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MYSQLMANAGER(8)		     MySQL Database System	       MYSQLMANAGER(8)

NAME
       mysqlmanager - the MySQL Instance Manager

SYNOPSIS
       mysqlmanager [options]

DESCRIPTION
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       mysqlmanager is the MySQL Instance Manager (IM). This program monitors
       and manages MySQL Database Server instances. MySQL Instance Manager is
       available for Unix-like operating systems, as well as Windows. It runs
       as a daemon that listens on a TCP/IP port. On Unix, it also listens on
       a Unix socket file.

       MySQL Instance Manager can be used in place of the mysqld_safe script
       to start and stop one or more instances of MySQL Server. Because
       Instance Manager can manage multiple server instances, it can also be
       used in place of the mysqld_multi script. Instance Manager offers these
       capabilities:

       ·   Instance Manager can start and stop instances, and report on the
	   status of instances.

       ·   Server instances can be treated as guarded or unguarded:

	   ·   When Instance Manager starts, it starts each guarded instance.
	       If the instance crashes, Instance Manager detects this and
	       restarts it. When Instance Manager stops, it stops the
	       instance.

	   ·   A nonguarded instance is not started when Instance Manager
	       starts or monitored by it. If the instance crashes after being
	       started, Instance Manager does not restart it. When Instance
	       Manager exits, it does not stop the instance if it is running.

	   Instances are guarded by default. An instance can be designated as
	   nonguarded by including the nonguarded option in the configuration
	   file.

       ·   Instance Manager provides an interactive interface for configuring
	   instances, so that the need to edit the configuration file manually
	   is reduced or eliminated.

       ·   Instance Manager provides remote instance management. That is, it
	   runs on the host where you want to control MySQL Server instances,
	   but you can connect to it from a remote host to perform
	   instance-management operations.

       The following sections describe MySQL Instance Manager operation in
       more detail.

MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER COMMAND OPTIONS
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       The MySQL Instance Manager supports a number of command options. For a
       brief listing, invoke mysqlmanager with the --help option. Options may
       be given on the command line or in the Instance Manager configuration
       file. On Windows, the standard configuration file is my.ini in the
       directory where Instance Manager is installed. On Unix, the standard
       file is /etc/my.cnf. To specify a different configuration file, start
       Instance Manager with the --defaults-file option.

       mysqlmanager supports the following options. The options for managing
       entries in the password file are described further in the section
       called “INSTANCE MANAGER USER AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT”.

       ·   --help, -?

	   Display a help message and exit.

       ·   --add-user

	   Add a new user (specified with the --username option) to the
	   password file. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --angel-pid-file=file_name

	   The file in which the angel process records its process ID when
	   mysqlmanager runs in daemon mode (that is, when the
	   --run-as-service option is given). The default file name is
	   mysqlmanager.angel.pid.

	   If the --angel-pid-file option is not given, the default angel PID
	   file has the same name as the PID file except that any PID file
	   extension is replaced with an extension of .angel.pid. (For
	   example, mysqlmanager.pid becomes mysqlmanager.angel.pid.)

	   This option was added in MySQL 5.1.11.

       ·   --bind-address=IP

	   The IP address to bind to.

       ·   --check-password-file

	   Check the validity and consistency of the password file. This
	   option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --clean-password-file

	   Drop all users from the password file. This option was added in
	   MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --debug=debug_options, -# debug_options

	   Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is
	   'd:t:o,file_name'. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.10.

       ·   --default-mysqld-path=path

	   The path name of the MySQL Server binary. This path name is used
	   for all server instance sections in the configuration file for
	   which no mysqld-path option is present. The default value of this
	   option is the compiled-in path name, which depends on how the MySQL
	   distribution was configured. Example:
	   --default-mysqld-path=/usr/sbin/mysqld

       ·   --defaults-file=file_name

	   Read Instance Manager and MySQL Server settings from the given
	   file. All configuration changes made by the Instance Manager will
	   be written to this file. This must be the first option on the
	   command line if it is used, and the file must exist.

	   If this option is not given, Instance Manager uses its standard
	   configuration file. On Windows, the standard file is my.ini in the
	   directory where Instance Manager is installed. On Unix, the
	   standard file is /etc/my.cnf.

       ·   --drop-user

	   Drop a user (specified with the --username option) from the
	   password file. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --edit-user

	   Change an entry for an existing user (specified with the --username
	   option) in the password file. This option was added in MySQL
	   5.1.12.

