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jobs(1)				 User Commands			       jobs(1)

NAME
       jobs, fg, bg, stop, notify - control process execution

SYNOPSIS
   sh
       jobs [-p | -l]  [ % job_id...]

       jobs -x command [arguments]

       fg [ % job_id...]

       bg [ % job_id...]

       stop % job_id...

       stop pid...

   csh
       jobs [-l]

       fg [ % job_id]

       bg [ % job_id...]

       notify  [ % job_id]...

       stop % job_id...

       stop pid...

   ksh
       jobs [-lnp] [ % job_id...]

       fg [ % job_id...]

       bg [ % job_id...]

       stop % job_id...

       stop pid...

DESCRIPTION
   sh
       When Job Control is enabled, the Bourne shell built-in jobs reports all
       jobs that are stopped or executing in the  background.  If  %job_id  is
       omitted, all jobs that are stopped or running in the background will be
       reported. The following options will modify/enhance the output of jobs:

       -l	Reports the process group ID  and  working  directory  of  the
		jobs.

       -p	Reports only the process group ID of the jobs.

       -x	Replaces  any  job_id  found  in command or arguments with the
		corresponding process group  ID,  and  then  executes  command
		passing it arguments.

       When the shell is invoked as jsh, Job Control is enabled in addition to
       all of the functionality described previously  for  sh.	Typically  Job
       Control	is  enabled  for  the  interactive shell only. Non-interactive
       shells typically do not benefit from the	 added	functionality  of  Job
       Control.

       With  Job  Control enabled every command or pipeline the user enters at
       the terminal is called a job_id. All jobs exist in one of the following
       states:	foreground,  background or stopped. These terms are defined as
       follows:

       1.  A job in the foreground has read and write access to	 the  control‐
	   ling terminal.

       2.  A  job  in the background is denied read access and has conditional
	   write access to the controlling terminal (see stty(1))

       3.  A stopped job is a job that has been placed in a  suspended	state,
	   usually as a result of a SIGTSTP signal (see signal.h(3HEAD)).

       Every  job that the shell starts is assigned a positive integer, called
       a job_id number which is tracked by the shell and will be  used	as  an
       identifier  to  indicate	 a specific job. Additionally, the shell keeps
       track of the current and previous jobs. The current  job	 is  the  most
       recent  job  to	be started or restarted. The previous job is the first
       non-current job.

       The acceptable syntax for a Job Identifier is of the form:

	      %job_id

       where job_id may be specified in any of the following formats:

       % or +	       for the current job

       −	       for the previous job

       ?<string>       specify the job for which  the  command	line  uniquely
		       contains string.

       n	       for job number n, where n is a job number

       pref	       where  pref is a unique prefix of the command name (for
		       example, if the command ls −l name were running in  the
		       background,  it could be referred to as %ls); pref can‐
		       not contain blanks unless it is quoted.

       When Job Control is enabled, fg resumes the execution of a stopped  job
       in  the	foreground,  also  moves  an executing background job into the
       foreground. If %job_id is omitted the current job is assumed.

       When Job Control is enabled, bg resumes the execution of a stopped  job
       in the background. If %job_id is omitted the current job is assumed.

       stop stops the execution of a background job(s) by using its job_id, or
       of any process by using its pid; see ps(1).

   csh
       The C shell built-in, jobs, without an argument, lists the active  jobs
       under job control.

       -l	List process IDs, in addition to the normal information.

       The  shell  associates  a numbered job_id with each command sequence to
       keep track of those commands that are running in the background or have
       been  stopped with TSTP signals (typically <Control-Z>). When a command
       or command sequence (semicolon-separated list) is started in the	 back‐
       ground  using  the  & metacharacter, the shell displays a line with the
       job number in brackets and a list of associated process numbers:

	      [1] 1234

       To see the current list of jobs, use the jobs built-in command. The job
       most  recently stopped (or put into the background if none are stopped)
       is referred to as the current job and is indicated with a `+'. The pre‐
       vious  job  is indicated with a `−'; when the current job is terminated
       or moved to the foreground, this job takes its place (becomes  the  new
       current job).

