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LFCOMPILE(5)							  LFCOMPILE(5)

NAME
       lfcompile - large file compilation environment for 32-bit applications

DESCRIPTION
       All  64-bit  applications  can  manipulate  large files by default. The
       methods described on this page allow 32-bit applications to  manipulate
       large files.

       In  the large file compilation environment, source interfaces are bound
       to appropriate 64-bit functions, structures, and types.	 Compiling  in
       this  environment allows 32-bit applications to access files whose size
       is greater than or equal to 2 Gbyte ( 2^31 bytes).

       Each interface named xxx() that needs  to  access  64-bit  entities  to
       access large files maps to a xxx64() call in the resulting binary.  All
       relevant data types are defined to be of	 correct  size	(for  example,
       off_t has a typedef definition for a 64-bit entity).

       An  application	compiled  in this environment is able to use the xxx()
       source interfaces to access both large and  small  files,  rather  than
       having  to  explicitly utilize the transitional xxx64() interface calls
       to access large files. See the lfcompile64(5) manual page for  informa‐
       tion regarding the transitional compilation environment.

       Applications  can be compiled in the large file compilation environment
       by using the following methods:

	   o	  Use the getconf(1) utility with one or more of the arguments
		  listed  in  the  table below. This method is recommended for
		  portable applications.

		  ┌──────────────┬────────────────────────────┐
		  │  argument	 │	    purpose	      │
		  ├──────────────┼────────────────────────────┤
		  │LFS_CFLAGS	 │ obtain  compilation	flags │
		  │		 │ necessary  to  enable  the │
		  │		 │ large   file	  compilation │
		  │		 │ environment		      │
		  │LFS_LDFLAGS	 │ obtain link editor options │
		  │LFS_LIBS	 │ obtain link library names  │
		  │LFS_LINTFLAGS │ obtain lint options	      │
		  └──────────────┴────────────────────────────┘

	   o	  Set  the  compile-time  flag	_FILE_OFFSET_BITS to 64 before
		  including any headers. Applications may combine objects pro‐
		  duced in the large file compilation environment with objects
		  produced in the transitional	compilation  environment,  but
		  must	be  careful  with  respect to interoperability between
		  those objects. Applications should not declare global	 vari‐
		  ables of types whose sizes change between  compilation envi‐
		  ronments.

   Access to Additional Large File Interfaces
       The fseek() and	ftell()	 functions  do	not  map  to  functions	 named
       fseek64()  and ftell64(); rather, the large file additions fseeko() and
       ftello(), have functionality identical to fseek() and  ftell()  and  do
       map  to	the  64-bit  functions fseeko64() and ftello64(). Applications
       wishing to access large files should use fseeko() and ftello() in place
       of  fseek()  and	 ftell(). See the fseek(3C) and ftell(3C) manual pages
       for information about  fseeko() and ftello().

       Applications wishing to access  fseeko() and ftello() as	 well  as  the
       POSIX  and X/Open specification-conforming interfaces should define the
       macro _LARGEFILE_SOURCE to be 1 and set whichever feature  test	macros
       are appropriate to obtain the desired environment (see standards(5)).

EXAMPLES
       In  the	following  examples, the large file compilation environment is
       accessed by invoking the getconf utility	 with  one  of	the  arguments
       listed  in  the	table  above. The additional large file interfaces are
       accessed by specifying -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE.

       The examples that use the form of command substitution  specifying  the
       command	within	parentheses  preceded by a dollar sign can be executed
       only in a POSIX-conforming shell such as the Korn Shell	(see  ksh(1)).
       In  a shell that is not POSIX-conforming, such as the Bourne Shell (see
       sh(1)) and the C Shell (see csh(1)), the getconf calls must be enclosed
       within grave accent marks, as shown in the second example.

       Example	1  Compile  a program with a "large" off_t that uses fseeko(),
       ftello(), and yacc.

       The following example compiles a program with a "large"	off_t and uses
       fseeko(), ftello(), and yacc(1).

	 $ c89 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE		  \
	       -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -o foo	  \
	       $(getconf LFS_CFLAGS) y.tab.c b.o  \
	       $(getconf LFS_LDFLAGS)		  \
	       -ly $(getconf LFS_LIBS)

       Example	2  Compile  a  program	with a "large" off_t that does not use
       fseeko() and ftello() and has no application specific libraries.

	 % c89 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64	  \
	       `getconf LFS_CFLAGS` a.c	  \
	       `getconf LFS_LDFLAGS`	  \
	       `getconf LFS_LIBS`	  \

       Example 3 Compile a program with a "default" off_t that	uses  fseeko()
       and ftello().

	 $ c89 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE  a.c

SEE ALSO
       csh(1),	getconf(1),  ksh(1),  yacc(1),	sh(1),	fseek(3C),  ftell(3C),
       lf64(5), lfcompile64(5), standards(5)

NOTES
       Certain system-specific or non-portable interfaces are  not  usable  in
       the large file compilation environment. Known cases are:

	   o	  Kernel data structures read from /dev/kmem.

	   o	  Interfaces in the kernel virtual memory library, -lkvm.

	   o	  Interfaces in the ELF access library, -lelf.

	   o	  Interfaces to /proc defined in <procfs.h>.

	   o	  The ustat(2) system call.

       Programs	 that use these interfaces should not be compiled in the large
       file compilation environment.  As a partial  safeguard  against	making
       this  mistake,  including  either  of  the <libelf.h> or <sys/procfs.h>
       header files will induce a compilation error when the large file compi‐
       lation environment is enabled.

       In  general, caution should be exercised when using any separately-com‐
       piled library whose interfaces include data items of type off_t or  the
       other  redefined	 types	either	directly  or  indirectly, such as with
       'struct stat'. (The redefined types are off_t, rlim_t, ino_t, blkcnt_t,
       fsblkcnt_t, and fsfilcnt_t.) For the large file compilation environment
       to work correctly with such a  library,	the  library  interfaces  must
       include	the appropriate xxx64() binary entry points and must have them
       mapped to the corresponding primary functions when _FILE_OFFSET_BITS is
       set to 64.

       Care  should be exercised using any of the printf() or scanf() routines
       on variables of the types mentioned above.  In the large file  compila‐
       tion  environment,  these  variables should be printed or scanned using
       long long formats.

BUGS
       Symbolic formats analogous to those found in <sys/int_fmtio.h>  do  not
       exist  for  printing  or scanning variables of the types that are rede‐
       fined in the large file compilation environment.

				 Aug 24, 2009			  LFCOMPILE(5)
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