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NAMED(8)							      NAMED(8)

NAME
       named - Internet domain name server

SYNOPSIS
       named [-4] [-6] [-c config-file] [-d debug-level] [-f] [-g]
	      [-i pid-file] [-m flag] [-n #cpus] [-p port] [-s] [-t directory]
	      [-u user] [-v] [-x cache-file]

DESCRIPTION
       named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9
       distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033,
       1034, and 1035.

       When invoked without arguments, named will fork into two processes for
       privilege separation, chroot(2) to /var/named, read the default
       configuration file /var/named/etc/named.conf, read any initial data,
       and listen for queries. The privileged process will communicate with
       the child and bind(2) to privileged ports on its behalf. See CAVEATS
       section below.

OPTIONS
       -4     Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv6. -4
	      and -6 are mutually exclusive.

       -6     Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of IPv4. -4
	      and -6 are mutually exclusive.

       -c config-file
	      Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the
	      default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that reloading the
	      configuration file continues to work after the server has
	      changed its working directory due to to a possible directory
	      option in the configuration file, config-file should be an
	      absolute pathname.

       -d debug-level
	      Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level. Debugging traces
	      from named become more verbose as the debug level increases.

       -f     Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not daemonize).

       -g     Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to
	      stderr.

       -m flag
	      Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are usage,
	      trace, record, size, and mctx. These correspond to the
	      ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in <isc/mem.h>.

       -i pid-file
	      Specifies the file that contains the process ID of named. The
	      default is /var/run/named.pid.

       -n #cpus
	      Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of multiple CPUs.
	      If not specified, named will try to determine the number of CPUs
	      present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to
	      determine the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be
	      created.

       -p port
	      Listen for queries on port port. If not specified, the default
	      is port 53.

       -s     Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
	      Note: This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and
	      may be removed or changed in a future release.

       -t directory
	      Chroot to directory after processing the command line arguments,
	      but before reading the configuration file.
	      Warning: This option should be used in conjunction with the -u
	      option, as chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance
	      security on most systems; the way chroot(2) is defined allows a
	      process with root privileges to escape a chroot jail.

       -u user
	      Setuid to user after completing privileged operations, such as
	      creating sockets that listen on privileged ports.
	      Note: On Linux, named uses the kernel's capability mechanism to
	      drop all root privileges except the ability to bind(2) to a
	      privileged port and set process resource limits. Unfortunately,
	      this means that the -u option only works when named is run on
	      kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel 2.3.99-pre3 or later, since
	      previous kernels did not allow privileges to be retained after
	      setuid(2).

       -v     Report the version number and exit.

       -x cache-file
	      Load data from cache-file into the cache of the default view.
	      Warning: This option must not be used. It is only of interest to
	      BIND 9 developers and may be removed or changed in a future
	      release.

SIGNALS
       In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the
       nameserver; rndc should be used instead.

       SIGHUP Force a reload of the server.

       SIGINT, SIGTERM
	      Shut down the server.

       The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.

CONFIGURATION
       The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here.
       A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator
       Reference Manual.

CAVEATS
	named runs privilege separated for binding the privileged ports
       after an interface or address change. The privileged process will only
       allow named to bind(2) to default ports. Make sure you use unprivileged
       (>1024) ports if you change any of the default ports in named's
       configuration or on the command-line.

FILES
       /etc/named.conf
	      The default configuration file.

       /var/run/named.pid
	      The default process-id file.

SEE ALSO
       RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8),
       rndc(8), lwresd(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference
       Manual.

AUTHOR
       Internet Systems Consortium

								June 30, 2000
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