LAST(1) OpenBSD Reference Manual LAST(1)NAMElast - indicate last logins of users, ttys, and hosts
SYNOPSISlast [-csT] [-d date] [-f file] [-h host] [-n number] [-t tty] [user ...]
DESCRIPTION
The last utility will either list the sessions of specified users, ttys,
and hosts, in reverse time order, or list the users logged in at a
specified snapshot date and time in reverse time order. Each line of
output contains the user name, the tty from which the session was
conducted, any hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and
the duration of the session. If the session is still continuing or was
cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so indicate.
The options are as follows:
-c Calculates the total time displayed and prints it after the
output.
-d date Specify the snapshot date and time. All users logged in at
the snapshot date and time will be reported. This may be used
with the -f option to derive the results from stored wtmp
files. When this argument is provided, all other options
except for -f and -n are ignored. The argument should be in
the form ``[[[CC]YY]MMDD]hhmm[.SS]'' where each pair of
letters represents the following:
CC The first two digits of the year (the century).
YY The second two digits of the year. If ``YY'' is
specified, but ``CC'' is not, a value for ``YY''
between 69 and 99 results in a ``CC'' value of
19. Otherwise, a ``CC'' value of 20 is used.
MM Month of the year, from 1 to 12.
DD Day of the month, from 1 to 31.
hh Hour of the day, from 0 to 23.
mm Minute of the hour, from 0 to 59.
SS Second of the minute, from 0 to 61.
All but the ``hh'' and ``mm'' letter pairs are optional. If
the ``CC'' and ``YY'' letter pairs are not specified, the
values default to the current year. If the ``MM'' and ``DD''
letter pairs are not specified, the values default to the
current month and day. If the ``SS'' letter pair is not
specified, the value defaults to 0.
-f file last reads the file file instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmp.
-h host host names may be names or internet numbers.
-n number Limits the report to number lines. The format -number is also
supported, but is deprecated.
-s Display time values in seconds since the Epoch, instead of
formatted dates.
-T Display better time information, including seconds.
-t tty Specify the tty. tty names may be given fully or abbreviated,
for example, last-t 03 is equivalent to last-t tty03.
If multiple arguments are given, and a snapshot time is not specified,
the information which applies to any of the arguments is printed, e.g.,
last root -t console would list all of root's sessions as well as all
sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames, or terminals
are specified, last prints a record of all logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user ``reboot'' logs in at reboots of the system; thus last
reboot will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has
progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal, last indicates how far
the search has progressed and then continues.
FILES
/var/log/wtmp login database
SEE ALSOlastcomm(1), utmp(5), ac(8)HISTORY
The last command appeared in 3.0BSD.
OpenBSD 4.9 May 31, 2007 OpenBSD 4.9
