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MBRTOWC(3)		   Linux Programmer's Manual		    MBRTOWC(3)

NAME
       mbrtowc - convert a multibyte sequence to a wide character

SYNOPSIS
       #include <wchar.h>

       size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t *pwc, const char *s, size_t n, mbstate_t *ps);

DESCRIPTION
       The  main  case	for this function is when s is not NULL and pwc is not
       NULL.  In this case, the mbrtowc() function inspects at most n bytes of
       the  multibyte  string starting at s, extracts the next complete multi‐
       byte character, converts it to a wide character and stores it at	 *pwc.
       It updates the shift state *ps.	If the converted wide character is not
       L'\0', it returns the number of bytes that were consumed	 from  s.   If
       the converted wide character is L'\0', it resets the shift state *ps to
       the initial state and returns 0.

       If the n bytes starting at s do not contain a complete multibyte	 char‐
       acter,  mbrtowc()  returns  (size_t) -2.	  This can happen even if n >=
       MB_CUR_MAX, if the multibyte string contains redundant shift sequences.

       If the multibyte string starting at s  contains	an  invalid  multibyte
       sequence	  before   the	next  complete	character,  mbrtowc()  returns
       (size_t) -1 and sets errno to EILSEQ.  In this case, the effects on *ps
       are undefined.

       A  different  case is when s is not NULL but pwc is NULL.  In this case
       the mbrtowc() function behaves as above, except that it does not	 store
       the converted wide character in memory.

       A  third	 case is when s is NULL.  In this case, pwc and n are ignored.
       If the conversion state represented by *ps denotes an incomplete multi‐
       byte  character conversion, the mbrtowc() function returns (size_t) -1,
       sets errno to EILSEQ, and leaves *ps in an undefined state.  Otherwise,
       the mbrtowc() function puts *ps in the initial state and returns 0.

       In  all of the above cases, if ps is a NULL pointer, a static anonymous
       state only known to the mbrtowc function is used	 instead.   Otherwise,
       *ps  must  be  a	 valid mbstate_t object.  An mbstate_t object a can be
       initialized to the initial state by zeroing it, for example using

	   memset(&a, 0, sizeof(a));

RETURN VALUE
       The mbrtowc() function returns the number  of  bytes  parsed  from  the
       multibyte  sequence  starting  at  s, if a non-L'\0' wide character was
       recognized.  It returns 0, if a L'\0' wide  character  was  recognized.
       It  returns  (size_t) -1 and sets errno to EILSEQ, if an invalid multi‐
       byte sequence was encountered.  It returns (size_t) -2 if  it  couldn't
       parse  a	 complete  multibyte  character,  meaning  that	 n  should  be
       increased.

CONFORMING TO
       C99.

NOTES
       The behavior of mbrtowc() depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the  cur‐
       rent locale.

SEE ALSO
       mbsrtowcs(3)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 3.22 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting  bugs,  can
       be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU				  2001-11-22			    MBRTOWC(3)
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