       ·   --install

	   On Windows, install Instance Manager as a Windows service. The
	   service name is MySQL Manager.

       ·   --list-users

	   List the users in the password file. This option was added in MySQL
	   5.1.12.

       ·   --log=file_name

	   The path to the Instance Manager log file. This option has no
	   effect unless the --run-as-service option is also given. If the
	   file name specified for the option is a relative name, the log file
	   is created under the directory from which Instance Manager is
	   started. To ensure that the file is created in a specific
	   directory, specify it as a full path name.

	   If --run-as-service is given without --log, the log file is
	   mysqlmanager.log in the data directory.

	   If --run-as-service is not given, log messages go to the standard
	   output. To capture log output, you can redirect Instance Manager
	   output to a file:

	       mysqlmanager > im.log

       ·   --monitoring-interval=seconds

	   The interval in seconds for monitoring server instances. The
	   default value is 20 seconds. Instance Manager tries to connect to
	   each monitored (guarded) instance using the nonexisting
	   MySQL_Instance_Manager user account to check whether it is
	   available/not hanging. If the result of the connection attempt
	   indicates that the instance is unavailable, Instance Manager
	   performs several attempts to restart the instance.

	   Normally, the MySQL_Instance_Manager account does not exist, so the
	   connection attempts by Instance Manager cause the monitored
	   instance to produce messages in its general query log similar to
	   the following:

	       Access denied for user 'MySQL_Instance_M'@'localhost' »
		   (using password: YES)

	   The nonguarded option in the appropriate server instance section
	   disables monitoring for a particular instance. If the instance dies
	   after being started, Instance Manager will not restart it. Instance
	   Manager tries to connect to a nonguarded instance only when you
	   request the instance's status (for example, with the SHOW INSTANCES
	   status.

	   See the section called “MYSQL SERVER INSTANCE STATUS MONITORING”,
	   for more information.

       ·   --mysqld-safe-compatible

	   Run in a mysqld_safe-compatible manner. For details, see the
	   section called “STARTING THE MYSQL SERVER WITH MYSQL INSTANCE
	   MANAGER”. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --password=password, -p password

	   Specify the password for an entry to be added to or modified in the
	   password file. Unlike the --password/-P option for most MySQL
	   programs, the password value is required, not optional. See also
	   the section called “INSTANCE MANAGER USER AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT”.
	   This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --password-file=file_name

	   The name of the file where the Instance Manager looks for users and
	   passwords. On Windows, the default is mysqlmanager.passwd in the
	   directory where Instance Manager is installed. On Unix, the default
	   file is /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd. See also the section called
	   “INSTANCE MANAGER USER AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT”.

       ·   --pid-file=file_name

	   The process ID file to use. On Windows, the default file is
	   mysqlmanager.pid in the directory where Instance Manager is
	   installed. On Unix, the default is mysqlmanager.pid in the data
	   directory.

       ·   --port=port_num

	   The port number to use when listening for TCP/IP connections from
	   clients. The default port number (assigned by IANA) is 2273.

       ·   --print-defaults

	   Print the current defaults and exit. This must be the first option
	   on the command line if it is used.

       ·   --print-password-line

	   Prepare an entry for the password file, print it to the standard
	   output, and exit. You can redirect the output from Instance Manager
	   to a file to save the entry in the file.

	   Prior to MySQL 5.1.12, this option was named --passwd.

       ·   --remove

	   On Windows, removes Instance Manager as a Windows service. This
	   assumes that Instance Manager has been run with --install
	   previously.

       ·   --run-as-service

	   On Unix, daemonize and start an angel process. The angel process
	   monitors Instance Manager and restarts it if it crashes. (The angel
	   process itself is simple and unlikely to crash.)

       ·   --socket=path

	   On Unix, the socket file to use for incoming connections. The
	   default file is named /tmp/mysqlmanager.sock. This option has no
	   meaning on Windows.

       ·   --standalone

	   This option is used on Windows to run Instance Manager in
	   standalone mode. You should specify it when you start Instance
	   Manager from the command line.

       ·   --user=user_name

	   On Unix, the user name of the system account to use for starting
	   and running mysqlmanager. This option generates a warning and has
	   no effect unless you start mysqlmanager as root (so that it can
	   change its effective user ID), or as the named user. It is
	   recommended that you configure mysqlmanager to run using the same
	   account used to run the mysqld server. (“User” in this context
	   refers to a system login account, not a MySQL user listed in the
	   grant tables.)

