montage(1)montage(1)NAMEmontage - creates a composite image by combining several separate
images
SYNOPSISmontage [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...] output_file
DESCRIPTIONmontage creates a composite image by combining several separate images.
The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image
optionally appearing just below the individual tile.
The composite image is constructed in the following manner. First,
each image specified on the command line, except for the last, is
scaled to fit the maximum tile size. The maximum tile size by default
is 120x120. It can be modified with the -geometry command line argu‐
ment or X resource. See OPTIONS for more information on command line
arguments. See X(1) for more information on X resources. Note that the
maximum tile size need not be a square. To respect the aspect ratio of
each image append ~ to the geometry specification.
Next the composite image is initialized with the color specified by the
-background command line argument or X resource. The width and height
of the composite image is determined by the title specified, the maxi‐
mum tile size, the number of tiles per row, the tile border width and
height, the image border width, and the label height. The number of
tiles per row specifies how many images are to appear in each row of
the composite image. The default is to have 5 tiles in each row and 4
tiles in each column of the composite. A specific value is specified
with -tile. The tile border width and height, and the image border
width defaults to the value of the X resource -borderwidth. It can be
changed with the -borderwidth or -geometry command line argument or X
resource. The label height is determined by the font you specify with
the -font command line argument or X resource. If you do not specify a
font, a font is chosen that allows the name of the image to fit the
maximum width of a tiled area. The label colors is determined by the
-background and -foreground command line argument or X resource. Note,
that if the background and foreground colors are the same, labels will
not appear.
Initially, the composite image title is placed at the top if one is
specified (refer to -foreground X resource). Next, each image is set
onto the composite image, surrounded by its border color, with its name
centered just below it. The individual images are left-justified
within the width of the tiled area. The order of the images is the
same as they appear on the command line unless the images have a scene
keyword. If a scene number is specified in each image, then the images
are tiled onto the composite in the order of their scene number.
Finally, the last argument on the command line is the name assigned to
the composite image. By default, the image is written in the MIFF for‐
mat and can be viewed or printed with display(1).
Note, that if the number of tiles exceeds the default number of 20 (5
per row, 4 per column), more than one composite image is created. To
ensure a single image is produced, use -tile to increase the number of
tiles to meet or exceed the number of input images.
Finally, Finally, to create one or more empty spaces in the sequence of
tiles, use the NULL image format.
EXAMPLES
To create a montage of a cockatoo, a parrot, and a hummingbird and
write it to a file called birds, use:
montage cockatoo.miff parrot.miff hummingbird.miff birds.miff
To tile several bird images so that they are at most 256 pixels in
width and 192 pixels in height, surrounded by a red border, and sepa‐
rated by 10 pixels of background color, use:
montage-geometry 256x192+10+10 -bordercolor red birds.* montage.miff
To create an unlabeled parrot image, 640 by 480 pixels, and surrounded
by a border of black, use:
montage-geometry 640x480 -bordercolor black -label "" parrot.miff bird.miff
To create an image of an eagle with a textured background, use:
montage-texture bumps.jpg eagle.jpg eagle.png
To join several GIF images together without any extraneous graphics
(e.g. no label, no shadowing, no surrounding tile frame), use:
montage +frame +shadow +label -geometry 50x50+0+0 -tile 5x1 *.gif joined.gif
OPTIONS-adjoin
join images into a single multi-image file.
-blur <radius>x<sigma>
blue the image with a gaussian operator of the given radius and
standard deviation (sigma).
-cache threshold
megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache.
Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of memory
have been consumed. Subsequent pixel operations are cached on
disk. Operations to memory are significantly faster but if your
computer does not have a sufficient amount of free memory you
may want to adjust this threshold value.
-colors value
preferred number of colors in the image
The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your
request, but never more. Note, this is a color reduction
option. Images with less unique colors than specified with this
option will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. Refer
to quantize(9) for more details.
Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth affect the
color reduction algorithm.
-colorspace value
the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent, XYZ,
YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, or CMYK.
Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB color space.
Empirical evidence suggests that distances in color spaces such
as YUV or YIQ correspond to perceptual color differences more
closely than do distances in RGB space. These color spaces may
give better results when color reducing an image. Refer to
quantize(9) for more details.
The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it pre‐
serves the matte channel of the image if it exists.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to
take effect.
-comment string
annotate an image with a comment.
