MOUNT(8) BSD System Manager's Manual MOUNT(8)NAMEmount - mount file systems
SYNOPSISmount [-adfruvw] [-t ufs | lfs | external_type]
mount [-dfruvw] special | node
mount [-dfruvw] [-o options] [-t ufs | lfs | external_type] special node
DESCRIPTION
The mount command calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a
special device or the remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system tree
at the point node. If node contains a symbolic link, the real pathname of
the node is used as the mount point. If either special or node are not
provided, the appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.
The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems. If no ar-
guments are given to mount, this list is printed, one line per mounted
filesystem. The output includes any flags that are currently in effect
for the filesystem. See the description of the -o flag below for the set
of possible flags. If the filesystem was mounted by a user other than
root, the user identifier of the process that did the mount is listed.
Finally, the command lists the number of synchronous and asynchronous
write operations that have been done by the filesystem since the time it
was mounted. If a filesystem is mounted read-write and later read-only,
then the command lists the writes done while the filesystem was mounted
read-write.
The options are as follows:
-a All the filesystems described in the fstab file (see fstab(5))
are mounted, except those marked as ``noauto'', or those excluded
using the -t option to indicate that only filesystems of the
specified type should be mounted.
-d Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call.
This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to deter-
mine what the mount command is trying to do.
-f Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a
filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only.
-o Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma separat-
ed string of options. The following options are available:
async All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.
Note: this is a dangerous flag to set, and should not be
used unless you are prepared to recreate the file system
from scratch if your system crashes.
force The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access
when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from
read-write to read-only.
noaccesstime
File access times are not updated.
This is a performance optimization for filesystems used
for largely read-only, short-lived data, e.g., news.
noauto This filesystem should be skipped when mount is run with
the -a flag.
nodev Do not interpret character or block special devices on
the file system. This option is useful for a server that
has file systems containing special devices for architec-
tures other than its own.
noexec Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted
file system. This option is useful for a server that has
file systems containing binaries for architectures other
than its own.
nosuid Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier
bits to take effect.
rdonly The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the
super-user may not write it).
softrdonly
Periodically check to see if any files are open for writ-
ing on the filesystem. If none exist, downgrade the
filesystem to read-only. When an open for writing is
made, upgrade the filesystem back to read-write. The
benefit of this option is that quiescent filesystems will
be marked clean and consequently will not need to have
fsck(8) run on them after a crash.
sync All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.
update The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already
mounted file system should be changed.
union Causes the namespace at the mount point to appear as the
union of the mounted filesystem root and the existing di-
rectory. Lookups will be done in the mounted filesystem
first. If those operations fail due to a non-existent
file the underlying directory is then accessed. All cre-
ates are done in the mounted filesystem.
Any additional options specific to a filesystem type that is not
one of the internally known types (see the -t option) may be
passed as a comma separated list; these options are distinguished
by a leading ``-'' (dash). Options that take a value are speci-
fied using the syntax -option=value. For example, the mount com-
mand:
mount-t mfs -o nosuid,-N,-s=4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
causes mount to execute the equivalent of:
/sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -N -s 4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
-r The file system is to be mounted read-only. Mount the file sys-
tem read-only (even the super-user may not write it). The same
as the ``rdonly'' argument to the -o option.
-t ufs | lfs | external type
The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system
type. When -a is not used, ufs is the default. With -a, the de-
fault is to include all file system types. The -t option can be
used to indicate that the actions should only be taken on
filesystems of the specified type. More than one type may be
specified in a comma separated list. The list of filesystem
types can be prefixed with ``no'' to specify the filesystem types
for which action should not be taken. For example, the mount
command:
mount-a -t nonfs,nomfs
mounts all filesystems except those of type NFS and MFS.
If the type is not one of the internally known types, mount will
attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where XXX is re-
placed by the type name. For example, nfs filesystems are mount-
ed by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.
-u The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file
system should be changed. Any of the options discussed above
(the -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed
from read-only to read-write or vice versa. An attempt to change
from read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the
filesystem are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is
also specified. The set of options is determined by first ex-
tracting the options for the file system from the fstab table,
then applying any options specified by the -o argument, and fi-
nally applying the -r or -w option.
-v Verbose mode.
-w The file system object is to be read and write.
The options specific to NFS filesystems are described in the mount_nfs(8)
manual page. Similarly, options specific to other file systems can be
found in their respective manual pages.
FILES
/etc/fstab file system table
SEE ALSOmount(2), realpath(3), fstab(5), mount_cd9660(8), mount_fdesc(8),
mount_kernfs(8), mount_lfs(8), mount_msdos(8), mount_mfs(8),
mount_nfs(8), mount_null(8), mount_portal(8), mount_procfs(8),
mount_umap(8), mount_union(8), umount(8)HISTORY
A mount command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
4th Berkeley Distribution May 24, 1996 3
