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LIBMNG(3)							     LIBMNG(3)

NAME
       libmng - Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) Reference Library 1.0.9

SYNOPSIS

       #include <libmng.h>

DESCRIPTION
       The libmng library supports decoding, displaying, encoding, and various
       other manipulations of the Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) format
       image  files.  It  uses the zlib(3) compression library, and optionally
       the JPEG library by the Independant JPEG Group (IJG) and/or lcms	 (lit‐
       tle cms), a color-management library by Marti Maria Saguer.

I. Introduction
       This  file  describes  how  to use and modify the MNG reference library
       (known as libmng) for your own use.  There are seven sections  to  this
       file: introduction, callbacks, housekeeping, reading, displaying, writ‐
       ing, and modification and configuration notes for various special plat‐
       forms.	We   assume   that   libmng  is	 already  installed;  see  the
       INSTALL.README file for instructions on how to install libmng.

       Libmng was written to support and promote the MNG specification.

       The	 MNG-1.0       specification	   is	    available	    at
       <http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/spec/>.

       Other  information  about  MNG  can  be	found  at  the	MNG home page,
       <http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng/>.  The latest version of libmng can  be
       found at its own homepage at <http://www.libmng.com/>.

       In  most	 cases the library will not need to be changed.	 For standard‐
       ization purposes the library contains both a Windows DLL and a makefile
       for building a shared library (SO). The library is written in C, but an
       interface for Borland Delphi is also available.

       Libmng has been designed to handle multiple sessions at one time, to be
       easily  modifiable,  to	be  portable  to the vast majority of machines
       (ANSI, K&R, 32-, and 64-bit) available, and to be easy to use.

       Libmng uses zlib for its compression and decompression  of  MNG	files.
       Further	information about zlib, and the latest version of zlib, can be
       found at the zlib home page, <http://www.zlib.org/>.  The zlib compres‐
       sion  utility is a general purpose utility that is useful for more than
       MNG/PNG files, and can be used without libmng.  See  the	 documentation
       delivered with zlib for more details.

       Libmng  optionally  uses the JPEG library by the Independant JPEG Group
       (IJG). This library is used for the JNG sub-format, which  is  part  of
       the  MNG	 specification,	 and  allows for inclusion of JPEG decoded and
       thus highly  compressed	(photographic)	images.	  Further  information
       about  the  IJG	JPEG  library  and  the latest sources can be found at
       <http://www.ijg.org/>.

       Libmng can also optionally use the lcms (little CMS) library  by	 Marti
       Maria  Saguer. This library provides an excellent color-management sys‐
       tem (CMS), which gives libmng the ability to provide full color-correc‐
       tion  for  images  with	the proper color-information encoded.  Further
       information and the latest sources can  be  found  at  <http://www.lit‐
       tlecms.com/>.

       Libmng is thread safe, provided the threads are using different handles
       as returned by the initialization call.	Each thread  should  have  its
       own  handle  and	 thus  its  own image.	Libmng does not protect itself
       against two threads using the same instance of a handle.

       The libmng.h header file is the single reference needed for programming
       with libmng:

       #include <libmng.h>

II. Callbacks
       Libmng makes extensive use of callback functions. This is meant to keep
       the library as platform-independant and flexible	 as  possible.	 Actu‐
       ally,  the  first  call	you will make to the library, already contains
       three parameters you can use to provide callback entry-points.

       Most functions must return a mng_bool  (boolean).  Returning  MNG_FALSE
       indicates  the  library the callback failed in some way and the library
       will immediately return from whatever it was doing back to the applica‐
       tion.  Returning MNG_TRUE indicates there were no problems and process‐
       ing can continue.

       Let's step through each of the  possible	 callbacks.  The  sections  on
       reading,	 displaying  and writing will also explain which callbacks are
       needed when and where.

       - mng_ptr mng_memalloc (mng_size_t iLen)

       A very basic function which the library uses to allocate a memory-block
       with the given size. A typical implementation would be:

	   mng_ptr my_alloc (mng_size_t iLen) {
	     return calloc (1, iLen);
	   }

       Note that the library requires you to zero-out the memory-block!!!

       - void mng_memfree (mng_ptr    pPtr,
			   mng_size_t iLen)

       Counterpart of the previous function. Typically:

	   void my_free (mng_ptr pPtr, mng_size_t iLen) {
	     free (pPtr);
	   }

       - mng_bool mng_openstream  (mng_handle hHandle)

       - mng_bool mng_closestream (mng_handle hHandle)

       These  are  called  by  the  library  just  before it starts to process
       (either read or write) a file and  just	after  the  processing	stops.
       This  is the recommended place to do I/O initialization & finalization.
       Whether you do or not, is up to you. The library does not put any mean‐
       ing into the calls. They are simply provided for your convenience.

