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PASSWD(1)							     PASSWD(1)

NAME
       passwd - change login password and password attributes

SYNOPSIS
       passwd [-r files | -r ldap | -r nis | -r nisplus] [name]

       passwd [-r files] [-egh] [name]

       passwd [-r files] -s [-a]

       passwd [-r files] -s [name]

       passwd [-r files] [-d | -l | -u | -N] [-f] [-n min]
	    [-w warn] [-x max] name

       passwd -r ldap [-egh] [name]

       passwd [-r ldap ] -s [-a]

       passwd [-r ldap ] -s [name]

       passwd -r ldap [-d | -l | -u | -N] [-f] [-n min] [-w warn] [-x max] name

       passwd -r nis [-egh] [name]

       passwd -r nisplus [-egh] [-D domainname] [name]

       passwd -r nisplus -s [-a]

       passwd -r nisplus [-D domainname] -s [name]

       passwd -r nisplus [-l | -u | -N] [-f] [-n min] [-w warn]
	    [-x max] [-D domainname] name

DESCRIPTION
       The  passwd  command  changes the password or lists password attributes
       associated with the user's login name. Additionally,  privileged	 users
       can use passwd to install or change passwords and attributes associated
       with any login name.

       When used to change a password, passwd prompts everyone for  their  old
       password,  if any. It then prompts for the new password twice. When the
       old password is entered, passwd checks to see if	 it  has  aged	suffi‐
       ciently.	 If  aging is insufficient, passwd terminates; see pwconv(1M),
       nistbladm(1), and shadow(4) for additional information.

       The pwconv command creates and  updates	/etc/shadow  with  information
       from /etc/passwd. pwconv relies on a special value of x in the password
       field of /etc/passwd. This value of xindicates that  the	 password  for
       the user is already in /etc/shadow and should not be modified.

       If aging is sufficient, a check is made to ensure that the new password
       meets construction requirements. When the new  password	is  entered  a
       second  time,  the  two copies of the new password are compared. If the
       two copies are not identical, the cycle of prompting for the new	 pass‐
       word is repeated for, at most, two more times.

       Passwords must be constructed to meet the following requirements:

	   o	  Each	 password   must  have	PASSLENGTH  characters,	 where
		  PASSLENGTH is defined in /etc/default/passwd and is  set  to
		  6. Setting PASSLENGTH to more than eight characters requires
		  configuring policy.conf(4) with an algorithm	that  supports
		  greater than eight characters.

	   o	  Each	password  must	meet  the  configured  complexity con‐
		  straints specified in /etc/default/passwd.

	   o	  Each password must not be a member of the configured dictio‐
		  nary as specified in /etc/default/passwd.

	   o	  For accounts in name services which support password history
		  checking, if prior password history is  defined,  new	 pass‐
		  words must not be contained in the prior password history.

       If  all	requirements  are met, by default, the passwd command consults
       /etc/nsswitch.conf to determine in which repositories to perform	 pass‐
       word  update.  It  searches  the	 passwd and passwd_compat entries. The
       sources (repositories) associated with these entries are updated.  How‐
       ever,  the  password update configurations supported are limited to the
       following cases.	 Failure to comply with	 the  configurations  prevents
       users  from logging onto the system. The password update configurations
       are:

	   o	  passwd: files

	   o	  passwd: files ldap

	   o	  passwd: files nis

	   o	  passwd: files nisplus

	   o	  passwd: compat (==> files nis)

	   o	  passwd: compat (==> files ldap)

		  passwd_compat: ldap

	   o	  passwd: compat (==> files nisplus)

		  passwd_compat: nisplus

       You can add the ad keyword to any of the passwd configurations  in  the
       above  list.  However,  you cannot use the passwd command to change the
       password of an Active Directory (AD) user. If the ad keyword  is	 found
       in  the passwd entry during a password update operation, it is ignored.
       To update the password of an AD user, use the kpasswd(1) command.