       ·   --username=user_name, -u user_name

	   Specify the user name for an entry to be added to or modified in
	   the password file. This option was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   --version, -V

	   Display version information and exit.

       ·   --wait-timeout=N

	   The number of seconds to wait for activity on an incoming
	   connection before closing it. The default is 28800 seconds (8
	   hours).

	   This option was added in MySQL 5.1.7. Before that, the timeout is
	   30 seconds and cannot be changed.

MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER CONFIGURATION FILES
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       Instance Manager uses its standard configuration file unless it is
       started with a --defaults-file option that specifies a different file.
       On Windows, the standard file is my.ini in the directory where Instance
       Manager is installed. On Unix, the standard file is /etc/my.cnf.

       Instance Manager reads options for itself from the [manager] section of
       the configuration file, and options for server instances from [mysqld]
       or [mysqldN] sections. The [manager] section contains any of the
       options listed in the section called “MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER COMMAND
       OPTIONS”, except for those specified as having to be given as the first
       option on the command line. Here is a sample [manager] section:

	   # MySQL Instance Manager options section
	   [manager]
	   default-mysqld-path = /usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld
	   socket=/tmp/manager.sock
	   pid-file=/tmp/manager.pid
	   password-file = /home/cps/.mysqlmanager.passwd
	   monitoring-interval = 2
	   port = 1999
	   bind-address = 192.168.1.5

       Each [mysqld] or [mysqldN] instance section specifies options given by
       Instance Manager to a server instance at startup. These are mainly
       common MySQL Server options (see Section 5.1.3, “Server Command
       Options”). In addition, a [mysqldN] section can contain the options in
       the following list, which are specific to Instance Manager. These
       options are interpreted by Instance Manager itself; it does not pass
       them to the server when it attempts to start that server.

	   Warning
	   The Instance Manager-specific options must not be used in a
	   [mysqld] section. If a server is started without using Instance
	   Manager, it will not recognize these options and will fail to start
	   properly.

       ·   mysqld-path = path

	   The path name of the mysqld server binary to use for the server
	   instance.

       ·   nonguarded

	   This option disables Instance Manager monitoring functionality for
	   the server instance. By default, an instance is guarded: At
	   Instance Manager start time, it starts the instance. It also
	   monitors the instance status and attempts to restart it if it
	   fails. At Instance Manager exit time, it stops the instance. None
	   of these things happen for nonguarded instances.

       ·   shutdown-delay = seconds

	   The number of seconds Instance Manager should wait for the server
	   instance to shut down. The default value is 35 seconds. After the
	   delay expires, Instance Manager assumes that the instance is
	   hanging and attempts to terminate it. If you use InnoDB with large
	   tables, you should increase this value.

       Here are some sample instance sections:

	   [mysqld1]
	   mysqld-path=/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld
	   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
	   port=3307
	   server_id=1
	   skip-stack-trace
	   core-file
	   log-bin
	   log-error
	   log=mylog
	   log-slow-queries
	   [mysqld2]
	   nonguarded
	   port=3308
	   server_id=2
	   mysqld-path= /home/cps/mysql/trees/mysql-5.1/sql/mysqld
	   socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock5
	   pid-file   = /tmp/hostname.pid5
	   datadir= /home/cps/mysql_data/data_dir1
	   language=/home/cps/mysql/trees/mysql-5.1/sql/share/english
	   log-bin
	   log=/tmp/fordel.log

STARTING THE MYSQL SERVER WITH MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       This section discusses how Instance Manager starts server instances
       when it starts. However, before you start Instance Manager, you should
       set up a password file for it. Otherwise, you will not be able to
       connect to Instance Manager to control it after it starts. For details
       about creating Instance Manager accounts, see the section called
       “INSTANCE MANAGER USER AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT”.

       On Unix, the mysqld MySQL database server normally is started with the
       mysql.server script, which usually resides in the /etc/init.d/ folder.
       That script invokes the mysqld_safe script by default. However, you can
       use Instance Manager instead if you modify the /etc/my.cnf
       configuration file by adding use-manager to the [mysql.server] section:

	   [mysql.server]
	   use-manager

       Before MySQL 5.1.12, Instance Manager always tries to start at least
       one server instance: When it starts, it reads its configuration file if
       it exists to find server instance sections and prepare a list of
       instances. Instance sections have names of the form [mysqld] or
       [mysqldN], where N is an unsigned integer (for example, [mysqld1],
       [mysqld2], and so forth).