       - mng_bool mng_readdata (mng_handle  hHandle,
				mng_ptr	    pBuf,
				mng_uint32  iBuflen,
				mng_uint32p pRead)

       This  function  is  called when the library needs some more input while
       reading an image. The reading process supports two  modes:  Suspension-
       mode  (SMOD)  and non-suspension-mode (NSMOD).  See mng_set_suspension‐
       mode() for a more detailed description.

       In NSMOD, the library requires you to  return  exactly  the  amount  of
       bytes requested (= iBuflen). Any lesser amount indicates the input file
       is exhausted and the library will return a MNG_UNEXPECTEDEOF errorcode.

       In SMOD, you may return a smaller amount of bytes than requested.  This
       tells  the library it should temporarily wait for more input to arrive.
       The lib will return with MNG_NEEDMOREDATA, and will expect  a  call  to
       mng_read_resume()  or mng_display_resume() next, as soon as more input-
       data has arrived.

       For NSMOD this function could be as simple as:

	   mng_bool my_read (mng_handle	 hHandle,
			     mng_ptr	 pBuf,
			     mng_uint32	 iBuflen,
			     mng_uint32p pRead) {
	     *pRead = fread (pBuf, 1, iBuflen, myfile);
	     return MNG_TRUE;
	   }

       - mng_bool mng_writedata (mng_handle  hHandle,
				 mng_ptr     pBuf,
				 mng_uint32  iBuflen,
				 mng_uint32p pWritten)

       This function is called during the  mng_write()	function  to  actually
       output  data  to the file. There is no suspension-mode during write, so
       the application must return the	exact  number  of  bytes  the  library
       requests to be written.

       A typical implementation could be:

	   mng_bool my_write (mng_handle  hHandle,
			      mng_ptr	  pBuf,
			      mng_uint32  iBuflen,
			      mng_uint32p pWritten) {
	     *pWritten = fwrite (pBuf, 1, iBuflen, myfile);
	     return MNG_TRUE;
	   }

       - mng_bool mng_errorproc (mng_handle  hHandle,
				 mng_int32   iErrorcode,
				 mng_int8    iSeverity,
				 mng_chunkid iChunkname,
				 mng_uint32  iChunkseq,
				 mng_int32   iExtra1,
				 mng_int32   iExtra2,
				 mng_pchar   zErrortext)

       This  function  is  called  whenever  an	 error	is detected inside the
       library. This may be caused  by	invalid	 input,	 callbacks  indicating
       failure, or wrongfully calling functions out of place.

       If  you	do  not provide this callback the library will still return an
       errorcode from the called function, and the mng_getlasterror() function
       can be used to retrieve the other parameters.

       This  function  is  currently only provided for convenience, but may at
       some point be used to indicate certain errors may  be  acceptable,  and
       processing should continue.

       - mng_bool mng_traceproc (mng_handle hHandle,
				 mng_int32  iFuncnr,
				 mng_int32  iFuncseq,
				 mng_pchar  zFuncname)

       This  function  is  provided  to	 allow	a  functional  analysis of the
       library. This may be useful if you encounter certain errors and	cannot
       determine what the problem is.

       Almost  all  functions  inside  the library will activate this callback
       with an appropriate function-name at the start and end of the function.
       Please note that large images may generate an enormous amount of calls.

       - mng_bool mng_processheader (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint32 iWidth,
				     mng_uint32 iHeight)

       This  function is called once the header information of an input- image
       has been processed. At this point the image  dimensions	are  available
       and  also some other properties depending on the type of the image. Eg.
       for a MNG the  frame-/layercount,  playtime  &  simplicity  fields  are
       known.

       The  primary  purpose  of this callback is to inform the application of
       the size of the image, and for the application to initialize the	 draw‐
       ing  canvas to be used by the library. This is also a good point to set
       the canvas-style. Eg. mng_set_canvasstyle().

       - mng_bool mng_processtext (mng_handle hHandle,
				   mng_uint8  iType,
				   mng_pchar  zKeyword,
				   mng_pchar  zText,
				   mng_pchar  zLanguage,
				   mng_pchar  zTranslation)

       This callback is activated for each textual chunk in the input-	image.
       These are tEXt, zTXt & iTXt. It may be used to retain specific comments
       for presentation to the user.

       - mng_bool mng_processsave (mng_handle hHandle)

       - mng_bool mng_processseek (mng_handle hHandle,
				   mng_pchar  zName)

       The purpose of these callbacks is to signal the processing of the  SAVE
       &  SEEK	chunks	in a MNG input-file. This may be used in the future to
       specify some special processing. At the moment these functions are only
       provided as a signal.