       To  manipulate  jobs,  refer  to the bg, fg, kill, stop, and % built-in
       commands.

       A reference to a job begins with a `%'. By  itself,  the	 percent  sign
       refers to the current job.

       % %+ %%	       The current job.

       %−	       The previous job.

       %j	       Refer to job j as in: `kill -9 %j'. j can be a job num‐
		       ber, or a string that uniquely  specifies  the  command
		       line  by	 which	it was started; `fg %vi' might bring a
		       stopped vi job to the foreground, for instance.

       %?string	       Specify the job for which  the  command	line  uniquely
		       contains string.

       A job running in the background stops when it attempts to read from the
       terminal. Background jobs can normally produce output, but this can  be
       suppressed using the `stty tostop' command.

       fg brings the current or specified job_id into the foreground.

       bg runs the current or specified jobs in the background.

       stop stops the execution of a background job(s) by using its job_id, or
       of any process by using its pid; see ps(1).

       notify will notify the user asynchronously when the status of the  cur‐
       rent job or specified jobs changes.

   ksh
       jobs  displays  the status of the jobs that were started in the current
       shell environment. When jobs reports the termination status of  a  job,
       the  shell  removes its process ID from the list of those "known in the
       current shell execution environment."

       job_id specifies the jobs for which the status is to be	displayed.  If
       no  job_id  is  given, the status information for all jobs will be dis‐
       played.

       The following options will modify/enhance the output of jobs:

       -l	(The letter ell.) Provides more	 information  about  each  job
		listed. This information includes the job number, current job,
		process group ID, state and the command that formed the job.

       -n	Displays only jobs that have  stopped  or  exited  since  last
		notified.

       -p	Displays only the process IDs for the process group leaders of
		the selected jobs.

       By default, jobs displays the status of all the stopped	jobs,  running
       background  jobs,  and  all  jobs whose status has changed and have not
       been reported by the shell.

       If the monitor option of the set command is turned on,  an  interactive
       shell  associates a job with each pipeline. It keeps a table of current
       jobs, printed by the jobs command, and assigns them small integer  num‐
       bers.  When  a job is started asynchronously with &, the shell prints a
       line which looks like:

	      [1] 1234

       indicating that the job, which was started asynchronously, was job num‐
       ber 1 and had one (top-level) process, whose process id was 1234.

       If  you are running a job and wish to do something else you may hit the
       key <^Z> (<Control-Z>) which sends a STOP signal to  the	 current  job.
       The  shell  will then normally indicate that the job has been "Stopped"
       (see OUTPUT below), and print another prompt. You can  then  manipulate
       the  state  of  this job, putting it in the background with the bg com‐
       mand, or run some other commands and then eventually bring the job back
       into the foreground with the foreground command fg. A <^Z> takes effect
       immediately and is like an interrupt, in that pending output and unread
       input are discarded when it is typed.

       There  are  several  ways  to  refer to jobs in the shell. A job can be
       referred to by the process id of any process of the job or  by  one  of
       the following:

       %number	       The job with the given number.

       %string	       Any  job	 whose	command line begins with string; works
		       only in the interactive mode when the history  file  is
		       active.

       %?string	       Any  job whose command line contains string; works only
		       in the  interactive  mode  when	the  history  file  is
		       active.

       %%	       Current job.

       %+	       Equivalent to %%.

       %−	       Previous job.

       The  shell learns immediately whenever a process changes state. It nor‐
       mally informs you whenever a job becomes blocked	 so  that  no  further
       progress	 is possible, but only just before it prints a prompt. This is
       done so that it does not otherwise disturb your work. When the  monitor
       mode  is	 on,  each background job that completes triggers any trap set
       for CHLD. When you try to leave the shell while	jobs  are  running  or
       stopped, you will be warned that `You have stopped (running) jobs.' You
       may use the jobs command to see what they are. If you do this or	 imme‐
       diately	try  to exit again, the shell will not warn you a second time,
       and the stopped jobs will be terminated.

