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MODPROBE(8)							   MODPROBE(8)

NAME
       modprobe - program to add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel

SYNOPSIS
       modprobe	 [ -v ]	 [ -V ]	 [ -C config-file ]  [ -n ]  [ -i ]  [ -q ]  [
       -b ]  [ -o modulename ]	[ modulename ]	[ module parameters... ]

       modprobe [ -r ]	[ -v ]	[ -n ]	[ -i ]	[ modulename... ]

       modprobe [ -l ]	[ -t dirname ]	[ wildcard ]

       modprobe [ -c ]

       modprobe [ --dump-modversions ]	[ filename... ]

DESCRIPTION
       modprobe intelligently adds or removes a module from the Linux  kernel:
       note  that  for	convenience, there is no difference between _ and - in
       module  names.	modprobe  looks	 in  the  module  directory  /lib/mod‐
       ules/`uname  -r`	 for  all  the modules and other files, except for the
       optional	 /etc/modprobe.conf  configuration  file  and  /etc/modprobe.d
       directory (see modprobe.conf(5)). modprobe will also use module options
       specified on the kernel command line in the form of <module>.<option>.

       Note that this version of modprobe does not do anything to  the	module
       itself:	the  work of resolving symbols and understanding parameters is
       done inside the kernel. So module failure is sometimes accompanied by a
       kernel message: see dmesg(8).

       modprobe expects an up-to-date modules.dep file, as generated by depmod
       (see depmod(8)). This file lists what other modules each	 module	 needs
       (if  any),  and	modprobe uses this to add or remove these dependencies
       automatically. See modules.dep(5)).

       If any arguments are given after the modulename, they are passed to the
       kernel (in addition to any options listed in the configuration file).

OPTIONS
       -v --verbose
	      Print messages about what the program is doing. Usually modprobe
	      only prints messages if something goes wrong.

	      This option is passed through  install  or  remove  commands  to
	      other  modprobe  commands	 in  the  MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
	      variable.

       -C --config
	      This option overrides the default	 configuration	directory/file
	      (/etc/modprobe.d or /etc/modprobe.conf).

	      This  option  is	passed	through	 install or remove commands to
	      other modprobe  commands	in  the	 MODPROBE_OPTIONS  environment
	      variable.

       -c --showconfig
	      Dump  out	 the effective configuration from the config directory
	      and exit.

       -n --dry-run
	      This option does everything but actually insert  or  delete  the
	      modules  (or  run the install or remove commands). Combined with
	      -v, it is useful for debugging problems.

       -i --ignore-install --ignore-remove
	      This option causes modprobe to ignore install  and  remove  com‐
	      mands  in	 the configuration file (if any) for the module speci‐
	      fied on the command line (any dependent modules are  still  sub‐
	      ject  to	commands set for them in the configuration file).  See
	      modprobe.conf(5).

       -q --quiet
	      Normally modprobe will report an error if you try to  remove  or
	      insert   a   module  it  can't  find  (and  isn't	 an  alias  or
	      install/remove command). With this flag,	modprobe  will	simply
	      ignore  any  bogus  names (the kernel uses this to opportunisti‐
	      cally probe for modules which might exist).

       -r --remove
	      This option causes modprobe to remove rather than insert a  mod‐
	      ule. If the modules it depends on are also unused, modprobe will
	      try to remove them too. Unlike insertion, more than  one	module
	      can  be specified on the command line (it does not make sense to
	      specify module parameters when removing modules).

	      There is usually no reason to remove  modules,  but  some	 buggy
	      modules  require it. Your kernel may not support removal of mod‐
	      ules.

       -V --version
	      Show version of program and exit.

       -f --force
	      Try to strip any versioning information from  the	 module	 which
	      might  otherwise stop it from loading: this is the same as using
	      both --force-vermagic and --force-modversion.  Naturally,	 these
	      checks  are  there  for your protection, so using this option is
	      dangerous.