       - mng_ptr mng_getcanvasline (mng_handle hHandle,
				    mng_uint32 iLinenr)

       - mng_ptr mng_getbkgdline   (mng_handle hHandle,
				    mng_uint32 iLinenr)

       - mng_ptr mng_getalphaline  (mng_handle hHandle,
				    mng_uint32 iLinenr)

       These  callbacks are used to access the drawing canvas, background can‐
       vas and an optional separate alpha-channel canvas. The latter  is  used
       only with the MNG_CANVAS_RGB8_A8 canvas-style.

       If  the getbkgdline() callback is not supplied the library will compos‐
       ite fully or partially transparent pixels in the image against a speci‐
       fied  background	 color.	 See mng_set_bgcolor() for more details.  If a
       chosen canvas-style includes an alpha-channel, this  callback  is  very
       likely not needed.

       The  application	 is  responsible  for returning a pointer to a line of
       pixels, which should be in the exact format as defined by the  call  to
       mng_set_canvasstyle() and mng_set_bkgdstyle(), without gaps between the
       representation of each pixel, unless specified by the canvas-style.

       - mng_bool mng_refresh (mng_handle hHandle,
			       mng_uint32 iX,
			       mng_uint32 iY,
			       mng_uint32 iWidth,
			       mng_uint32 iHeight)

       This callback is called when the library has  drawn  a  complete	 frame
       onto the drawing canvas, and it is ready to be displayed.  The applica‐
       tion is responsible for transferring the	 drawing  canvas  from	memory
       onto the actual output device.

       - mng_uint32 mng_gettickcount (mng_handle hHandle)

       This function should return the number of milliseconds on some internal
       clock. The entire animation timing depends heavily  on  this  function,
       and the number returned should be as accurate as possible.

       - mng_bool mng_settimer (mng_handle hHandle,
				mng_uint32 iMsecs)

       This  callback  is activated every time the library requires a "pause".
       Note that the function itself should NOT execute the  wait.  It	should
       simply  store  the  time-field  and allow the library to return. Libmng
       will return with the MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT code,  indicating	 the  callback
       was called and it is now time to execute the pause.

       After  the  indicated number of milliseconds have elapsed, the applica‐
       tion should call	 mng_display_resume(),	to  resume  the	 animation  as
       planned.

       This  method  allows  for both a real timer or a simple wait command in
       the application. Whichever method you select, both  the	gettickcount()
       and settimer() callbacks are crucial for proper animation timing.

       - mng_bool mng_processgamma  (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint32 iGamma)

       - mng_bool mng_processchroma (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint32 iWhitepointx,
				     mng_uint32 iWhitepointy,
				     mng_uint32 iRedx,
				     mng_uint32 iRedy,
				     mng_uint32 iGreenx,
				     mng_uint32 iGreeny,
				     mng_uint32 iBluex,
				     mng_uint32 iBluey)

       - mng_bool mng_processsrgb   (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint8	iRenderingintent)

       - mng_bool mng_processiccp   (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint32 iProfilesize,
				     mng_ptr	pProfile)

       - mng_bool mng_processarow   (mng_handle hHandle,
				     mng_uint32 iRowsamples,
				     mng_bool	bIsRGBA16,
				     mng_ptr	pRow)

       These  callbacks	 are  only  required when you selected the MNG_APP_CMS
       directive during compilation of the library. See the configuration sec‐
       tion for more details.

       - mng_bool mng_iteratechunk (mng_handle	hHandle,
				    mng_handle	hChunk,
				    mng_chunkid iChunkid,
				    mng_uint32	iChunkseq)

       This  callback  is only used for the mng_iterate_chunks() function.  It
       is called exactly once for each chunk stored.

III. Housekeeping
   Memory management
       The library can use internal memory allocation/deallocation or use pro‐
       vided callbacks for its memory management. The choice is made at compi‐
       lation time. See the section on customization for details.

       If internal management has been selected, the memory callback functions
       need not be supplied. Even if you do supply them they will not be used.
       The actual code used is similar to the code discussed in	 the  callback
       section:

	     pPtr = calloc (1, iLen);

	     free (pPtr);

       If your compiler does not support these functions, or you wish to moni‐
       tor the library's use of memory for certain reasons, you can choose  to
       compile	the  library with external memory management. In this case the
       memory callback functions MUST be supplied, and should function	as  if
       the above code was used.

   Initialization
       The basic initialization of the library is short and swift:

	   myhandle = mng_initialize (myuserdata, my_alloc,
				      my_free, MNG_NULL);
	   if (myhandle == MNG_NULL)
	     /* process error */;

       The  first  field  is  an  application-only  parameter.	It is saved in
       libmng's internal structures and available at  all  times  through  the
       mng_get_userdata() function. This is especially handy in callback func‐
       tions if your program may be handling multiple files at the same time.