       Network administrators, who own the NIS+ password table, can change any
       password	 attributes.  The  administrator  configured for updating LDAP
       shadow information can also change any password attributes.  See	 ldap‐
       client(1M).

       When  a	user has a password stored in one of the name services as well
       as a local files entry, the passwd command updates both. It is possible
       to  have different passwords in the name service and local files entry.
       Use passwd -r to change a specific password repository.

       In the files case, super-users (for instance, real  and	effective  uid
       equal  to  0,  see  id(1M) and su(1M)) can change any password.	Hence,
       passwd does not prompt privileged users for the old  password.	Privi‐
       leged  users  are not forced to comply with password aging and password
       construction requirements. A privileged user can create a null password
       by entering a carriage return in response to the prompt for a new pass‐
       word. (This differs from passwd -d because the password prompt is still
       displayed.)  If	NIS  is	 in  effect,  superuser on the root master can
       change any password without being prompted for the old NIS passwd,  and
       is not forced to comply with password construction requirements.

       If  LDAP	 is  in effect, superuser on any Native LDAP client system can
       change any password without being prompted for the old LDAP passwd, and
       is not forced to comply with password construction requirements.

       Normally,  passwd entered with no arguments changes the password of the
       current user. When a user logs in and then  invokes  su(1M)  to	become
       superuser or another user, passwd changes the original user's password,
       not the password of the superuser or the new user.

       Any user can use the -s option to show password attributes for  his  or
       her  own	 login	name, provided they are using the -r nisplus argument.
       Otherwise, the -s argument is restricted to the superuser.

       The format of the display is:

	 name status mm/dd/yy min max warn

       or, if password aging information is not present,

	 name status

       where

       name
		   The login ID of the user.

       status
		   The password status of name.

		   The status field can take the following values:

		   LK
			 This account is locked account. See Security.

		   NL
			 This account is a no login account. See Security.

		   NP
			 This account has no password and  is  therefore  open
			 without authentication.

		   PS
			 This account has a password.

       mm/dd/yy
		   The	date  password was last changed for name. All password
		   aging dates are determined using Greenwich Mean Time	 (Uni‐
		   versal  Time)  and therefore can differ by as much as a day
		   in other time zones.

       min
		   The	minimum	 number	 of  days  required  between  password
		   changes for name.  MINWEEKS is found in /etc/default/passwd
		   and is set to NULL.

       max
		   The maximum number of days the password is valid for	 name.
		   MAXWEEKS  is	 found	in  /etc/default/passwd	 and is set to
		   NULL.

       warn
		   The number of days relative	to  max	 before	 the  password
		   expires and the name are warned.

   Security
       passwd  uses pam(3PAM) for password change. It calls PAM with a service
       name passwd and uses service module type auth  for  authentication  and
       password for password change.

       Locking	an  account  (-l  option)  does not allow its use for password
       based  login  or	 delayed  execution  (such  as	at(1),	batch(1),   or
       cron(1M)).  The -N option can be used to disallow password based login,
       while continuing to allow delayed execution.

OPTIONS
       The following options are supported:

       -a
			Shows password attributes for all  entries.  Use  only
			with  the  -s  option.	name must not be provided. For
			the nisplus repository, this shows only the entries in
			the  NIS+  password table in the local domain that the
			invoker is authorized to read. For the files and  ldap
			repositories, this is restricted to the superuser.

       -D domainname
			Consults  the  passwd.org_dir  table in domainname. If
			this option is not specified, the  default  domainname
			returned  by  nis_local_directory(3NSL) are used. This
			domain name is the same as that	 returned  by  domain‐
			name(1M).

       -e
			Changes	 the  login shell. The choice of shell is lim‐
			ited by the requirements of getusershell(3C).  If  the
			user  currently	 has  a	 shell	that is not allowed by
			getusershell, only root can change it.

       -g
			Changes the gecos (finger) information. For the	 files
			repository,  this only works for the superuser. Normal
			users can change the ldap, nis, or  nisplus  reposito‐
			ries.

