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MAKE(1L)		      LOCAL USER COMMANDS		      MAKE(1L)

NAME
       make - GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs

SYNOPSIS
       make [ -f makefile ] [ option ] ...  target ...

WARNING
       This  man paage is an extract of the documentation of GNU make .	 It is
       updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does not use	nroff.
       For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file make or the
       DVI file make.dvi which are made from the Texinfo source file make.tex‐
       info.

DESCRIPTION
       The  purpose  of	 the  make utility is to determine automatically which
       pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands
       to  recompile  them.   This  manual describes the GNU implementation of
       make, which was written by Richard Stallman and	Roland	McGrath.   Our
       examples	 show  C programs, since they are most common, but you can use
       make with any programming language whose compiler can  be  run  with  a
       shell  command.	In fact, make is not limited to programs.  You can use
       it to describe any task where some files must be updated	 automatically
       from others whenever the others change.

       To  prepare to use make, you must write a file called the makefile that
       describes the relationships among files in your program, and the states
       the  commands for updating each file.  In a program, typically the exe‐
       cutable file is updated from object files, which are in	turn  made  by
       compiling source files.

       Once  a	suitable  makefile  exists,  each  time you change some source
       files, this simple shell command:

	      make

       suffices to perform all necessary  recompilations.   The	 make  program
       uses  the  makefile  data  base	and the last-modification times of the
       files to decide which of the files need to be  updated.	 For  each  of
       those files, it issues the commands recorded in the data base.

       make  executes  commands	 in  the makefile to update one or more target
       names, where name is typically a program.  If no -f option is  present,
       make  will  look for the makefiles GNUmakefile, makefile, and Makefile,
       in that order.

       Normally you should call your makefile  either  makefile	 or  Makefile.
       (We  recommend  Makefile because it appears prominently near the begin‐
       ning of a directory listing, right near other important files  such  as
       README.)	  The  first name checked, GNUmakefile, is not recommended for
       most makefiles.	You should use this name if you have a	makefile  that
       is  specific  to GNU make, and will not be understood by other versions
       of make.	 If makefile is `-', the standard input is read.

       make updates a target if it depends on  prerequisite  files  that  have
       been modified since the target was last modified, or if the target does
       not exist.

OPTIONS
       -b

       -m   These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of
	    make.

       -C dir
	    Change to directory dir before reading the makefiles or doing any‐
	    thing else.	 If multiple -C options are specified, each is	inter‐
	    preted  relative to the previous one: -C / -C etc is equivalent to
	    -C /etc.  This is typically used  with  recursive  invocations  of
	    make.

       -d   Print debugging information in addition to normal processing.  The
	    debugging information says which files are	being  considered  for
	    remaking,  which  file-times  are  being  compared	and  with what
	    results, which files actually need to be  remade,  which  implicit
	    rules  are considered and which are applied---everything interest‐
	    ing about how make decides what to do.

       -e   Give variables taken from the environment  precedence  over	 vari‐
	    ables from makefiles.

       -f file
	    Use file as a makefile.

       -i   Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files.

       -I dir
	    Specifies  a  directory  dir to search for included makefiles.  If
	    several -I options are used to specify  several  directories,  the
	    directories are searched in the order specified.  Unlike the argu‐
	    ments to other flags of make, directories given with -I flags  may
	    come directly after the flag: -Idir is allowed, as well as -I dir.
	    This syntax is allowed for compatibility with the C preprocessor's
	    -I flag.

       -j jobs
	    Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.  If
	    there is more than one -j option, the last one is  effective.   If
	    the	 -j  option  is given without an argument, make will not limit
	    the number of jobs that can run simultaneously.

       -k   Continue as much as possible after an  error.   While  the	target
	    that  failed,  and	those that depend on it, cannot be remade, the
	    other dependencies of these targets can be processed all the same.

       -l

       -l load
	    Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started  if	 there
	    are	 others	 jobs running and the load average is at least load (a
	    floating-point number).  With no argument, removes a previous load
	    limit.

       -n   Print  the	commands  that	would  be executed, but do not execute
	    them.

       -o file
	    Do not remake the file file even if it is older than its dependen‐
	    cies,  and	do  not remake anything on account of changes in file.
	    Essentially the file is treated as very  old  and  its  rules  are
	    ignored.

       -p   Print  the data base (rules and variable values) that results from
	    reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise spec‐
	    ified.   This  also prints the version information given by the -v
	    switch (see below).	 To print the  data  base  without  trying  to
	    remake any files, use make -p -f/dev/null.

       -q   ``Question	mode''.	  Do  not run any commands, or print anything;
	    just return an exit status that is zero if the  specified  targets
	    are already up to date, nonzero otherwise.

       -r   Eliminate  use of the built-in implicit rules.  Also clear out the
	    default list of suffixes for suffix rules.

       -s   Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed.

       -S   Cancel the effect of the  -k  option.   This  is  never  necessary
	    except  in	a  recursive make where -k might be inherited from the
	    top-level make via MAKEFLAGS or if you set -k in MAKEFLAGS in your
	    environment.

       -t   Touch  files  (mark	 them up to date without really changing them)
	    instead of running their commands.	This is used to	 pretend  that
	    the	 commands  were	 done,	in order to fool future invocations of
	    make.

       -v   Print the version of the make program plus a copyright, a list  of
	    authors and a notice that there is no warranty.  After this infor‐
	    mation is printed, processing continues  normally.	 To  get  this
	    information without doing anything else, use make -v -f/dev/null.

       -w   Print  a message containing the working directory before and after
	    other processing.  This may be useful  for	tracking  down	errors
	    from complicated nests of recursive make commands.

       -W file
	    Pretend  that  the	target file has just been modified.  When used
	    with the -n flag, this shows you what would happen if you were  to
	    modify  that file.	Without -n, it is almost the same as running a
	    touch command on the given file before running make,  except  that
	    the modification time is changed only in the imagination of make.

SEE ALSO
       /usr/local/doc/gnumake.dvi
			   The GNU Make Manual

BUGS
       See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in The GNU Make Manual .

AUTHOR
       This  manual  page  contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University.
       It has been reworked by Roland McGrath.

GNU				22 August 1989			      MAKE(1L)
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