       fg will move a background job from the  current	environment  into  the
       foreground.  Using  fg to place a job in the foreground will remove its
       process ID from the list of those "known in the current shell execution
       environment."  The fg command is available only on systems that support
       job control. If job_id is not specified, the  current  job  is  brought
       into the foreground.

       bg  resumes suspended jobs from the current environment by running them
       as background jobs. If the job specified by job_id is already a running
       background  job,	 bg has no effect and will exit successfully. Using bg
       to place a job into the background causes  its  process	ID  to	become
       ``known in the current shell execution environment'', as if it had been
       started as an asynchronous list. The bg command is  available  only  on
       systems	that support job control. If job_id is not specified, the cur‐
       rent job is placed in the background.

       stop stops the execution of a background job(s) by using its job_id, or
       of any process by using its pid. See ps(1).

OUTPUT
       If the -p option is specified, the output consists of one line for each
       process ID:

	      "%d\n", "process ID"

       Otherwise, if the -l option is not specified, the output is a series of
       lines of the form:

	      "[%d] %c %s %s\n", job-number, current, state, command

       where the fields are as follows:

       current	       The  character  + identifies the job that would be used
		       as a default for the fg or bg commands.	This  job  can
		       also be specified using the job_id %+ or %% . The char‐
		       acter −	identifies  the	 job  that  would  become  the
		       default	if  the current default job were to exit; this
		       job can also be specified using the  job_id  %−	.  For
		       other  jobs,  this field is a space character. At most,
		       one job can be identified with + and at	most  one  job
		       can  be	identified  with  −. If there is any suspended
		       job, then the current job will be a suspended  job.  If
		       there  are at least two suspended jobs, then the previ‐
		       ous job will also be a suspended job.

       job-number      A number that can be used to identify the process group
		       to  the	wait,  fg, bg, and kill utilities. Using these
		       utilities, the job can be identified by	prefixing  the
		       job number with %.

       state	       One of the following strings (in the POSIX Locale):

		       Running		       Indicates  that the job has not
					       been suspended by a signal  and
					       has not exited.

		       Done		       Indicates  that	the  job  com‐
					       pleted and returned exit status
					       zero.

		       Done(code)	       Indicates  that	the  job  com‐
					       pleted  normally	 and  that  it
					       exited  with the specified non-
					       zero   exit    status,	 code,
					       expressed as a decimal number.

		       Stopped

		       Stopped(SIGTSTP)	       Indicates that the job was sus‐
					       pended by the SIGTSTP signal.

		       Stopped(SIGSTOP)	       Indicates that the job was sus‐
					       pended by the SIGSTOP signal.

		       Stopped(SIGTTIN)	       Indicates that the job was sus‐
					       pended by the SIGTTIN signal.

		       Stopped(SIGTTOU)	       Indicates that the job was sus‐
					       pended by the SIGTTOU signal.

		       The  implementation may substitute the string Suspended
		       in place of Stopped. If the job	was  terminated	 by  a
		       signal, the format of state is unspecified, but it will
		       be visibly distinct from all of the other state formats
		       shown here and will indicate the name or description of
		       the signal causing the termination.

       command	       The associated command that was given to the shell.

       If the -l option is specified, a field containing the process group  ID
       is  inserted  before the state field. Also, more processes in a process
       group may be output on separate lines, using only the  process  ID  and
       command fields.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       See  environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables
       that affect the execution of jobs, fg, and bg: LANG, LC_ALL,  LC_CTYPE,
       LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.

EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values are returned for jobs, fg, and bg:

       0	Successful completion.

       >0	An error occurred.

ATTRIBUTES
       See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

       ┌─────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────┐
       │      ATTRIBUTE TYPE	     │	    ATTRIBUTE VALUE	   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Availability		     │SUNWcsu			   │
       ├─────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────┤
       │Interface Stability	     │Standard			   │
       └─────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────┘

SEE ALSO
       csh(1),	kill(1),  ksh(1),  ps(1),  sh(1),  stop(1), shell_builtins(1),
       stty(1), wait(1),  signal.h(3HEAD),  attributes(5),  environ(5),	 stan‐
       dards(5)

SunOS 5.10			  11 Apr 1995			       jobs(1)
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