       -h
			Changes the home directory.

       -r
			Specifies  the	repository  to	which  an operation is
			applied. The supported repositories are	 files,	 ldap,
			nis, or nisplus.

       -s name
			Shows  password attributes for the login name. For the
			nisplus repository, this works for  everyone.  However
			for  the  files and ldap repositories, this only works
			for the superuser. It does not work at all for the nis
			repository which does not support password aging.

			The  output  of	 this  option, and only this option is
			Stable and parsable. The format is  username  followed
			by white space followed by one of the following codes.

			New  codes  might  be added in the future so code that
			parses this must be flexible in the  face  of  unknown
			codes.	While all existing codes are two characters in
			length that might not always be the case.

			The following are the current status codes:

			LK
			      Account  is  locked  for	UNIX   authentication.
			      passwd  -l  was run or the authentication failed
			      RETRIES times.

			NL
			      The account is a no login account. passwd -N has
			      been run.

			NP
			      Account has no password. passwd -d was run.

			PS
			      The account probably has a valid password.

			UN
			      The data in the password field is unknown. It is
			      not a recognizable hashed password or any of the
			      above  entries. See crypt(3C) for valid password
			      hashes.

   Privileged User Options
       Only a privileged user can use the following options:

       -d
		  Deletes password for name and unlocks the account. The login
		  name	is not prompted for password. It is only applicable to
		  the files and ldap repositories.

		  If  the  login(1)  option  PASSREQ=YES  is  configured,  the
		  account  is  not able to login. PASSREQ=YES is the delivered
		  default.

       -f
		  Forces the user to change password  at  the  next  login  by
		  expiring the password for name.

       -l
		  Locks	 password  entry for name. See the -d or -u option for
		  unlocking the account.

       -N
		  Makes the password entry for name a  value  that  cannot  be
		  used	for  login,  but does not lock the account. See the -d
		  option for removing the value, or to set a password to allow
		  logins.

       -n min
		  Sets minimum field for name. The min field contains the min‐
		  imum number of days between password changes	for  name.  If
		  min  is  greater than max, the user can not change the pass‐
		  word. Always use this option with the -x option, unless  max
		  is  set to −1 (aging turned off). In that case, min need not
		  be set.

       -u
		  Unlocks a locked password for entry name. See the -d	option
		  for  removing	 the  locked password, or to set a password to
		  allow logins.

       -w warn
		  Sets warn field for name. The warn field contains the number
		  of  days before the password expires and the user is warned.
		  This option is not valid if password aging is disabled.

       -x max
		  Sets maximum field for name. The max field contains the num‐
		  ber  of  days that the password is valid for name. The aging
		  for name is turned off immediately if max is set to −1.

OPERANDS
       The following operand is supported:

       name
	       User login name.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       If any of the LC_* variables, that is, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES,  LC_TIME,
       LC_COLLATE,  LC_NUMERIC,	 and LC_MONETARY (see environ(5)), are not set
       in the environment, the operational behavior of passwd for each	corre‐
       sponding	 locale	 category is determined by the value of the LANG envi‐
       ronment variable. If LC_ALL is set, its contents are used  to  override
       both  the LANG and the other LC_* variables. If none of the above vari‐
       ables is set in the environment, the C (U.S. style)  locale  determines
       how passwd behaves.

       LC_CTYPE
		      Determines  how passwd handles characters. When LC_CTYPE
		      is set to a valid value, passwd can display  and	handle
		      text  and filenames containing valid characters for that
		      locale. passwd can display and handle Extended Unix Code
		      (EUC)  characters	 where any individual character can be
		      1, 2, or 3 bytes wide. passwd can also handle EUC	 char‐
		      acters  of 1, 2, or more column widths. In the C locale,
		      only characters from ISO 8859-1 are valid.