       The second and third field supply the library with the memory  callback
       function	 entry-points. These are described in more detail in the call‐
       back section and the previous paragraph.

       The fourth and last field may be used to supply the  library  with  the
       entry-point  of a trace callback function. For regular use you will not
       need this!

       The function returns a handle which will be your ticket to  MNG-heaven.
       All  other functions rely on this handle. It is the single fixed unique
       reference-point between your application and the library.

       You should call the initialization function for each image you wish  to
       process simultaneously. If you are processing images consecutively, you
       can reset the internal status of the library with the mng_reset() func‐
       tion.   This function will clear all internal state variables, free any
       stored chunks and/or objects, etc, etc. Your callbacks and other exter‐
       nal parameters will be retained.

       After  you  successfully	 received  the	handle	it  is time to set the
       required callbacks. The sections on reading, displaying & writing indi‐
       cate  which  callbacks are required and which are optional.  To set the
       callbacks simply do:

	   myretcode = mng_setcb_xxxxxx (myhandle, my_xxxxxx);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       Naturally you'd replace the x's with the name of the callback.

   Cleanup
       Once you've gotten hold of that precious mng_handle, you should always,
       and  I  mean  always, call the cleanup function when you're done.  Just
       do:

	   mng_cleanup (myhandle);

       And you're done. There shouldn't be an ounce of	memory	spilled	 after
       that call.

       Note that if you would like to process multiple files consecutively you
       do not need to do mng_cleanup() / mng_initialize()  between  each  file
       but simply

	   myretcode = mng_reset (myhandle);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       will suffice. Saves some time and effort, that.

   Error handling
       From  the  examples  in	the previous paragraphs you may have noticed a
       meticulous scheme for error handling. And yes, that's exactly  what  it
       is.  Practically each call simply returns an errorcode, indicating suc‐
       cess, eg. MNG_NOERROR or failure, anything  else	 but  MNG_NEEDMOREDATA
       and  MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT.	These  latter  two  will  be discussed in more
       detail in their respective fields of interest: the reading section  and
       displaying section respectively.

       It  is  the  application's responsibility to check the returncode after
       each call. You can call mng_getlasterror() to receive  the  details  of
       the last detected error. This even includes a discriptive error-message
       if you enabled that option during compilation of the library.

       Note that after receiving an error it is still  possible	 to  call  the
       library,	 but  it's also very likely that any following call will fail.
       The  only  functions  deemed  to	  work	 will	be   mng_reset()   and
       mng_cleanup().	Yes,  if  you  abort  your program after an error, you
       should still call mng_cleanup().

IV. Reading
       Reading a MNG, JNG or PNG is fairly easy. It depends slightly  on  your
       ultimate	 goal  how certain specifics are to be handled, but the basics
       are similar in all cases.

       For the read functioins to work you must have compiled the library with
       the MNG_READ_SUPPRT directive. The standard DLL and Shared Library have
       this on by default!

   Setup
       Naturally you must have initialized the library and be the owner	 of  a
       mng_handle. The following callbacks are essential:

	   mng_openstream, mng_readdata, mng_closestream

       You may optionally define:

	   mng_errorproc, mng_traceproc
	   mng_processheader, mng_processtext
	   mng_processsave, mng_processseek

       The  reading bit will also fail if you are already creating or display‐
       ing a file. Seems a bit obvious, but I thought I'd mention it, just  in
       case.

   To suspend or not to suspend
       There  is one choice you need to make before calling the read function.
       Are you in need of suspension-mode or not?

       If you're reading from a disk you most certainly do  not	 need  suspen‐
       sion-mode. Even the oldest and slowest of disks will be fast enough for
       straight reading.

       However, if your input comes from a  really  slow  device,  such	 as  a
       dialup-line or the likes, you may opt for suspension-mode. This is done
       by calling

	   myretcode = mng_set_suspensionmode (myhandle,
					       MNG_TRUE);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       Suspension-mode will force the library to use special buffering on  the
       input.  This  allows  your  application	to receive data of arbitrarily
       length and return this in the mng_readdata() callback, without disturb‐
       ing the chunk processing routines of the library.

       Suspension-mode	does  require a little extra care in the main logic of
       the application. The read function  may	return	with  MNG_NEEDMOREDATA
       when  the  mng_readdata()  callback  returns less data then it needs to
       process the next chunk. This indicates the application to wait for more
       data to arrive and then resume processing by calling mng_read_resume().

   The read HLAPI
       The  actual reading is just plain simple. Since all I/O is done outside
       the library through the callbacks, the library can focus	 on  its  real
       task. Understanding, checking and labelling the input data!