       After preparing the list of instances, Instance Manager starts the
       guarded instances in the list. If there are no instances, Instance
       Manager creates an instance named mysqld and attempts to start it with
       default (compiled-in) configuration values. This means that the
       Instance Manager cannot find the mysqld program if it is not installed
       in the default location. (Section 2.1.5, “Installation Layouts”,
       describes default locations for components of MySQL distributions.) If
       you have installed the MySQL server in a nonstandard location, you
       should create the Instance Manager configuration file.

       The startup behavior just described is similar to that of mysqld_safe,
       which always attempts to start a server. However, it lacks the
       flexibility required for some operations because it is not possible to
       run Instance Manager in such a way that it refrains from starting any
       server instances. For example, you cannot invoke Instance Manager for
       the purpose of configuring an instance without also starting it (a task
       that a MySQL installer application might want to perform).
       Consequently, MySQL 5.1.12 introduces the following changes:

       ·   A new option, --mysqld-safe-compatible, may be used to cause
	   Instance Manager to run with startup behavior similar to that used
	   before MySQL 5.1.12: If Instance Manager finds a [mysqld] instance
	   section in the configuration file, it will start it. If Instance
	   Manager finds no [mysqld] section, it creates one using default
	   configuration values, writes a [mysqld] section to the
	   configuration file if it is accessible, and starts the mysqld
	   instance. Instance Manager also starts any other guarded instances
	   listed in the configuration file.

       ·   Without --mysqld-safe-compatible, Instance Manager reads its
	   configuration file if it exists and starts instances for any
	   guarded instance sections that it finds. If there are none, it
	   starts no instances.

       Instance Manager also stops all guarded server instances when it shuts
       down.

       The permissible options for [mysqldN] server instance sections are
       described in the section called “MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER CONFIGURATION
       FILES”. In these sections, you can use a special
       mysqld-path=path-to-mysqld-binary option that is recognized only by
       Instance Manager. Use this option to let Instance Manager know where
       the mysqld binary resides. If there are multiple instances, it may also
       be necessary to set other options such as datadir and port, to ensure
       that each instance has a different data directory and TCP/IP port
       number.	Section 5.3, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One
       Machine”, discusses the configuration values that must differ for each
       instance when you run multiple instance on the same machine.

	   Warning
	   The [mysqld] instance section, if it exists, must not contain any
	   Instance Manager-specific options.

       The typical Unix startup/shutdown cycle for a MySQL server with the
       MySQL Instance Manager enabled is as follows:

	1. The /etc/init.d/mysql script starts MySQL Instance Manager.

	2. Instance Manager starts the guarded server instances and monitors
	   them.

	3. If a server instance fails, Instance Manager restarts it.

	4. If Instance Manager is shut down (for example, with the
	   /etc/init.d/mysql stop command), it shuts down all server
	   instances.

INSTANCE MANAGER USER AND PASSWORD MANAGEMENT
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       The Instance Manager stores its user information in a password file. On
       Windows, the default is mysqlmanager.passwd in the directory where
       Instance Manager is installed. On Unix, the default file is
       /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd. To specify a different location for the
       password file, use the --password-file option.

       If the password file does not exist or contains no password entries,
       you cannot connect to the Instance Manager.

	   Note
	   Any Instance Manager process that is running to monitor server
	   instances does not notice changes to the password file. You must
	   stop it and restart it after making password entry changes.

       Entries in the password file have the following format, where the two
       fields are the account user name and encrypted password, separated by a
       colon:

	   petr:*35110DC9B4D8140F5DE667E28C72DD2597B5C848

       Instance Manager password encryption is the same as that used by MySQL
       Server. It is a one-way operation; no means are provided for decrypting
       encrypted passwords.

       Instance Manager accounts differ somewhat from MySQL Server accounts:

       ·   MySQL Server accounts are associated with a host name, user name,
	   and password (see Section 6.3.1, “User Names and Passwords”).

       ·   Instance Manager accounts are associated with a user name and
	   password only.

       This means that a client can connect to Instance Manager with a given
       user name from any host. To limit connections so that clients can
       connect only from the local host, start Instance Manager with the
       --bind-address=127.0.0.1 option so that it listens only to the local
       network interface. Remote clients will not be able to connect. Local
       clients can connect like this:

	   shell> mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 2273

       Before MySQL 5.1.12, the only option for creating password file entries
       is --passwd, which causes Instance Manager to prompt for user name and
       password values and display the resulting entry. You can save the
       output in the /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd password file to store it. Here
       is an example:

	   shell> mysqlmanager --passwd >> /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd
	   Creating record for new user.
	   Enter user name: mike
	   Enter password: mikepass
	   Re-type password: mikepass

       At the prompts, enter the user name and password for the new Instance
       Manager user. You must enter the password twice. It does not echo to
       the screen, so double entry guards against entering a different
       password than you intend (if the two passwords do not match, no entry
       is generated).