	      This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
	      on the command line and any modules it on which it depends.

       --force-vermagic
	      Every module contains a small string containing important infor‐
	      mation, such as the kernel and compiler versions.	 If  a	module
	      fails  to load and the kernel complains that the "version magic"
	      doesn't match, you can use this option to remove it.  Naturally,
	      this check is there for your protection, so this using option is
	      dangerous.

	      This applies to any modules inserted: both the module (or alias)
	      on the command line and any modules on which it depends.

       --force-modversion
	      When modules are compiled with CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, a section
	      detailing the versions of every interfaced used by (or  supplied
	      by)  the	module	is  created. If a module fails to load and the
	      kernel complains that the module disagrees about	a  version  of
	      some  interface,	you can use "--force-modversion" to remove the
	      version information altogether. Naturally, this check  is	 there
	      for your protection, so using this option is dangerous.

	      This applies any modules inserted: both the module (or alias) on
	      the command line and any modules on which it depends.

       -l --list
	      List all modules matching the given wildcard (or "*" if no wild‐
	      card  is	given). This option is provided for backwards compati‐
	      bility: see find(1) and basename(1) for a more flexible alterna‐
	      tive.

       -a --all
	      Insert all module names on the command line.

       -t --type
	      Restrict	-l  to	modules	 in  directories  matching the dirname
	      given. This option is provided for backwards compatibility:  see
	      find(1) and basename(1) for a more flexible alternative.

       -s --syslog
	      This  option  causes any error messages to go through the syslog
	      mechanism (as LOG_DAEMON with level LOG_NOTICE) rather  than  to
	      standard	error.	This is also automatically enabled when stderr
	      is unavailable.

	      This option is passed through  install  or  remove  commands  to
	      other  modprobe  commands	 in  the  MODPROBE_OPTIONS environment
	      variable.

       -S --set-version
	      Set the kernel version, rather than using uname(2) to decide  on
	      the kernel version (which dictates where to find the modules).

       --show-depends
	      List the dependencies of a module (or alias), including the mod‐
	      ule itself. This produces a (possibly empty) set of module file‐
	      names,  one  per line, each starting with "insmod". Install com‐
	      mands which apply are shown prefixed by "install". It  does  not
	      run  any	of  the	 install commands. Note that modinfo(8) can be
	      used to extract dependencies of a module from the module itself,
	      but knows nothing of aliases or install commands.

       --resolve-alias
	      Print all module names matching an alias.

       -o --name
	      This  option  tries to rename the module which is being inserted
	      into the kernel. Some testing modules can usefully  be  inserted
	      multiple	times,	but  the kernel refuses to have two modules of
	      the same name. Normally, modules	should	not  require  multiple
	      insertions,  as  that  would  make them useless if there were no
	      module support.

       --first-time
	      Normally, modprobe will succeed (and  do	nothing)  if  told  to
	      insert  a	 module which is already present or to remove a module
	      which isn't present. This is ideal for simple scripts;  however,
	      more  complicated	 scripts  often	 want to know whether modprobe
	      really did something: this option makes modprobe fail  for  that
	      case.

       --dump-modversions
	      Print  out a list of module versioning information required by a
	      module. This option is commonly used by distributions  in	 order
	      to  package  up  a  Linux	 kernel module using module versioning
	      deps.

       -b --use-blacklist
	      This option causes modprobe to apply the blacklist  commands  in
	      the  configuration files (if any) to module names as well. It is
	      usually used by udev(7).

       -d --dirname
	      Directory where modules can be  found,  /lib/modules/RELEASE  by
	      default.

ENVIRONMENT
       The  MODPROBE_OPTIONS  environment  variable  can  also be used to pass
       arguments to modprobe.

COPYRIGHT
       This manual page Copyright 2002, Rusty Russell, IBM Corporation.

SEE ALSO
       modprobe.conf(5), lsmod(8), modinfo(8)

				  2002-12-27			   MODPROBE(8)
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