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lpd(8)									lpd(8)

NAME
       lpd - line printer daemon

SYNOPSIS
       /usr/lbin/lpd [-l]

OPTIONS
       Causes  the lpd daemon to log valid requests received from the network.
       This option is useful for debugging.

DESCRIPTION
       The lpd line printer daemon (spool area handler) normally is invoked at
       boot time.  The daemon makes a single pass through the printcap(4) file
       to determine the existing printers and to print all files that were not
       printed	before the system shut down. The daemon uses system calls lis‐
       ten(2) and accept(2) to receive requests to print files in  the	queue,
       to  transfer  files  to	the spooling area, and to display the queue or
       remove jobs from the queue.  In each case, the  daemon  forks  a	 child
       process	to  handle the request so that the parent process can continue
       to listen for more requests.  The Internet port number used to interact
       with  other  processes  is  identified with the getservbyname(3) system
       call and is specified in the /etc/services file by its printer  service
       record entry.

       Access control is provided by the following means:

       All  requests  must  originate  from  one of the machines listed in the
       /etc/hosts.equiv or /etc/hosts.lpd file.

       When an rs capability, which restricts remote users to those with local
       accounts,  is specified in the /etc/printcap file for the printer being
       accessed, an lpr or lp request is honored only for those	 users	having
       accounts on the same machine as the printer.

       The  minfree  ASCII file in each spool directory contains the number of
       disk blocks to leave free so that the line printer queue will not  com‐
       pletely fill the disk.

       The  lock  file in each /usr/spool subdirectory is used to prevent more
       than one active lpd daemon and to store information  about  the	daemon
       process for other printer spooling commands.

       After the lpd daemon has successfully set the lock in the lock file, it
       scans the /usr/spool subdirectory for files beginning with the  charac‐
       ters  cf.   Records in each of the cf files specify files to be printed
       or specify one or more non-printing actions to be performed.  Each such
       record  begins  with a key character that specifies what to do with the
       remainder of the line.  In the following table, the  columns  list  the
       beginning  key character, the key-character name, and its purpose: Name
       of the machine where the lpr daemon or  the  lp	command	 was  invoked.
       Login  name  of	the  person  who invoked the lpr or lp commands.  This
       record is used to verify ownership by  the  lprm	 or  cancel  commands.
       String  to  be  used  for the job name on the burst page.  String to be
       used for the classification line on the burst page.   The  record  line
       provides identification information from the etc/passwd file and initi‐
       ates banner page printing.  The number of character  spaces  to	indent
       the  output  (spacing  is from the ASCII character set).	 Sends mail to
       the specified user when the  current  print  job	 completes.   Name  of
       another	font  file  to use in place of the default font file.  Name of
       another font file to use in place of the default font  file.   Name  of
       another	font  file  to use in place of the default font file.  Name of
       another font file to use in place of the default	 font  file.   Changes
       the  page width (in characters) used by the pr command and by text fil‐
       ters.  Selects the input tray that supplies paper for  the  print  job.
       Selects	the  output tray where the printed paper is deposited.	Speci‐
       fies the orientation of the printed output on the page. Note  that  for
       certain	print  filters, such as pcfof, the O option is used to specify
       other options such as even to  print  even-numbered  pages.   Specifies
       whether	the  job should be printed on both sides of the physical sheet
       and whether the pages should be rotated by 180 degrees.	String	to  be
       used  as	 the  title  for the pr command.  Name of an already formatted
       file to print.  Name of a file to print using the pr command as a  fil‐
       ter.   Similar  to  f,  but passes control characters and does not make
       page breaks.  The file contains troff output (cat phototypesetter  com‐
       mands).	 The file contains DVI (device-independent) troff output.  The
       file contains Tex(l) output (DVI format from Stanford).	The file  con‐
       tains  a	 raster image.	The file contains data produced by the cifplot
       command.	 The file contains text data  with  Fortran  carriage  control
       characters.  Do not interpret any control characters in the file.  Name
       of file to remove on completion of printing.   The  name	 of  the  file
       undergoing  printing,  or  when blank, for the standard input (when the
       lpr or lp command is invoked in a  pipeline  or	when  the  command  is
       invoked from the standard input).

       Whenever	 a file cannot be opened for printing, a message is logged via
       the syslog(3) subroutine using theLOG_LPR facility.  In this case,  the
       lpd daemon tries to reopen a file, which it expects to be referenced by
       a correct pathname, up to 20 times.  If a file cannot be	 opened	 after
       20 tries, lpd goes to the next file.

       The

       lpd daemon uses the flock(2) system call to provide exclusive access to
       the lock file and to prevent multiple daemons from being simultaneously
       activated.  If the daemon is killed or dies unexpectedly, the lock file
       does not have to be removed.

       The 2-line ASCII /usr/spool/lock file contains two  lines.   The	 first
       line specifies the process ID of the daemon, and the second line speci‐
       fies the control file name of the job  currently	 undergoing  printing.
       The  second  line  is  updated to reflect the current status of the lpd
       daemon for commands lpq, lprm, cancel, and lpstat.

   NOTE - Printer Log Files
       The lpd does not automatically purge log	 files.	  You  should  monitor
       logs  regularly	or  set up a cleaning task using the cron command. See
       similar commands for syslog.dated in /usr/var/spool/cron/crontabs

FILES
       Specifies the command path.  Printer description file.  Spool  directo‐
       ries.   The location of spool directories is a convention, but not nec‐
       essary (see the /etc/printcap file).  The  transient  lock  file	 which
       records	print daemon and job status.  On clustered systems, this tran‐
       sient file is created to contain the  daemon  status.   Note  that  the
       /usr/spool/lpd  directory  is  a Context Dependent Symbolic Link (CDSL)
       and should not be manually created or  destroyed.   Minimum  free  disk
       space  to  leave.   Line	 printer  devices.  Socket for local requests.
       Lists machine names allowed access to a printer.	 Lists	machine	 names
       allowed	access	to a printer, but which are not under same administra‐
       tive control.

SEE ALSO
       Commands: cancel(1), lp(1), lpc(8), lpr(1), lpq(1), lpstat(1), lprm(1),
       pac(8), pcfof(8)

       Calls: syslog(3)

									lpd(8)
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