       The preceding command causes the following line to be added to
       /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd:

	   mike:*BBF1F551DD9DD96A01E66EC7DDC073911BAD17BA

       Use of the --password option fails if mysqlmanager is invoked directly
       from an IBM 5250 terminal. To work around this, use a command like the
       following from the command line to generate the password entry:

	   shell> mysql -B --skip-column-name \
		    -e 'SELECT CONCAT("user_name",":",PASSWORD("pass_val"));'

       The output from the command can be used an entry in the
       /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd file.

       Beginning with MySQL 5.1.12, the --passwd option is renamed to
       --print-password-line and there are several other options for managing
       user accounts from the command line. For example, the --username and
       --password options are available on the command line for specifying the
       user name and password for an account entry. You can use them to
       generate an entry with no prompting like this (type the command on a
       single line):

	   shell> mysqlmanager --print-password-line
		    --username=mike --password=mikepass >> /etc/mysqlmanager.passwd

       If you omit the --username or --password option, Instance Manager
       prompts for the required value.

       --print-password-line causes Instance Manager to send the resulting
       account entry to its output, which you can append to the password file.
       The following list describes other account-management options that
       cause Instance Manager to operate directly on the password file. (These
       options make Instance Manager scriptable for account-management
       purposes.) For operations on the password file to succeed, the file
       must exist and it must be accessible by Instance Manager. (The
       exception is --clean-password-file, which creates the file if it does
       not exist. Alternatively, if there is no password file, manually create
       it as an empty file and ensure that its ownership and access modes
       permit it to be read and written by Instance Manager.) The default
       password file is used unless you specify a --password-file option.

       To ensure consistent treatment of the password file, it should be owned
       by the system account that you use for running Instance Manager to
       manage server instances, and you should invoke it from that account
       when you use it to manage accounts in the password file.

       ·   Create a new user:

	       mysqlmanager --add-user --username=user_name [--password=password]

	   This command adds a new entry with the given user name and password
	   to the password file. The --username (or -u) option is required.
	   mysqlmanager prompts for the password if it is not given on the
	   command line with the --password (or -p) option. The command fails
	   if the user already exists.

       ·   Drop an existing user:

	       mysqlmanager --drop-user --username=user_name

	   This command removes the entry with the given user name from the
	   password file. The user name is required. The command fails if the
	   user does not exist.

       ·   Change the password for an existing user:

	       mysqlmanager --edit-user --username=user_name [--password=password]

	   This command changes the given user's password in the password
	   file. The user name is required.  mysqlmanager prompts for the
	   password it is not given on the command line. The command fails if
	   the user does not exist.

       ·   List existing users:

	       mysqlmanager --list-users

	   This command lists the user names of the accounts in the password
	   file.

       ·   Check the password file:

	       mysqlmanager --check-password-file

	   This command performs a consistency and validity check of the
	   password file. The command fails if there is something wrong with
	   the file.

       ·   Empty the password file:

	       mysqlmanager --clean-password-file

	   This command empties the password file, which has the effect of
	   dropping all users listed in it. The option creates the password
	   file if it does not exist, so it can be used to initialize a new
	   password file to be used for other account-management operations.
	   Take care not to use this option to reinitialize a file containing
	   accounts that you do not want to drop.

MYSQL SERVER INSTANCE STATUS MONITORING
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       To monitor the status of each guarded server instance, the MySQL
       Instance Manager attempts to connect to the instance at regular
       intervals using the MySQL_Instance_Manager@localhost user account with
       a password of check_connection.

       You are not required to create this account for MySQL Server; in fact,
       it is expected that it will not exist. Instance Manager can tell that a
       server is operational if the server accepts the connection attempt but
       refuses access for the account by returning a login error. However,
       these failed connection attempts are logged by the server to its
       general query log (see Section 5.2.3, “The General Query Log”).

       Instance Manager also attempts a connection to nonguarded server
       instances when you use the SHOW INSTANCES or SHOW INSTANCE STATUS
       command. This is the only status monitoring done for nonguarded
       instances.

