pcap_setfilter() is used to specify a filter program.  fp is a  pointer
       to  a  bpf_program  struct,  usually  the result of a call to pcap_com‐
       pile().	-1 is returned on failure, in which case pcap_geterr() may  be
       used to display the error text; 0 is returned on success.

       pcap_freecode()	is  used  to  free up allocated memory pointed to by a
       bpf_program struct generated by pcap_compile() when that BPF program is
       no longer needed, for example after it has been made the filter program
       for a pcap structure by a call to pcap_setfilter().

       pcap_setdirection() is used to specify a direction that packets will be
       captured.    pcap_direction_t   is  one	of  the	 constants  PCAP_D_IN,
       PCAP_D_OUT  or  PCAP_D_INOUT.   PCAP_D_IN  will	only  capture  packets
       received	 by  the  device, PCAP_D_OUT will only capture packets sent by
       the device and PCAP_D_INOUT will capture packets received by or sent by
       the  device.   PCAP_D_INOUT  is the default setting if this function is
       not called.  This isn't necessarily supported on	 all  platforms;  some
       platforms  might	 return	 an  error, and some other platforms might not
       support PCAP_D_OUT.  This operation is not supported if a  ``savefile''
       is being read.  -1 is returned on failure, 0 is returned on success.

       pcap_datalink()	returns	 the  link layer type; link layer types it can
       return include:

	    DLT_NULL
		 BSD loopback encapsulation; the link layer header is a 4-byte
		 field,	 in  host  byte	 order,	 containing  a	PF_ value from
		 socket.h for the network-layer protocol of the packet.

		 Note that ``host byte	order''	 is  the  byte	order  of  the
		 machine on which the packets are captured, and the PF_ values
		 are for the OS of the machine on which the packets  are  cap‐
		 tured;	 if  a live capture is being done, ``host byte order''
		 is the byte order of the machine capturing the	 packets,  and
		 the  PF_  values are those of the OS of the machine capturing
		 the packets, but if a ``savefile'' is being  read,  the  byte
		 order and PF_ values are not necessarily those of the machine
		 reading the capture file.

	    DLT_EN10MB
		 Ethernet (10Mb, 100Mb, 1000Mb, and up)

	    DLT_IEEE802
		 IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

	    DLT_ARCNET
		 ARCNET

	    DLT_SLIP
		 SLIP; the link layer header contains, in order:

		      a 1-byte flag, which is 0 for packets  received  by  the
		      machine and 1 for packets sent by the machine;

		      a	 1-byte	 field, the upper 4 bits of which indicate the
		      type of packet, as per RFC 1144:

			   0x40 an unmodified IP datagram (TYPE_IP);

			   0x70 an  uncompressed-TCP   IP   datagram   (UNCOM‐
				PRESSED_TCP),  with  that byte being the first
				byte of the raw IP header on  the  wire,  con‐
				taining	 the connection number in the protocol
				field;

			   0x80 a compressed-TCP IP datagram (COMPRESSED_TCP),
				with  that  byte  being	 the first byte of the
				compressed TCP/IP datagram header;

		      for  UNCOMPRESSED_TCP,  the  rest	 of  the  modified  IP
		      header,  and  for	 COMPRESSED_TCP, the compressed TCP/IP
		      datagram header;

		 for a total of 16 bytes; the uncompressed IP datagram follows
		 the header.

	    DLT_PPP
		 PPP;  if  the	first  2  bytes are 0xff and 0x03, it's PPP in
		 HDLC-like framing, with the PPP header	 following  those  two
		 bytes,	 otherwise  it's  PPP  without framing, and the packet
		 begins with the PPP header.

	    DLT_FDDI
		 FDDI

	    DLT_ATM_RFC1483
		 RFC 1483 LLC/SNAP-encapsulated ATM; the packet begins with an
		 IEEE 802.2 LLC header.

	    DLT_RAW
		 raw IP; the packet begins with an IP header.

	    DLT_PPP_SERIAL
		 PPP  in HDLC-like framing, as per RFC 1662, or Cisco PPP with
		 HDLC framing, as per section 4.3.1 of	RFC  1547;  the	 first
		 byte  will  be 0xFF for PPP in HDLC-like framing, and will be
		 0x0F or 0x8F for Cisco PPP with HDLC framing.

	    DLT_PPP_ETHER
		 PPPoE; the packet begins with a  PPPoE	 header,  as  per  RFC
		 2516.

	    DLT_C_HDLC
		 Cisco	PPP  with  HDLC	 framing,  as per section 4.3.1 of RFC
		 1547.

	    DLT_IEEE802_11
		 IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN

	    DLT_FRELAY
		 Frame Relay

	    DLT_LOOP
		 OpenBSD loopback encapsulation; the link layer	 header	 is  a
		 4-byte	 field,	 in network byte order, containing a PF_ value
		 from OpenBSD's socket.h for the network-layer protocol of the
		 packet.