       LC_MESSAGES
		      Determines how diagnostic and informative	 messages  are
		      presented.  This	includes the language and style of the
		      messages, and the correct form of affirmative and	 nega‐
		      tive  responses.	In the C locale, the messages are pre‐
		      sented in the default form found in the  program	itself
		      (in most cases, U.S. English).

EXIT STATUS
       The passwd command exits with one of the following values:

       0
	     Success.

       1
	     Permission denied.

       2
	     Invalid combination of options.

       3
	     Unexpected failure. Password file unchanged.

       4
	     Unexpected failure. Password file(s) missing.

       5
	     Password file(s) busy. Try again later.

       6
	     Invalid argument to option.

       7
	     Aging option is disabled.

       8
	     No memory.

       9
	     System error.

       10
	     Account expired.

FILES
       /etc/default/passwd
			      Default  values  can  be	set  for the following
			      flags  in	 /etc/default/passwd.	For   example:
			      MAXWEEKS=26

			      DICTIONDBDIR
					      The  directory  where the gener‐
					      ated    dictionary     databases
					      reside. Defaults to /var/passwd.

					      If  neither DICTIONLIST nor DIC‐
					      TIONDBDIR is specified, the sys‐
					      tem  does	 not perform a dictio‐
					      nary check.

			      DICTIONLIST
					      DICTIONLIST can contain list  of
					      comma separated dictionary files
					      such    as    DICTIONLIST=file1,
					      file2,  file3.  Each  dictionary
					      file contains multiple lines and
					      each line consists of a word and
					      a NEWLINE character (similar  to
					      /usr/share/lib/dict/words.)  You
					      must specify full pathnames. The
					      words   from   these  files  are
					      merged into a database  that  is
					      used   to	 determine  whether  a
					      password is based on  a  dictio‐
					      nary word.

					      If  neither DICTIONLIST nor DIC‐
					      TIONDBDIR is specified, the sys‐
					      tem  does	 not perform a dictio‐
					      nary check.

					      To  pre-build   the   dictionary
					      database, see mkpwdict(1M).

			      HISTORY
					      Maximum number of prior password
					      history to keep for a user. Set‐
					      ting  the	 HISTORY value to zero
					      (0),  or	removing   the	 flag,
					      causes  the  prior password his‐
					      tory of all  users  to  be  dis‐
					      carded   at  the	next  password
					      change by any user. The  default
					      is  not  to  define  the HISTORY
					      flag. The maximum value  is  26.
					      Currently, this functionality is
					      enforced only for user  accounts
					      defined  in  the files name ser‐
					      vice			(local
					      passwd(4)/shadow(4)).

			      MAXREPEATS
					      Maximum number of allowable con‐
					      secutive	repeating  characters.
					      If  MAXREPEATS  is not set or is
					      zero  (0),  the  default	is  no
					      checks

			      MAXWEEKS
					      Maximum  time  period that pass‐
					      word is valid.

			      MINALPHA
					      Minimum number of alpha  charac‐
					      ter required. If MINALPHA is not
					      set, the default is 2.

			      MINDIFF
					      Minimum	differences   required
					      between  an  old and a new pass‐
					      word. If MINDIFF is not set, the
					      default is 3.

			      MINDIGIT
					      Minimum	 number	   of	digits
					      required. If MINDIGIT is not set
					      or  is  set  to  zero  (0),  the
					      default is no checks. You cannot
					      be specify MINDIGIT if MINNONAL‐
					      PHA is also specified.

			      MINLOWER
					      Minimum  number  of  lower  case
					      letters  required. If not set or
					      zero  (0),  the  default	is  no
					      checks.

			      MINNONALPHA
					      Minimum	number	 of  non-alpha
					      (including numeric and  special)
					      required.	 If MINNONALPHA is not
					      set, the default is 1. You  can‐
					      not   specify   MINNONALPHA   if
					      MINDIGIT or MINSPECIAL  is  also
					      specified.

			      MINWEEKS
					      Minimum  time  period before the
					      password can be changed.