By default, each image is commented with its file name. Use
this option to assign a specific comment to the image. Option‐
ally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, or
other image attributes by embedding special format characters:
%b file size
%c comment
%d directory
%e filename extention
%f filename
%h height
%i input filename
%l label
%m magick
%n number of scenes
%o output filename
%p page number
%q quantum depth
%s scene number
%t top of filename
%u unique temporary filename
%w width
%x x resolution
%y y resolution
\n newline
\r carriage return
For example,
-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image comment is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
-compose operator
the type of image composition.
By default, each of the composite image pixels are replaced by
the corresponding image tile pixel. You can choose an alternate
composite operation:
Over
In
Out
Atop
Xor
Plus
Minus
Add
Subtract
Difference
Multiply
Bumpmap
Copy
CopyRed
CopyGreen
CopyBlue
CopyOpacity
The operations behaves as follows:
Over The result will be the union of the two image shapes, with com‐
posite image obscuring image in the region of overlap.
In The result is simply composite image cut by the shape of compos‐
ite image window. None of the image data of image will be in
the result.
Out The resulting image is composite image with the shape of image
cut out.
Atop The result is the same shape as image image, with composite
image obscuring image where the image shapes overlap. Note this
differs from over because the portion of composite image outside
image's shape does not appear in the result.
Xor The result is the image data from both composite image and image
that is outside the overlap region. The overlap region will be
blank.
Plus The result is just the sum of the image data. Output values are
cropped to 255 (no overflow). This operation is independent of
the matte channels.
Minus The result of composite image - image, with underflow cropped to
zero. The matte channel is ignored (set to 255, full coverage).
Add The result of composite image + image, with overflow wrapping
around (mod 256).
Subtract
The result of composite image - image, with underflow wrapping
around (mod 256). The add and subtract operators can be used to
perform reversible transformations.
Difference
The result of abs(composite image - image). This is useful for
comparing two very similar images.
Multipy
The result of composite image image. This is useful for the
creation of drop-shadows.
Bumpmap
The result of image shaded by composite image.
Copy The resulting image is image replaced with composite image.
Here the matte information is ignored.
CopyRed
The resulting image is the red layer in image replaced with the
red layer in composite image. The other layers are copied
untouched.
CopyGreen
The resulting image is the green layer in image replaced with
the green layer in composite image. The other layers are copied
untouched.
CopyBlue
The resulting image is the blue layer in image replaced with the
blue layer in composite image. The other layers are copied
untouched.
CopyOpacity
The resulting image is the matte layer in image replaced with
the matte layer in composite image. The other layers are copied
untouched.
The image compositor requires a matte, or alpha channel in the
image for some operations. This extra channel usually defines a
mask which represents a sort of a cookie-cutter for the image.
This is the case when matte is 255 (full coverage) for pixels
inside the shape, zero outside, and between zero and 255 on the
boundary. If image does not have a matte channel, it is ini‐
tialized with 0 for any pixel matching in color to pixel loca‐
tion (0,0), otherwise 255 (to work properly borderwidth must be
0).
-compress type
the type of image compression: None, BZip, Fax, Group4, JPEG,
LZW, RunlengthEncoded, or Zip.
Specify +compress to store the binary image in an uncompressed
format. The default is the compression type of the specified
image file.
-crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}
preferred size and location of the cropped image. See X(1) for
details about the geometry specification.
To specify a percentage width or height instead, append %. For
example to crop the image by ten percent on all sides of the
image, use -crop 10%.
Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more subimages of a
uniform size.
Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image. Use -crop
0x0 to trim edges that are the background color. Add an x and y
offset to leave a portion of the trimmed edges with the image.
The equivalent X resource for this option is cropGeometry (class
CropGeometry). See X RESOURCES for details.
-density <width>x<height>
vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image.
This option specifies an image density when decoding a Post‐
script or Portable Document page. The default is 72 pixels per
inch in the horizontal and vertical direction. This option is
used in concert with -page.
-display host:display[.screen]
specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
Specify +display if an X server is not available. The label
font is obtained from the X server. If none is available, the
composite image will not have labels. Since the X server is nec‐
essary to read X resources, all options must be set via the com‐
mand line when +display is specified.
-dispose method
GIF disposal method.
Here are the valid methods:
0 No disposal specified.
1 Do not dispose between frames.
2 Overwrite frame with background color from header.
3 Overwrite with previous frame.
-dither
apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity resolution
for spatial resolution by averaging the intensities of several
neighboring pixels. Images which suffer from severe contouring
when reducing colors can be improved with this option.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to
take effect.