       All you really need to do is this:

	   myretcode = mng_read (myhandle);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       Of  course, if you're on suspension-mode the code is a little more com‐
       plicated:

	   myretcode = mng_read (myhandle);

	   while (myretcode == MNG_NEEDMOREDATA) {
	     /* wait for input-data to arrive */
	     myretcode = mng_read_resume (myhandle);
	   }

	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       This is rather crude and more  sophisticated  programming  methods  may
       dictate	another approach. Whatever method you decide on, it should act
       as if the above code was in its place.

       There is also the mng_readdisplay() function, but this is discussed  in
       the  displaying	section.  It  functions	 pretty much as the mng_read()
       function,  but  also   immediately   starts   displaying	  the	image.
       mng_read_resume()  should  be  replaced by mng_display_resume() in that
       case!

   What happens inside
       What actually happens inside the library depends on  the	 configuration
       options set during the compilation of the library.

       Basically the library will first read the 8-byte file header, to deter‐
       mine its validity and the type of image it is about to process. Then it
       will  repeatedly	 read  a 4-byte chunk-length and then the remainder of
       the chunk until it either reaches EOF (indicated by the	mng_readdata()
       callback)  or implicitly decides EOF as it processed the logically last
       chunk of the image.

       Applications that require strict conformity and do not allow  superflu‐
       ous  data  after	 the  ending chunk, will need to perform this check in
       their mng_closestream() callback.

       Each chunk is then checked on CRC, after which it is handed over to the
       appropriate  chunk  processing  routine. These routines will disect the
       chunk, check the validity of its	 contents,  check  its	position  with
       respect to other chunks, etc, etc.

       If everything checks out, the chunk is further processed as follows:

       If  display  support has been selected during compilation, certain pre-
       display initialization will take place.

       If chunk-storage support has  been  selected  during  compilation,  the
       chunks  data may be stored in a special internal structure and held for
       future reference.

   Storing and accessing chunks
       One of the compilation options activates	 support  for  chunk  storage.
       This  option  may be useful if you want to examine an image. The direc‐
       tive is MNG_STORE_CHUNKS. You must also turn on	the  MNG_ACCESS_CHUNKS
       directive.

       The  actual  storage  facility  can  be	turned	on  or	off  with  the
       mng_set_storechunks() function. If set  to  MNG_TRUE,  chunks  will  be
       stored as they are read.

       At  any	point  you  can then call the mng_iterate_chunks() function to
       iterate through the current list of chunks. This	 function  requires  a
       callback	 which is called for each chunk and receives a specific chunk-
       handle.	This  chunk-handle  can	 be  used  to  call  the   appropriate
       mng_getchunk_xxxx() function, to access the chunks properties.

       A typical implementation may look like this:

	   mng_bool my_iteratechunk (mng_handle	 hHandle,
				     mng_handle	 hChunk,
				     mng_chunkid iChunkid,
				     mng_uint32	 iChunkseq) {
	     switch (iChunkid) {
	       case MNG_UINT_MHDR : { /* process MHDR */;
				      break; }
	       case MNG_UINT_FRAM : { /* process FRAM */;
				      break; }

		   ...etc...

	       case MNG_UINT_HUH  : { /* unknown chunk */;
				      break; }
	       default : { /* duh; forgot one */; }
	     }

	     return MNG_TRUE; /* keep'm coming */
	   }

       To  get	to  the actual chunk fields of lets say a SHOW chunk you would
       do:

	   mng_bool isempty;
	   mng_uint16 firstid, lastid;
	   mng_uint8 showmode;

	   myretcode mng_getchunk_show (hHandle, hChunk,
					isempty, firstid,
					lastid, showmode);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

V. Displaying
   Setup
       Assuming you have initialized the  library  and	are  the  owner	 of  a
       mng_handle. The following callbacks are essential:

	   mng_getcanvasline, mng_refresh
	   mng_gettickcount, mng_settimer

       If you wish to use an application supplied background you must supply:

	   mng_getbkgdline

       If you wish to use the MNG_CANVAS_RGB8_A8 canvas style you must supply:

	   mng_getalphaline

       You may optionally define:

	   mng_errorproc, mng_traceproc
	   mng_processheader, mng_processtext
	   mng_processsave, mng_processseek

       Note  that  the	mng_processheader()  callback  is optional but will be
       quite significant for proper operation!

       Displaying an image will fail if you are creating  a  file  or  already
       displaying one. Yes, you can't display it twice!

   A word on canvas styles
       The  canvas  style  describes  how your drawing canvas is made up.  You
       must set this before  the  library  actually  starts  drawing,  so  the
       mng_processheader() callback is a pretty good place for it.

       Currently  only	8-bit  RGB canvas styles are supported, either with or
       without an alpha channel.

       If you like to do alpha composition yourself you can select one of  the
       canvas  styles that include an alpha channel. You can even have a sepa‐
       rate alpha canvas by selecting the MNG_CANVAS_RGB8_A8 style.

