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OD(1)			  BSD General Commands Manual			 OD(1)

NAME
     od — octal, decimal, hex, ascii dump

SYNOPSIS
     od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length]
	[-t type_string] [[+]offset[.][Bb]] file ...

DESCRIPTION
     The options are as follows:

     -A base	 Specify the input address base.  base may be one of ‘d’, ‘o’,
		 ‘x’ or ‘n’, which specify decimal, octal, hexadecimal
		 addresses or no address, respectively.

     -a		 One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in
		 octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
		 space-filled, characters of input data per line.  Control
		 characters are printed as their names instead of as C-style
		 escapes.

     -B		 Same as -o.

     -b		 One-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by sixteen space-separated, three column, zero-
		 filled, bytes of input data, in octal, per line.  This is the
		 default output style if no other is selected.

     -c		 One-byte character display.  Display the input offset in
		 octal, followed by sixteen space-separated, three column,
		 space-filled, characters of input data per line.  Control
		 characters are printed at C-style escapes, or as three octal
		 digits, if no C escape exists for the character.

     -d		 Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by eight space-separated, five column, zero-filled,
		 two-byte units of input data, in unsigned decimal, per line.

     -e		 Eight-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset
		 in octal, followed by two space-separated, twenty-one column,
		 space filled, eight byte units of input data, in floating
		 point, per line.

     -F		 Same as -e.

     -f		 Four-byte floating point display.  Display the input offset
		 in octal, followed by four space-separated, 14 column, space
		 filled, four byte units of input data, in floating point, per
		 line.

     -H		 Four-byte hex display.	 Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by four space-separated, eight column, zero filled,
		 four byte units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -h		 Two-byte hex display.	Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by eight space-separated, four column, zero filled,
		 two byte units of input data, in hex, per line.

     -I		 Four-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in
		 octal, followed by four space-separated, eleven column, space
		 filled, four byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -i		 Two-byte decimal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by eight space-separated, six column, space filled,
		 two-byte units of input data, in decimal, per line.

     -j offset	 Skip offset bytes from the beginning of the input.  By
		 default, offset is interpreted as a decimal number.  With a
		 leading 0x or 0X, offset is interpreted as a hexadecimal num‐
		 ber, otherwise, with a leading 0, offset is interpreted as an
		 octal number.	Appending the character b, k, or m to offset
		 causes it to be interpreted as a multiple of 512, 1024, or
		 1048576, respectively.

     -L		 Same as -I.

     -l		 Same as -I.

     -N length	 Interpret only length bytes of input.

     -O		 Four-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by four space-separated, eleven column, zero-filled,
		 four-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -o		 Two-byte octal display.  Display the input offset in octal,
		 followed by eight space-separated, six column, zero-filled,
		 two-byte units of input data, in octal, per line.

     -t type_string
		 Specify one or more output types.  The type_string option-
		 argument must be a string specifying the types to be used
		 when writing the input data.  The string must consist of the
		 type specification characters:

		 a selects US-ASCII output, with control characters replaced
		 with their names instead of as C escape sequences.  See also
		 the _u conversion provided by hexdump(1).

		 c selects a standard character based conversion.  See also
		 the _c conversion provided by hexdump(1).

		 f selects the floating point output format.  This type char‐
		 acter can be optionally followed by the characters 4 or F to
		 specify four byte floating point output, or 8 or L to specify
		 eight byte floating point output.  The default output format
		 is eight byte floats.	See also the e conversion provided by
		 hexdump(1).

		 d, o, u, or x select decimal, octal, unsigned decimal, or hex
		 output respectively.  These types can optionally be followed
		 by C to specify char-sized output, S to specify short-sized
		 output, I to specify int-sized output, L to specify
		 long-sized output, 1 to specify one-byte output, 2 to specify
		 two-byte output, 4 to specify four-byte output, or 8 to spec‐
		 ify eight-byte output.	 The default output format is in four-
		 byte quantities.  See also the d, o, u, and x conversions
		 provided by hexdump(1).

     -v		 The -v option causes od to display all input data.  Without
		 the -v option, any number of groups of output lines, which
		 would be identical to the immediately preceding group of out‐
		 put lines (except for the input offsets), are replaced with a
		 line comprised of a single asterisk.

     -X		 Same as -H.

     -x		 Same as -h.

     For each input file, od sequentially copies the input to standard output,
     transforming the data according to the options given.  If no options are
     specified, the default display is equivalent to specifying the -o option.

     od exits 0 on success and >0 if an error occurred.

SEE ALSO
     hexdump(1), strings(1)

HISTORY
     A od command appears in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

     This man page was written in February 2001 by Andrew Brown, shortly after
     he augmented the deprecated od syntax to include things he felt had been
     missing for a long time.

BSD			       February 9, 2010				   BSD
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