Use +dither to render Postscript without text or graphic alias‐
ing.
-draw string
annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.
Use this option to annotate an image with one or more graphic
primitives. The primitives include
rectangle
circle
ellipse
polygon
color
matte
text
image
Rectangle, color, matte, text, and image require an upper left
and lower right coordinate. Circle requires the center coordi‐
nate and a coordinate on the outer edge. Use Ellipse to draw a
partial ellipse centered at the given point with the x-axis and
y-axis radius and start and end of arc in degrees (e.g. 100,100
100,150 0,360). Finally, polygon requires three or more coordi‐
nates defining its boundaries. Coordinates are integers sepa‐
rated by an optional comma. For example, to define a circle
centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
Use color to change the color of a pixel. Follow the pixel
coordinate with a method:
point
replace
floodfill
filltoborder
reset
Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate.
The point method recolors the target pixel. The replace method
recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
Floodfill recolors any pixel that matches the color of the tar‐
get pixel and is a neighbor. Whereas filltoborder recolors any
neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, reset
recolors all pixels.
Use matte to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the color primi‐
tive for a description of methods). The point method changes
the matte value of the target pixel. The replace method changes
the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the tar‐
get pixel. Floodfill changes the matte value of any pixel that
matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. Whereas
filltoborder changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that
is not the border color. Finally reset changes the matte value
of all pixels.
Use text to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coor‐
dinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces,
enclose it in double quotes. Optionally you can include the
image filename, type, width, height, or other image attributes
by embedding special format characters. See -comment for
details.
For example,
-draw 'text 100,100 "%m:%f %wx%h"'
annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480. To
generate a Unicode character (TrueType fonts only), embed the
code as an escaped hex string (e.g. \0x30a3).
If the first character of the string is @, the text is read from
a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
Use image to composite an image with another image. Follow the
image primitive with a composite operator, image position, image
size, and filename:
-draw 'image Over 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
If the first character of string is @, the text is read from a
file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
You can set the primitive color, font color, and font bounding
box color with -pen, -font, and -box respectively. Options are
processed in command line order so be sure to use -pen before
the -draw option.
-filter type
use this type of filter when resizing an image.
Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image
(see -geometry). Choose from these filters:
Point
Box
Triangle
Hermite
Hanning
Hamming
Blackman
Gaussian
Quadratic
Cubic
Catrom
Mitchell
Lanczos
Bessel
Sinc
The default filter is Lanczos.
-frame surround the image with an ornamental border.
The color of the border is specified with the -mattecolor com‐
mand line option. If no frame is desired, use +frame.
-font name
use this font when annotating the image with text.
If the font is a fully qualified X server font name, the font is
obtained from an X server (e.g. -*-helvetica-medium-
r-*-*-12-*-*-*-*-*-iso8859-*). To use a TrueType font, precede
the TrueType filename with a @ (e.g. @times.ttf). Otherwise,
specify a Postscript, X11, or TrueType font (e.g. helvetica).
-gamma value
level of gamma correction.
The same color image displayed on two different workstations may
look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use
gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reason‐
able values extend from 0.8 to 2.3.
You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue
channels of the image with a gamma value list delineated with
slashes (i.e. 1.7/2.3/1.2).
Use +gamma to set the image gamma level without actually adjust‐
ing the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of
a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG
images).
-geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
preferred tile and border size of each tile of the composite
image.
By default, the width and height are maximum values. That is,
the image is expanded or contracted to fit the width and height
value while maintaining the aspect ratio of the image. Append
an exclamation point to the geometry to force the image size to
exactly the size you specify. For example, if you specify
640x480! the image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.
If only one factor is specified, both the width and height
assume the value.
Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if its size
exceeds the geometry specification. < resizes the image only if
its dimensions is less than the geometry specification. For
example, if you specify 640x480> and the image size is 512x512,
the image size does not change. However, if the image is
1024x1024, it is resized to 640x480.
Each image is surrounded by a border whose size in pixels is
specified as <border width> and <border height> and whose color
is the background color. By default, the tile size is 256x256
and there is no border.
The equivalent X resource for this option is imageGeometry
(class ImageGeometry). See X RESOURCES for details.