       All styles require a compact model. Eg. MNG_CANVAS_BGR8	requires  your
       canvas  lines  in bgrbgrbgr... storage, where each letter represents an
       8-bit value of the corresponding color, and each threesome makes up the
       values of one(1) pixel.

       The  library  processes	a  line	 at a time, so the canvas lines do not
       actually need to be consecutive in memory.

   Alpha composition and application backgrounds
       All Network Graphics can be partially transparent. This	requires  spe‐
       cial  processing	 if  you  need	to display an image against some back‐
       ground. Note that the MNG header (MHDR  chunk)  contains	 a  simplicity
       field indicating whether transparency information in the file is criti‐
       cal or not. This only applies to embedded images, which means the  full
       image-frame of the MNG may still contain fully transparent pixels!

       Depending  on  your  needs  you can supply a single background color, a
       background canvas or tell the library to return the  alpha-channel  and
       do alpha composition yourself.

       This is different from the BACK chunk in a MNG, or the bKGD chunk in an
       (embedded) PNG or JNG. The BACK chunk indicates an optional  or	manda‐
       tory  background	 color	and/or image. The bKGD chunk only indicates an
       optional background color. These chunks indicate	 the  Authors  prefer‐
       ences. They may be absent in which case you need to supply some sort of
       background yourself.

   Composing against a background color
       This is the easiest method. Call the mng_set_bgcolor() function to  set
       the values of the red, green and blue component of your preferred back‐
       ground color.

       Use one of the canvas styles that do not	 have  an  alpha-channel,  and
       which matches your output requirements.

   Composing against a background canvas
       This  is	 somewhat  more complicated. You will need to set the mng_get‐
       bkgdline() callback. This will be called whenever the library needs  to
       compose a partially transparent line.

       This  canvas must hold the background against which the image should be
       composed. Its size must match exactly with  the	image  dimensions  and
       thus the drawing canvas!

       Use  one	 of  the  canvas styles that do not have an alpha-channel, and
       which matches your output requirements. The canvas style of  the	 back‐
       ground  canvas  may  even differ from the drawing canvas. The library's
       composing will still function properly.

   Composing within the application
       If you have the option in your application to draw a (partially) trans‐
       parent canvas to the output device, this option is preferred.

       Select  one  of	the  canvas styles that do have an alpha-channel.  The
       library will now supply the appropriate alpha information, allowing the
       application to compose the image as it sees fit.

   Color information and CMS
       Network Graphics may, and usually will, contain color-correction infor‐
       mation. This information is intended to compensate for  the  difference
       in recording and display devices used.

       This  document does not address the specifics of color-management.  See
       the PNG specification for a more detailed description.

   Using little cms by Marti Maria Saguer
       This is the easiest method, providing you can compile the lcms package.
       Select  the MNG_FULL_CMS directive during compilation, and sit back and
       relax. The library will take care of all color-correction for you.

   Using an OS- or application-supplied CMS
       If you are so lucky to have access to  CMS  functionality  from	within
       your  application,  you may instruct the library to leave color-correc‐
       tion to you.

       Select the MNG_APP_CMS directive during	compilation  of	 the  library.
       You MUST also set the following callbacks:

	   mng_processgamma, mng_processchroma,
	   mng_processsrgb, mng_processiccp and
	   mng_processarow

       The  last  callback  is called when the library needs you to correct an
       arbitrary line of pixels. The other callbacks are called when the  cor‐
       responding  color-information  is  encountered  in  the file.  You must
       store this information somewhere for use in the mng_processarow() call‐
       back.

   Using gamma-only correction
       This  isn't  a  preferred method, but it's better than no correction at
       all. Gamma-only correction will at least compensate  for	 gamma-differ‐
       ences between the original recorder and your output device.

       Select  the MNG_GAMMA_ONLY directive during compilation of the library.
       Your compiler MUST support fp operations.

   No color correction
       Ouch. This is really bad. This is the least preferred method,  but  may
       be  necessary if your system cannot use lcms, doesn't have its own CMS,
       and does not allow fp operations, ruling out the gamma-only option.

       Select the MNG_NO_CMS directive during compilation.  Images will	 defi‐
       nitely not be displayed as seen by the Author!!!

   Animations and timing
       Animations  require  some form of timing support. The library relies on
       two callbacks for this purpose.	The  mng_gettickcount()	 and  mng_set‐
       timer()	callbacks. mng_gettickcount() is used to determine the passing
       of time in milliseconds since the beginning of the animation.  This  is
       also  used  to  compensate  during suspension-mode if you are using the
       mng_readdisplay() function to read & display the file simultaneously.