		 Note  that, if a ``savefile'' is being read, those PF_ values
		 are not necessarily those of the machine reading the  capture
		 file.

	    DLT_LINUX_SLL
		 Linux	"cooked"  capture encapsulation; the link layer header
		 contains, in order:

		      a 2-byte "packet type", in network byte order, which  is
		      one of:

			   0	packet was sent to us by somebody else

			   1	packet was broadcast by somebody else

			   2	packet	was  multicast,	 but not broadcast, by
				somebody else

			   3	packet was sent by somebody else  to  somebody
				else

			   4	packet was sent by us

		      a	 2-byte	 field,	 in  network  byte order, containing a
		      Linux ARPHRD_ value for the link layer device type;

		      a 2-byte field, in network byte  order,  containing  the
		      length  of  the  link layer address of the sender of the
		      packet (which could be 0);

		      an 8-byte field containing that number of bytes  of  the
		      link  layer header (if there are more than 8 bytes, only
		      the first 8 are present);

		      a 2-byte field containing an Ethernet protocol type,  in
		      network  byte  order,  or	 containing 1 for Novell 802.3
		      frames without an 802.2  LLC  header  or	4  for	frames
		      beginning with an 802.2 LLC header.

	    DLT_LTALK
		 Apple	LocalTalk;  the	 packet	 begins with an AppleTalk LLAP
		 header.

	    DLT_PFLOG
		 OpenBSD pflog; the link layer header contains, in order:

		      a 1-byte header length, in host byte order;

		      a 4-byte PF_ value, in host byte order;

		      a 2-byte action code, in network byte  order,  which  is
		      one of:

			   0	passed

			   1	dropped

			   2	scrubbed

		      a	 2-byte	 reason	 code, in network byte order, which is
		      one of:

			   0	match

			   1	bad offset

			   2	fragment

			   3	short

			   4	normalize

			   5	memory

		      a 16-character interface name;

		      a 16-character ruleset name (only meaningful if  subrule
		      is set);

		      a 4-byte rule number, in network byte order;

		      a 4-byte subrule number, in network byte order;

		      a	 1-byte direction, in network byte order, which is one
		      of:

			   0	incoming or outgoing

			   1	incoming

			   2	outgoing

	    DLT_PRISM_HEADER
		 Prism monitor mode information followed by an 802.11 header.

	    DLT_IP_OVER_FC
		 RFC 2625 IP-over-Fibre Channel, with  the  link-layer	header
		 being the Network_Header as described in that RFC.

	    DLT_SUNATM
		 SunATM devices; the link layer header contains, in order:

		      a	 1-byte flag field, containing a direction flag in the
		      uppermost bit, which is set for packets  transmitted  by
		      the  machine  and	 clear	for  packets  received	by the
		      machine, and a 4-byte traffic type in  the  low-order  4
		      bits, which is one of:

			   0	raw traffic

			   1	LANE traffic

			   2	LLC-encapsulated traffic

			   3	MARS traffic

			   4	IFMP traffic

			   5	ILMI traffic

			   6	Q.2931 traffic

		      a 1-byte VPI value;

		      a 2-byte VCI field, in network byte order.

	    DLT_IEEE802_11_RADIO
		 link-layer  information  followed  by	an 802.11 header - see
		 http://www.shaftnet.org/~pizza/software/capturefrm.txt for  a
		 description of the link-layer information.

	    DLT_ARCNET_LINUX
		 ARCNET,  with no exception frames, reassembled packets rather
		 than raw frames, and an extra 16-bit offset field between the
		 destination host and type bytes.

	    DLT_LINUX_IRDA
		 Linux-IrDA  packets,  with a DLT_LINUX_SLL header followed by
		 the IrLAP header.

       pcap_list_datalinks() is used to get a list of the supported data  link
       types   of   the	  interface   associated  with	the  pcap  descriptor.
       pcap_list_datalinks() allocates an array to  hold  the  list  and  sets
       *dlt_buf.   The	caller	is  responsible	 for freeing the array.	 -1 is
       returned on failure; otherwise, the number of data link	types  in  the
       array is returned.

       pcap_set_datalink()  is	used  to set the current data link type of the
       pcap descriptor to the type specified by dlt.  -1 is returned on	 fail‐
       ure.

       pcap_datalink_name_to_val()  translates a data link type name, which is
       a DLT_ name with the DLT_ removed, to the corresponding data link  type
       value.	The  translation is case-insensitive.  -1 is returned on fail‐
       ure.

       pcap_datalink_val_to_name() translates a data link type	value  to  the
       corresponding data link type name.  NULL is returned on failure.

       pcap_datalink_val_to_description() translates a data link type value to
       a short description of that data link type.  NULL is returned on	 fail‐
       ure.