       Instance Manager knows if a server instance fails at startup because it
       receives a status from the attempt. For an instance that starts but
       later crashes, Instance Manager receives a signal because it is the
       parent process of the instance.

       Beginning with MySQL 5.1.12, Instance Manager tracks instance states so
       that it can determine which commands are permitted for each instance.
       For example, commands that modify an instance's configuration are
       permitted only while the instance is offline.

       Each instance is in one of the states described in the following table.
       Guarded instances can be in any of the states. Nonguarded instances can
       only be offline or online. Instance state information is displayed in
       the status column of the SHOW INSTANCES and SHOW INSTANCE STATUS
       commands.

       ┌──────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
       │State	  │ Meaning			│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │offline	  │ The instance has not been	│
       │	  │ started and is not		│
       │	  │ running.			│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │starting  │ The instance is starting	│
       │	  │ (initializing). Nonguarded	│
       │	  │ instances cannot be		│
       │	  │		    in this	│
       │	  │ state. A nonguarded		│
       │	  │ instance goes directly	│
       │	  │ from			│
       │	  │		    offline to	│
       │	  │ online.			│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │stopping  │ The instance is stopping.	│
       │	  │ Nonguarded instances	│
       │	  │ cannot be in this state.	│
       │	  │		    A		│
       │	  │ nonguarded instance goes	│
       │	  │ directly from online to	│
       │	  │		    offline,	│
       │	  │ or stays offline if		│
       │	  │ startup fails.		│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │online	  │ The instance has started	│
       │	  │ and is running.		│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │failed	  │ The instance was online	│
       │	  │ but it crashed and is	│
       │	  │ being restarted by		│
       │	  │		    Instance	│
       │	  │ Manager, or else the	│
       │	  │ instance failed to start	│
       │	  │		    at all and	│
       │	  │ Instance Manager is again	│
       │	  │ attempting to start		│
       │	  │		    it.		│
       │	  │ Nonguarded instances	│
       │	  │ cannot be in this state.	│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │crashed	  │ Instance Manager failed to	│
       │	  │ start the instance after	│
       │	  │ several attempts.		│
       │	  │		    (Instance	│
       │	  │ Manager will try again	│
       │	  │ later.) Nonguarded		│
       │	  │		    instances	│
       │	  │ cannot be in this state.	│
       ├──────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │abandoned │ Instance Manager was not	│
       │	  │ able to start the		│
       │	  │ instance, has given up,	│
       │	  │ and				│
       │	  │		    will make	│
       │	  │ no further attempts until	│
       │	  │ instructed			│
       │	  │		    otherwise.	│
       │	  │ To tell Instance Manager	│
       │	  │ to try again, you		│
       │	  │		    must first	│
       │	  │ use STOP INSTANCE to put	│
       │	  │		    the		│
       │	  │ instance in offline state,	│
       │	  │ and then use		│
       │	  │		    START	│
       │	  │ INSTANCE to start the	│
       │	  │ instance.			│
       │	  │		    If it is	│
       │	  │ necessary to make		│
       │	  │ configuration changes for	│
       │	  │ the				│
       │	  │		    instance,	│
       │	  │ you must do so after	│
       │	  │ putting the instance	│
       │	  │		    offline	│
       │	  │ and before starting it.	│
       │	  │ (Instance Manager		│
       │	  │		    accepts	│
       │	  │ configuration-changing	│
       │	  │ commands only for offline	│
       │	  │		    instances.) │
       │	  │ Nonguarded instances	│
       │	  │ cannot be in this		│
       │	  │		    state.	│
       └──────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

CONNECTING TO MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       After you set up a password file for the MySQL Instance Manager and
       Instance Manager is running, you can connect to it. The MySQL
       client/server protocol is used to communicate with the Instance
       Manager. For example, you can connect to it using the standard mysql
       client program:

	   shell> mysql --port=2273 --host=im.example.org --user=mysql --password

       Instance Manager supports the version of the MySQL client/server
       protocol used by the client tools and libraries distributed with MySQL
       4.1 or later, so other programs that use the MySQL C API also can
       connect to it.

MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER COMMANDS
	   Important
	   MySQL Instance Manager has been deprecated and is removed in MySQL
	   5.5.

       After you connect to MySQL Instance Manager, you can issue commands.
       The following general principles apply to Instance Manager command
       execution:

       ·   Commands that take an instance name fail if the name is not a valid
	   instance name.

       ·   Commands that take an instance name (other than CREATE INSTANCE)
	   fail if the instance does not exist.

