LAST(1) BSD General Commands Manual LAST(1)NAMElast — indicate last logins of users and ttys
SYNOPSISlast [-n] [-nTx] [-f file] [-H hostsize] [-h host] [-L linesize]
[-N namesize] [-t tty] [user ...]
DESCRIPTIONlast will list the sessions of specified users, ttys, and hosts, in
reverse time order. Each line of output contains the user name, the tty
from which the session was conducted, any hostname, the start and stop
times for the session, and the duration of the session. If the session
is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or shutdown, last will so
indicate.
The following options are available:
-n Limits the report to n lines.
-f file last reads the file file instead of the default,
/var/log/wtmpx or /var/log/wtmp. If the file ends with
‘x’, it is treated as a utmpx(5) format file, else it is
treated as a utmp(5) format file. If the file is ``-'',
standard input is used.
-H hostsize Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host
name field.
-h host Host names may be names or internet numbers.
-L linesize Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty
field.
-N namesize Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login
name field.
-n Print host addresses numerically. This option works only
on wtmpx(5) entries, and prints nothing on wtmp(5)
entries.
-T Display better time information, including the year and
seconds.
-t tty Specify the tty. Tty names may be given fully or abbrevi‐
ated, for example, “last -t 03” is equivalent to “last -t
tty03”.
-x Assume that the file given is in wtmpx(5) format, even if
the filename does not end with an ‘x’. Also useful when
reading such format from standard input.
If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of
the arguments is printed, e.g., “last root -t console” would list all of
“root's” sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no
users, hostnames, or terminals are specified, last prints a record of all
logins and logouts.
The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of the system, thus “last
reboot” will give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If last is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has pro‐
gressed. If interrupted with a quit signal last indicates how far the
search has progressed and then continues.
FILES
/var/log/wtmp login data base
/var/log/wtmpx login data base
SEE ALSOlastcomm(1), utmp(5), utmpx(5), ac(8), lastlogin(8)HISTORYlast appeared in 3.0BSD.
BSD October 18, 2011 BSD