-gravity direction
direction image gravitates to within a tile. See X(1) for
details about the gravity specification.
A tile of the composite image is a fixed width and height. How‐
ever, the image within the tile may not fill it completely (see
-geometry). The direction you choose specifies where to posi‐
tion the image within the tile. For example Center gravity
forces the image to be centered within the tile. By default,
the image gravity is Center.
-interlace type
the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane, or Partition.
The default is None.
This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme
for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV. No means do not
interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line uses scanline interlac‐
ing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses plane
interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...). Partition is like
plane except the different planes are saved to individual files
(e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).
Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or progressive
JPEG image.
-label name
assign a label to an image.
By default, each image is labeled with its file name. Use this
option to assign a specific label to the image. Optionally you
can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other
image attributes by embedding special format characters. See
-comment for details.
For example,
-label "%m:%f %wx%h"
produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an image
titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and height is 480.
If the first character of string is @, the image label is read
from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.
-matte store matte channel if the image has one otherwise create an
opaque one.
-mode type
the type of montage: Frame, Unframe, Concatentate. The default
is Unframe.
This option is for convenience. You can obtain the desired
result by setting individual options (e.g. Unframe is equivalent
to +frame +shadow +borderwidth).
-monochrome
transform the image to black and white.
-page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
preferred size and location of an image canvas.
Use this option to specify the dimensions of the Postscript page
in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a
Postscript page are:
11x17 792 1224
Ledger 1224 792
Legal 612 1008
Letter 612 792
LetterSmall 612 792
ArchE 2592 3456
ArchD 1728 2592
ArchC 1296 1728
ArchB 864 1296
ArchA 648 864
A0 2380 3368
A1 1684 2380
A2 1190 1684
A3 842 1190
A4 595 842
A4Small 595 842
A5 421 595
A6 297 421
A7 210 297
A8 148 210
A9 105 148
A10 74 105
B0 2836 4008
B1 2004 2836
B2 1418 2004
B3 1002 1418
B4 709 1002
B5 501 709
C0 2600 3677
C1 1837 2600
C2 1298 1837
C3 918 1298
C4 649 918
C5 459 649
C6 323 459
Flsa 612 936
Flse 612 936
HalfLetter 396 612
For convenience you can specify the page size by media (e.g.
A4, Ledger, etc.). Otherwise, -page behaves much like -geometry
(e.g. -page letter+43+43>).
To position a GIF image, use -page {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
(e.g. -page +100+200).
For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in -geometry and
positioned relative to the lower left hand corner of the page by
{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>. Use -page 612x792>, for example,
to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds
the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page.
The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.
This option is used in concert with -density.
-pen color
set the color of the font.
See X(1) for details about the color specification.
-pointsize value
pointsize of the Postscript, X11, or TrueType font.
-quality value
JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.
For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
The default quality is 75.
Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the amount of
image compression (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10).
Compression quality values range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).
If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used
for all scanlines:
0: none
1: sub
2: up
3: average
4: Paeth
If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is
greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, other‐
wise no filtering is used.
If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with minimum-
sum-of-absolute-values is used.
The default is quality is 75. Which means nearly the best com‐
pression with adaptive filtering.
For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC 2083),
<http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR>.
-rotate degrees{<}{>}
apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height.
< rotates the image only if its width is less than the height.
For example, if you specify -90> and the image size is 480x640,
the image is not rotated by the specified angle. However, if
the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees.
Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are filled
with the color defined as bordercolor (class borderColor).
-scene value
image scene number.
-shadow
add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth.
-sharpen <radius>x<sigma>
sharpen the image with a gaussian operator of the given radius
and standard deviation (sigma).
-size <width>x<height>{+offset}
width and height of the image.
Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images
whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK. In
addition to width and height, use -size to skip any header
information in the image or tell the number of colors in a MAP
image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).
-texture filename
name of texture to tile onto the image background.
-tile <width>x<height>
specifies how many tiles are to appear in each row and column of
the composite image.
Specify the number of tiles per row with width and tiles per
column with height. For example if you want 1 tile in each row
and a maximum of 10 tiles in the composite image, use -tile
1x10. The default is to have 5 tiles in each row and 4 tiles in
each column of the composite.
-transparent color
make this color transparent within the image.
-treedepth value
Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A zero or one
tells montage to choose a optimal tree depth for the color
reduction algorithm.