       ·   As of MySQL 5.1.12, commands for an instance require that the
	   instance be in an appropriate state. You cannot configure or start
	   an instance that is not offline. You cannot start an instance that
	   is online.

       ·   Instance Manager maintains information about instance configuration
	   in an internal (in-memory) cache. Initially, this information comes
	   from the configuration file if it exists, but some commands change
	   the configuration of an instance. Commands that modify the
	   configuration file fail if the file does not exist or is not
	   accessible to Instance Manager.

	   As of MySQL 5.1.12, configuration-changing commands modify both the
	   in-memory cache and the server instance section recorded in the
	   configuration file to maintain consistency between them. For this
	   to occur, the instance must be offline and the configuration file
	   must be accessible and not malformed. If the configuration file
	   cannot be updated, the command fails and the cache remains
	   unchanged.

       ·   On Windows, the standard file is my.ini in the directory where
	   Instance Manager is installed. On Unix, the standard configuration
	   file is /etc/my.cnf. To specify a different configuration file,
	   start Instance Manager with the --defaults-file option.

       ·   If a [mysqld] instance section exists in the configuration file, it
	   must not contain any Instance Manager-specific options (see the
	   section called “MYSQL INSTANCE MANAGER CONFIGURATION FILES”).
	   Therefore, you must not add any of these options if you change the
	   configuration for an instance named mysqld.

       The following list describes the commands that Instance Manager
       accepts, with examples.

       ·   CREATE INSTANCE instance_name [option_name[=option_value], ...]

	   This command configures a new instance by creating an
	   [instance_name] section in the configuration file. The command
	   fails if instance_name is not a valid instance name or the instance
	   already exists.

	   The created section instance is empty if no options are given.
	   Otherwise, the options are added to the section. Options should be
	   given in the same format used when you write options in option
	   files. (See Section 4.2.3.3, “Using Option Files” for a description
	   of the permissible syntax.) If you specify multiple options,
	   separate them by commas.

	   For example, to create an instance section named [mysqld98], you
	   might write something like this were you to modify the
	   configuration file directly:

	       [mysqld98]
	       basedir=/var/mysql98

	   To achieve the same effect using CREATE INSTANCE, issue this
	   command to Instance Manager:

	       mysql> CREATE INSTANCE mysqld98 basedir="/var/mysql98";
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

	   CREATE INSTANCE creates the instance but does not start it.

	   If the instance name is the (deprecated) name mysqld, the option
	   list cannot include any options that are specific to Instance
	   Manager, such as nonguarded (see the section called “MYSQL INSTANCE
	   MANAGER CONFIGURATION FILES”).

	   This command was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   DROP INSTANCE instance_name

	   This command removes the configuration for instance_name from the
	   configuration file.

	       mysql> DROP INSTANCE mysqld98;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

	   The command fails if instance_name is not a valid instance name,
	   the instance does not exist, or is not offline.

	   This command was added in MySQL 5.1.12.

       ·   START INSTANCE instance_name

	   This command attempts to start an offline instance. The command is
	   asynchronous; it does not wait for the instance to start.

	       mysql> START INSTANCE mysqld4;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

       ·   STOP INSTANCE instance_name

	   This command attempts to stop an instance. The command is
	   synchronous; it waits for the instance to stop.

	       mysql> STOP INSTANCE mysqld4;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0,00 sec)

       ·   SHOW INSTANCES

	   Shows the names and status of all loaded instances.

	       mysql> SHOW INSTANCES;
	       +---------------+---------+
	       | instance_name | status	 |
	       +---------------+---------+
	       | mysqld3       | offline |
	       | mysqld4       | online	 |
	       | mysqld2       | offline |
	       +---------------+---------+

       ·   SHOW INSTANCE STATUS instance_name

	   Shows status and version information for an instance.

	       mysql> SHOW INSTANCE STATUS mysqld3;
	       +---------------+--------+---------+
	       | instance_name | status | version |
	       +---------------+--------+---------+
	       | mysqld3       | online | unknown |
	       +---------------+--------+---------+

       ·   SHOW INSTANCE OPTIONS instance_name

	   Shows the options used by an instance.

	       mysql> SHOW INSTANCE OPTIONS mysqld3;
	       +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
	       | option_name   | value						   |
	       +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+
	       | instance_name | mysqld3					   |
	       | mysqld-path   | /home/cps/mysql/trees/mysql-4.1/sql/mysqld	   |
	       | port	       | 3309						   |
	       | socket	       | /tmp/mysql.sock3				   |
	       | pid-file      | hostname.pid3					   |
	       | datadir       | /home/cps/mysql_data/data_dir1/		   |
	       | language      | /home/cps/mysql/trees/mysql-4.1/sql/share/english |
	       +---------------+---------------------------------------------------+