       pcap_snapshot()	  returns   the	  snapshot   length   specified	  when
       pcap_open_live() was called.

       pcap_is_swapped() returns true if the current ``savefile'' uses a  dif‐
       ferent byte order than the current system.

       pcap_major_version() returns the major number of the file format of the
       savefile; pcap_minor_version() returns the minor	 number	 of  the  file
       format  of the savefile.	 The version number is stored in the header of
       the savefile.

       pcap_file() returns the standard I/O stream of the ``savefile,''	 if  a
       ``savefile'' was opened with pcap_open_offline(), or NULL, if a network
       device was opened with pcap_open_live().

       pcap_stats() returns 0 and fills in a pcap_stat struct. The values rep‐
       resent  packet  statistics from the start of the run to the time of the
       call. If there is an error or the  underlying  packet  capture  doesn't
       support	packet	statistics,  -1	 is returned and the error text can be
       obtained with pcap_perror() or  pcap_geterr().	pcap_stats()  is  sup‐
       ported  only  on live captures, not on ``savefiles''; no statistics are
       stored in ``savefiles'', so no statistics are  available	 when  reading
       from a ``savefile''.

       pcap_fileno()  returns  the  file descriptor number from which captured
       packets are read, if a network device was opened with pcap_open_live(),
       or -1, if a ``savefile'' was opened with pcap_open_offline().

       pcap_get_selectable_fd() returns, on UNIX, a file descriptor number for
       a file descriptor on which one can do a select() or poll() to wait  for
       it  to be possible to read packets without blocking, if such a descrip‐
       tor exists, or -1, if no such descriptor exists.	 Some network  devices
       opened  with  pcap_open_live()  do  not support select() or poll() (for
       example, regular network devices on FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4, and Endace DAG
       devices), so -1 is returned for those devices.

       Note  that  on most versions of most BSDs (including Mac OS X) select()
       and   poll()    do    not    work    correctly	 on    BPF    devices;
       pcap_get_selectable_fd() will return a file descriptor on most of those
       versions (the exceptions being FreeBSD 4.3 and 4.4), a simple  select()
       or   poll()   will  not	return	even  after  a	timeout	 specified  in
       pcap_open_live() expires.  To work around  this,	 an  application  that
       uses  select()  or  poll()  to  wait for packets to arrive must put the
       pcap_t in non-blocking mode, and must  arrange  that  the  select()  or
       poll()  have  a	timeout less than or equal to the timeout specified in
       pcap_open_live(), and must try  to  read	 packets  after	 that  timeout
       expires,	 regardless  of	 whether select() or poll() indicated that the
       file descriptor for the pcap_t is ready to be read or not.  (That work‐
       around  will not work in FreeBSD 4.3 and later; however, in FreeBSD 4.6
       and later, select() and poll() work correctly on BPF  devices,  so  the
       workaround isn't necessary, although it does no harm.)

       pcap_get_selectable_fd() is not available on Windows.

       pcap_perror() prints the text of the last pcap library error on stderr,
       prefixed by prefix.

       pcap_geterr() returns the  error	 text  pertaining  to  the  last  pcap
       library	error.	NOTE: the pointer it returns will no longer point to a
       valid error message string after the pcap_t passed to it is closed; you
       must use or copy the string before closing the pcap_t.

       pcap_strerror() is provided in case strerror(1) isn't available.

       pcap_lib_version()  returns  a  pointer	to a string giving information
       about the version of the libpcap library being used; note that it  con‐
       tains more information than just a version number.

       pcap_close()  closes  the  files	 associated  with  p  and  deallocates
       resources.

       pcap_dump_file() returns the standard I/O stream	 of  the  ``savefile''
       opened by pcap_dump_open().

       pcap_dump_flush()  flushes  the	output	buffer to the ``savefile,'' so
       that any packets written with pcap_dump() but not yet  written  to  the
       ``savefile'' will be written.  -1 is returned on error, 0 on success.

       pcap_dump_ftell()  returns  the	current	 file position for the ``save‐
       file'', representing the number of bytes	 written  by  pcap_dump_open()
       and pcap_dump().	 -1 is returned on error.

       pcap_dump_close() closes the ``savefile.''

SEE ALSO
       tcpdump(1), tcpslice(1)

AUTHORS
       The original authors are:

       Van  Jacobson,  Craig  Leres  and  Steven  McCanne, all of the Lawrence
       Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

       The current version is available from "The Tcpdump Group"'s Web site at

	      http://www.tcpdump.org/

BUGS
       Please send problems, bugs, questions, desirable enhancements, etc. to:

	      tcpdump-workers@tcpdump.org

       Please send source code contributions, etc. to:

	      patches@tcpdump.org

			       27 February 2004			       PCAP(3)
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