       The callback may return an arbitrary number of milliseconds,  but  this
       number  must  increase proportionaly between calls. Most modern systems
       will have some tickcount() function which derives  its  input  from  an
       internal clock. The value returned from this function is more than ade‐
       quate for libmng.

       The mng_settimer() callback is called when  the	library	 determines  a
       little "pause" is required before rendering another frame of the anima‐
       tion. The pause interval	 is  also  expressed  in  milliseconds.	  Your
       application  should  store  this	 value	and  return  immediately.  The
       library will then make appropriate arrangements to store	 its  internal
       state and returns to your application with the MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT code.

       At  that	 point you should suspend processing and wait the given inter‐
       val. Please use your OS features for this. Do not engage some  sort  of
       loop.  That  is real bad programming practice. Most modern systems will
       have some timing functions. A simple wait() function may	 suffice,  but
       this may prevent your applications main-task from running, and possibly
       prevent the actual update of your output device.

   The mng_refresh() callback
       The mng_refresh() callback is called whenever  the  library  has	 "fin‐
       ished"  drawing	a  new frame onto your canvas, and just before it will
       call the mng_settimer() callback.

       This allows you to perform some actions necessary to "refresh" the can‐
       vas  onto  your	output device. Please do NOT suspend processing inside
       this callback. This must be handled after the mng_settimer() callback!

   Displaying while reading
       This method is preferred if you are reading from a  slow	 input	device
       (such  as  a dialup-line) and you wish to start displaying something as
       quickly as possible. This functionality is provided mainly for browser-
       type  applications  but	may  be	 appropriate for other applications as
       well.

       The method is usually used in unison with the  suspension-mode  of  the
       read module. A typical implementation would look like this:

	   /* initiale library and set required callbacks */

	   /* activate suspension-mode */
	   myretcode = mng_set_suspensionmode (myhandle,
					       MNG_TRUE);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

	   myretcode = mng_readdisplay (myhandle);

	   while ((myretcode == MNG_NEEDMOREDATA) ||
		  (myretcode == MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT)) {
	     if (myretcode == MNG_NEEDMOREDATA)
	       /* wait for more input-data */;
	     else
	       /* wait for timer interval */;

	     myretcode = mng_display_resume (myhandle);
	   }

	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       More advanced programming methods may require a different approach, but
       the final result should function as in the code above.

   Displaying after reading
       This method is used to display a file that was previously read.	It  is
       primarily  meant	 for viewers with direct file access, such as 1a local
       harddisk.

       Once you have successfully read the file, all you need to do is:

	   myretcode = mng_display (myhandle);

	   while (myretcode == MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT) {
	     /* wait for timer interval */;
	     myretcode = mng_display_resume (myhandle);
	   }

	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       Again, more  advanced  programming  methods  may	 require  a  different
       approach, but the final result should function as in the code above.

   Display manipulation
       Several	HLAPI functions are provided to allow a user to manipulate the
       normal flow of an animation.

       - mng_display_freeze (mng_handle hHandle)

       This will "freeze" the animation in place.

       - mng_display_resume (mng_handle hHandle)

       This function can be used to resume a frozen animation, or to force the
       library to advance the animation to the next frame.

       - mng_display_reset (mng_handle hHandle)

       This  function  will  "reset"  the  animation  into its pristine state.
       Calling mng_display() afterwards will re-display the animation from the
       first frame.

       - mng_display_golayer (mng_handle hHandle,
			       mng_uint32 iLayer)

       - mng_display_goframe (mng_handle hHandle,
			       mng_uint32 iFrame)

       - mng_display_gotime (mng_handle hHandle,
			      mng_uint32 iPlaytime)

       These  three functions can be used to "jump" to a specific layer, frame
       or timeslot in the animation. You must "freeze"	the  animation	before
       using any of these functions.

       All  above functions may only be called during a timer interval!	 It is
       the applications responsibility to cleanup any resources	 with  respect
       to the timer wait.

VI. Writing
       The  main focus of the library lies in its displaying capabilites.  But
       it does offer writing support as well.  You  can	 create	 and  write  a
       file,  or  you can write a file you have previously read, providing the
       storage of chunks was enabled and active.

       For  this  to  work  you	 must  have  compiled  the  library  with  the
       MNG_WRITE_SUPPO1RT  and	MNG_ACCESS_CHUNKS directives. The standard DLL
       and Shared Library have this on by default!

   Setup
       As always you must have initialized the library and be the owner	 of  a
       mng_handle. The following callbacks are essential:

	   mng_openstream, mng_writedata, mng_closestream

       You can optionally define:

	   mng_errorproc, mng_traceproc

       The  creation  and writing functions will fail if you are in the middle
       of reading, creating or writing a file.