			      MINSPECIAL
					      Minimum number of special	 (non-
					      alpha  and non-digit) characters
					      required. If MINSPECIAL  is  not
					      set  or is zero (0), the default
					      is no checks. You cannot specify
					      MINSPECIAL  if  you also specify
					      MINNONALPHA.

			      MINUPPER
					      Minimum  number  of  upper  case
					      letters required. If MINUPPER is
					      not set  or  is  zero  (0),  the
					      default is no checks.

			      NAMECHECK
					      Enable/disable  checking	or the
					      login name. The default is to do
					      login   name  checking.  A  case
					      insensitive value of no disables
					      this feature.

			      PASSLENGTH
					      Minimum  length  of password, in
					      characters.

			      WARNWEEKS
					      Time  period  until  warning  of
					      date of password's ensuing expi‐
					      ration.

			      WHITESPACE
					      Determine if white space charac‐
					      ters  are	 allowed in passwords.
					      Valid values are YES and NO.  If
					      WHITESPACE  is not set or is set
					      to YES, white  space  characters
					      are allowed.

       /etc/oshadow
			      Temporary	 file  used  by	 passwd,  passmgmt and
			      pwconv to update the real shadow file.

       /etc/passwd
			      Password file.

       /etc/shadow
			      Shadow password file.

       /etc/shells
			      Shell database.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       ┌────────────────────┬─────────────────┐
       │  ATTRIBUTE TYPE    │ ATTRIBUTE VALUE │
       ├────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
       │CSI		    │ Enabled	      │
       ├────────────────────┼─────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability │ See below.      │
       └────────────────────┴─────────────────┘

       The human readable output is Uncommitted. The options are Committed.

SEE ALSO
       at(1),  batch(1),  finger(1),   kpasswd(1),   login(1),	 nistbladm(1),
       cron(1M),  domainname(1M),  eeprom(1M),	id(1M),	 ldapclient(1M), mkpw‐
       dict(1M), passmgmt(1M), pwconv(1M), su(1M),  useradd(1M),  userdel(1M),
       usermod(1M),  crypt(3C),	 getpwnam(3C), getspnam(3C), getusershell(3C),
       nis_local_directory(3NSL),  pam(3PAM),  loginlog(4),  nsswitch.conf(4),
       pam.conf(4),    passwd(4),    policy.conf(4),   shadow(4),   shells(4),
       attributes(5),  environ(5),  pam_authtok_check(5),  pam_authtok_get(5),
       pam_authtok_store(5),  pam_dhkeys(5), pam_ldap(5), pam_unix_account(5),
       pam_unix_auth(5), pam_unix_session(5)

NOTES
       The pam_unix(5) module is no longer supported. Similar functionality is
       provided by pam_unix_account(5), pam_unix_auth(5), pam_unix_session(5),
       pam_authtok_check(5),	 pam_authtok_get(5),	 pam_authtok_store(5),
       pam_dhkeys(5), and pam_passwd_auth(5).

       The  nispasswd  and ypasswd commands are wrappers around passwd. Use of
       nispasswd and ypasswd is discouraged.  Use  passwd  -r  repository_name
       instead.

       NIS+ might not be supported in future releases of the Solaris operating
       system.	Tools to aid the migration from NIS+ to LDAP are available  in
       the    current	Solaris	  release.   For   more	  information,	 visit
       http://www.sun.com/directory/nisplus/transition.html.

       Changing a password in the  files  and  ldap  repositories  clears  the
       failed login count.

       Changing	 a  password reactivates an account deactivated for inactivity
       for the length of the inactivity period.

       If /etc/shells is present, and is corrupted, it may provide  an	attack
       vector  that would compromise the system.  The getusershell(3c) library
       call has a pre-vetted list of shells, so	 /etc/shells  should  be  used
       with caution.

       Input  terminal	processing  might interpret some key sequences and not
       pass them to the passwd command.

       An account with no password, status code	 NP,  might  not  be  able  to
       login.  See the login(1) PASSREQ option.

				 May 31, 2013			     PASSWD(1)
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