An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the
source image with the fastest computational speed and the least
amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate
for some images. To assure the best representation, try values
between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to quantize(9) for
more details.
The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this option to
take effect.
-type type
set the image type: Bilevel, Grayscale, Palette, PaletteMatte,
TrueColor, TrueColorMatte, or ColorSeparation.
-verbose
print detailed information about the image.
This information is printed: image scene number; image name;
image size; the image class (DirectClass or PseudoClass); the
total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to
read and write the image.
In addition to those listed above, you can specify these standard X
resources as command line options: -background, -bordercolor, -border‐
width, -font, -foreground, -mattecolor, or -title. See X RESOURCES for
details.
Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on
the command line remains in effect until it is explicitly changed by
specifying the option again with a different effect. For example, to
montage two images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only
16 colors, use:
montage-colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2 cockatoo.miff
By default, the image format is determined by its magic number. To
specify a particular image format, precede the filename with an image
format name and a colon (i.e. ps:image) or specify the image type as
the filename suffix (i.e. image.ps). See convert(1) for a list of
valid image formats.
When you specify X as your image type, the filename has special mean‐
ing. It specifies an X window by id, name, or root. If no filename is
specified, the window is selected by clicking the mouse in the desired
window.
Specify input_file as - for standard input, output_file as - for stan‐
dard output. If input_file has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is
uncompressed with uncompress or gunzip respectively. If output_file
has the extension .Z or .gz, the file size is compressed using with
compress or gzip respectively. Finally, precede the image file name
with | to pipe to or from a system command.
Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name to specify
a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image format like Photo CD
(e.g. img0001.pcd[4]) or a range for MPEG images (e.g.
video.mpg[50-75]). A subimage specification can be disjoint (e.g.
image.tiff[2,7,4]). For raw images, specify a subimage with a geometry
(e.g. -size 640x512 image.rgb[320x256+50+50]).
Single images are written with the filename you specify. However,
multi-part images (e.g. a multi-page Postscript document with +adjoin
specified) are written with the filename followed by a period (.) and
the scene number. You can change this behavior by embedding a printf
format specification in the file name. For example,
image%02d.miff
montages files image00.miff, image01.miff, etc.
Prepend an at sign (@) to a filename to read a list of image filenames
from that file. This is convenient in the event you have too many
image filenames to fit on the command line.
Note, a composite MIFF image displayed to an X server with display
behaves differently than other images. You can think of the composite
as a visual image directory. Choose a particular tile of the composite
and press a button to display it. See display(1) and miff(5) for
details.
X RESOURCESmontage options can appear on the command line or in your X resource
file. Options on the command line supersede values specified in your X
resource file. See X(1) for more information on X resources.
All montage options have a corresponding X resource. In addition, mon‐
tage uses the following X resources:
background (class Background)
Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image
background. The default is #ccc.
borderColor (class BorderColor)
Specifies the preferred color to use for the composite image
border. The default is #ccc.
borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
Specifies the width in pixels of the composite image border.
The default is 2.
font (class Font)
Specifies the name of the preferred font to use when displaying
text within the composite image. The default is 9x15, fixed, or
5x8 determined by the composite image size.
foreground (class Foreground)
Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the compos‐
ite image. The default is black.
matteColor (class MatteColor)
Specify the color of an image frame. A 3D effect is achieved
by using highlight and shadow colors derived from this color.
The default value is #ccc.
title (class Title)
This resource specifies the title to be placed at the top of the
composite image. The default is not to place a title at the top
of the composite image.
ENVIRONMENT
display
To get the default host, display number, and screen.
SEE ALSOdisplay(1), animate(1), import(1), mogrify(1), convert(1), combine(1),
xtp(1)COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2001 ImageMagick Studio, a non-profit organization dedi‐
cated to making software imaging solutions freely available.
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files ("ImageMag‐
ick"), to deal in ImageMagick without restriction, including without
limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to
whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so, subject to the following
conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick.
The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express
or implied, including but not limited to the warranties of mer‐
chantability, fitness for a particular purpose and noninfringement. In
no event shall ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim, damages or
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arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or
other dealings in ImageMagick.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of the ImageMagick Studio
shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.
Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implemen‐
tation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.
David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for providing a
computing environment that made this program possible.
Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the original
idea of using space subdivision for the color reduction algorithm.
AUTHORS
John Cristy, ImageMagick Studio
ImageMagick 1 May 1994 montage(1)