       ·   SHOW instance_name LOG FILES

	   The command lists all log files used by the instance. The result
	   set contains the path to the log file and the log file size. If no
	   log file path is specified in the instance section of the
	   configuration file (for example, log=/var/mysql.log), the Instance
	   Manager tries to guess its placement. If Instance Manager is unable
	   to guess the log file placement you should specify the log file
	   location explicitly by using a log option in the appropriate
	   instance section of the configuration file.

	       mysql> SHOW mysqld LOG FILES;
	       +-------------+------------------------------------+----------+
	       | Logfile     | Path				  | Filesize |
	       +-------------+------------------------------------+----------+
	       | ERROR LOG   | /home/cps/var/mysql/owlet.err	  | 9186     |
	       | GENERAL LOG | /home/cps/var/mysql/owlet.log	  | 471503   |
	       | SLOW LOG    | /home/cps/var/mysql/owlet-slow.log | 4463     |
	       +-------------+------------------------------------+----------+

	   SHOW ... LOG FILES displays information only about log files. If a
	   server instance uses log tables (see Section 5.2.1, “Selecting
	   General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”), no
	   information about those tables is shown.

	   Log options are described in Section 5.1.3, “Server Command
	   Options”.

       ·   SHOW instance_name LOG {ERROR | SLOW | GENERAL}
	   size[,offset_from_end]

	   This command retrieves a portion of the specified log file. Because
	   most users are interested in the latest log messages, the size
	   parameter defines the number of bytes to retrieve from the end of
	   the log. To retrieve data from the middle of the log file, specify
	   the optional offset_from_end parameter. The following example
	   retrieves 21 bytes of data, starting 23 bytes before the end of the
	   log file and ending 2 bytes before the end:

	       mysql> SHOW mysqld LOG GENERAL 21, 2;
	       +---------------------+
	       | Log		     |
	       +---------------------+
	       | using password: YES |
	       +---------------------+

       ·   SET instance_name.option_name[=option_value]

	   This command edits the specified instance's configuration section
	   to change or add instance options. The option is added to the
	   section is it is not already present. Otherwise, the new setting
	   replaces the existing one.

	       mysql> SET mysqld2.port=3322;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

	   As of MySQL 5.1.12, you can specify multiple options (separated by
	   commas), and SET can be used only for offline instances. Each
	   option must indicate the instance name:

	       mysql> SET mysqld2.port=3322, mysqld3.nonguarded;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

	   Before MySQL 5.1.12, only a single option can be specified. Also,
	   changes made to the configuration file do not take effect until the
	   MySQL server is restarted. In addition, these changes are not
	   stored in the instance manager's local cache of instance settings
	   until a FLUSH INSTANCES command is executed.

       ·   UNSET instance_name.option_name

	   This command removes an option from an instance's configuration
	   section.

	       mysql> UNSET mysqld2.port;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

	   As of MySQL 5.1.12, you can specify multiple options (separated by
	   commas), and UNSET can be used only for offline instances. Each
	   option must indicate the instance name:

	       mysql> UNSET mysqld2.port, mysqld4.nonguarded;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

	   Before MySQL 5.1.12, only a single option can be specified. Also,
	   changes made to the configuration file do not take effect until the
	   MySQL server is restarted. In addition, these changes are not
	   stored in the instance manager's local cache of instance settings
	   until a FLUSH INSTANCES command is executed.

       ·   FLUSH INSTANCES

	   As of MySQL 5.1.12, FLUSH INSTANCES cannot be used unless all
	   instances are offline. The command causes Instance Manager to
	   reread the configuration file, update its in-memory configuration
	   cache, and start any guarded instances.

	   Before MySQL 5.1.12, this command forces Instance Manager reread
	   the configuration file and to refresh internal structures. This
	   command should be performed after editing the configuration file.
	   The command does not restart instances.

	       mysql> FLUSH INSTANCES;
	       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights
       reserved.

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
       modify it only under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
       published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
       but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
       MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
       General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
       with the program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
       51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see
       http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.

SEE ALSO
       For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which
       may already be installed locally and which is also available online at
       http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

AUTHOR
       Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).

MySQL 5.1			  11/04/2013		       MYSQLMANAGER(8)
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