   Creating a new file
       To start a new file the library must be in its  initial	state.	 First
       you need to tell the library your intentions:

	   myretcode = mng_create (myhandle);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       After that you start adding the appropriate chunks:

	   myretcode = mng_put1chunk_mhdr (myhandle, ...);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       And  so on, and so forth. Note that the library will automatically sig‐
       nal the logical end of the file by the ending  chunk.  Also  the	 first
       chunk  will indicate the library the filetype (eg. PNG, JNG or MNG) and
       force the proper signature when writing the file.

       The code above can be simplified, as you can always get the last error‐
       code by using the mng_getlasterror() function:

	   if ( (mng_putchunk_xxxx (myhandle, ...)) or
		(mng_putchunk_xxxx (myhandle, ...)) or
		    ...etc...			       )
	     /* process error */;

       Please note that you must have a pretty good understanding of the chunk
       specification. Unlike  the  read	 functions,  there  are	 virtually  no
       checks, so it is quite possible to write completely wrong files.	 It is
       a good practice to read back your file into the library to  verify  its
       integrity.

       Once you've got all the chunks added, all you do is:

	   myretcode mng_write (myhandle);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

       And presto. You're done. The real work is of course carried out in your
       callbacks. Note that this is a single operation as opposed to the  read
       &  display  functions  that  may	 return	 with  MNG_NEEDMOREDATA and/or
       MNG_NEEDTIMERWAIT. The write function  just  does  the  job,  and  only
       returns	after  it's  finished  or  if it encounters some unrecoverable
       error.

   Writing a previously read file
       If you have already successfully read a file, you can use  the  library
       to  write  it  out  as  a copy or something. You MUST have compiled the
       library with the MNG_STORE_CHUNKS directive, and	 you  must  have  done
       mng_set_storechunks (myhandle, MNG_TRUE).

       This  doesn't  require the MNG_ACCESS_CHUNKS directive, unless you want
       to fiddle with the chunks as well.

       Again all you need to do is:

	   myretcode mng_write (myhandle);
	   if (myretcode != MNG_NOERROR)
	     /* process error */;

VII. Modifying/Customizing libmng:
       not finished yet

   Compilation directives
       not finished yet

   Platform dependant modification
       not finished yet

SEE ALSO
       mng(5),jng(5),png(5),libpng(3)

       libmng :

	      http://www.libmng.com

       zlib :

	      http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/zlib/

       IJG JPEG library :

	      http://www.ijg.org

       lcms (little CMS) by Marti Maria Saguer :

	      http://www.littlecms.com/

       MNG specification:

	      http://www.libpng.org/pub/mng

       In the case of any inconsistency between the MNG specification and this
       library, the specification takes precedence.

AUTHORS
       This man page: Gerard Juyn <gerard at libmng.com>

       The  contributing authors would like to thank all those who helped with
       testing, bug fixes, and patience.  This	wouldn't  have	been  possible
       without all of you!!!

COPYRIGHT NOTICE:
       Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Gerard Juyn

       For  the purposes of this copyright and license, "Contributing Authors"
       is defined as the following set of individuals:

	  Gerard Juyn

       The MNG Library is supplied "AS IS".  The Contributing Authors disclaim
       all  warranties,	 expressed  or implied, including, without limitation,
       the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose.   The
       Contributing Authors assume no liability for direct, indirect, inciden‐
       tal, special, exemplary, or consequential  damages,  which  may	result
       from  the use of the MNG Library, even if advised of the possibility of
       such damage.

       Permission is hereby granted to use, copy, modify, and distribute  this
       source  code, or portions hereof, for any purpose, without fee, subject
       to the following restrictions:

       1. The origin of this source code must not be misrepresented; you  must
       not claim that you wrote the original software.

       2. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such and must not be mis‐
       represented as being the original source.

       3. This Copyright notice may not be removed or altered from any	source
       or altered source distribution.

       The  Contributing Authors specifically permit, without fee, and encour‐
       age the use of this source code as a component to  supporting  the  MNG
       and  JNG	 file  format  in commercial products.	If you use this source
       code in a product, acknowledgment would be highly appreciated.

Remarks
       Parts of this software have  been  adapted  from	 the  libpng  library.
       Although	 this library supports all features from the PNG specification
       (as MNG descends from it) it does not require the libpng	 library.   It
       does  require  the  zlib	 library  and optionally the IJG JPEG library,
       and/or the "little-cms" library by Marti Maria Saguer (depending on the
       inclusion of support for JNG and Full-Color-Management respectively.

       This  library's	function  is  primarily to read and display MNG anima‐
       tions. It is not meant as a full-featured image-editing	component!  It
       does  however  offer  creation  and  editing functionality at the chunk
       level. (future modifications may include some more support for creation
       and or editing)

			      January 30th, 2005		     LIBMNG(3)
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