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IPSET(8)							      IPSET(8)

NAME
       ipset — administration tool for IP sets

SYNOPSIS
       ipset [ OPTIONS ] COMMAND [ COMMAND-OPTIONS ]

       COMMANDS	 :=  {	create	|  add	| del | test | destroy | list | save |
       restore | flush | rename | swap | help | version | - }

       OPTIONS := { -exist | -output { plain  |	 save  |  xml  }  |  -quiet  |
       -resolve | -sorted | -name | -terse | -file filename }

       ipset create SETNAME TYPENAME [ CREATE-OPTIONS ]

       ipset add SETNAME ADD-ENTRY [ ADD-OPTIONS ]

       ipset del SETNAME DEL-ENTRY [ DEL-OPTIONS ]

       ipset test SETNAME TEST-ENTRY [ TEST-OPTIONS ]

       ipset destroy [ SETNAME ]

       ipset list [ SETNAME ]

       ipset save [ SETNAME ]

       ipset restore

       ipset flush [ SETNAME ]

       ipset rename SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO

       ipset swap SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO

       ipset help [ TYPENAME ]

       ipset version

       ipset -

DESCRIPTION
       ipset  is used to set up, maintain and inspect so called IP sets in the
       Linux kernel. Depending on the type of the set, an  IP  set  may	 store
       IP(v4/v6)  addresses, (TCP/UDP) port numbers, IP and MAC address pairs,
       IP address and port number pairs, etc. See  the	set  type  definitions
       below.

       Iptables matches and targets referring to sets create references, which
       protect the given sets in the kernel. A set cannot be  destroyed	 while
       there is a single reference pointing to it.

OPTIONS
       The  options  that  are recognized by ipset can be divided into several
       different groups.

   COMMANDS
       These options specify the desired action to perform.  Only one of  them
       can  be specified on the command line unless otherwise specified below.
       For all the long versions of the command names, you need	 to  use  only
       enough letters to ensure that ipset can differentiate it from all other
       commands. The ipset parser follows the order here when looking for  the
       shortest match in the long command names.

       n, create SETNAME TYPENAME [ CREATE-OPTIONS ]
	      Create  a	 set  identified  with setname and specified type. The
	      type may require type specific options. If the -exist option  is
	      specified,  ipset	 ignores  the  error otherwise raised when the
	      same set (setname and create parameters are  identical)  already
	      exists.

       add SETNAME ADD-ENTRY [ ADD-OPTIONS ]
	      Add a given entry to the set. If the -exist option is specified,
	      ipset ignores if the entry already added to the set.

       del SETNAME DEL-ENTRY [ DEL-OPTIONS ]
	      Delete an entry from a set. If the -exist option	is  specified,
	      ipset  ignores  if  the entry does not added to (already expired
	      from) the set.

       test SETNAME TEST-ENTRY [ TEST-OPTIONS ]
	      Test wether an entry is in a set or not. Exit status  number  is
	      zero  if	the  tested  entry  is in the set and nonzero if it is
	      missing from the set.

       x, destroy [ SETNAME ]
	      Destroy the specified set or all the sets if none is given.

	      If the set has got reference(s), nothing	is  done  and  no  set
	      destroyed.

       list [ SETNAME ] [ OPTIONS ]
	      List  the	 header data and the entries for the specified set, or
	      for all sets if none is given. The -resolve option can  be  used
	      to  force	 name  lookups	(which	may be slow). When the -sorted
	      option is given, the entries are listed sorted (if the given set
	      type  supports the operation). The option -output can be used to
	      control the format of the listing: plain,	 save  or  xml.	  (The
	      default  is  plain.)  If the option -name is specified, just the
	      names of the existing sets are listed. If the option  -terse  is
	      specified, just the set names and headers are listed. The output
	      is printed to stdout, the option -file can be used to specify  a
	      filename instead of stdout.

       save [ SETNAME ]
	      Save  the given set, or all sets if none is given to stdout in a
	      format that restore can read. The option -file can  be  used  to
	      specify a filename instead of stdout.

       restore
	      Restore  a  saved	 session generated by save.  The saved session
	      can be fed from stdin or the option -file can be used to specify
	      a filename instead of stdin.

	      Please  note,  existing  sets  and  elements  are	 not erased by
	      restore unless specified so in the restore  file.	 All  commands
	      are allowed in restore mode except list, help, version, interac‐
	      tive mode and restore itself.

       flush [ SETNAME ]
	      Flush all entries from the specified set or flush	 all  sets  if
	      none is given.

       e, rename SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO
	      Rename a set. Set identified by SETNAME-TO must not exist.

       w, swap SETNAME-FROM SETNAME-TO
	      Swap  the content of two sets, or in another words, exchange the
	      name of two sets. The referred sets  must	 exist	and  identical
	      type of sets can be swapped only.

       help [ TYPENAME ]
	      Print help and set type specific help if TYPENAME is specified.

       version
	      Print program version.

       -      If  a  dash  is specified as command, then ipset enters a simple
	      interactive mode and the commands are  read  from	 the  standard
	      input.   The  interactive	 mode  can be finished by entering the
	      pseudo-command quit.

   OTHER OPTIONS
       The following additional options can  be	 specified.  The  long	option
       names cannot be abbreviated.

       -!, -exist
	      Ignore  errors  when  exactly  the  same set is to be created or
	      already added entry is added or missing entry is deleted.

       -o, -output { plain | save | xml }
	      Select the output format to the list command.

       -q, -quiet
	      Suppress any output to stdout and stderr.	 ipset will still exit
	      with error if it cannot continue.

       -r, -resolve
	      When  listing sets, enforce name lookup. The program will try to
	      display the IP entries resolved to  host	names  which  requires
	      slow DNS lookups.

       -s, -sorted
	      Sorted  output. When listing sets entries are listed sorted. Not
	      supported yet.

       -n, -name
	      List just the names of the existing sets, i.e. suppress  listing
	      of set headers and members.

       -t, -terse
	      List  the	 set  names  and headers, i.e. suppress listing of set
	      members.

       -f, -file filename
	      Specify a filename to print into instead of stdout (list or save
	      commands) or read from instead of stdin (restore command).

INTRODUCTION
       A  set type comprises of the storage method by which the data is stored
       and the data type(s) which are stored in the set. Therefore  the	 TYPE‐
       NAME parameter of the create command follows the syntax

       TYPENAME := method:datatype[,datatype[,datatype]]

       where  the  current  list of the methods are bitmap, hash, and list and
       the possible data types are ip, net, mac, port and iface.   The	dimen‐
       sion of a set is equal to the number of data types in its type name.

       When adding, deleting or testing entries in a set, the same comma sepa‐
       rated data syntax must be used for the entry parameter of the commands,
       i.e

	      ipset add foo ipaddr,portnum,ipaddr

       If  host	 names or service names with dash in the name are used instead
       of IP addresses or service numbers, then the host name or service  name
       must be enclosed in square brackets. Example:

	      ipset add foo [test-hostname],[ftp-data]

       In  the	case  of  host	names the DNS resolver is called internally by
       ipset but if it returns multiple IP addresses, only the	first  one  is
       used.

       The bitmap and list types use a fixed sized storage. The hash types use
       a hash to store the elements. In order to avoid clashes in the hash,  a
       limited	number	of chaining, and if that is exhausted, the doubling of
       the hash size is performed when adding entries by  the  ipset  command.
       When  entries  added  by the SET target of iptables/ip6tables, then the
       hash size is fixed and the set won't be duplicated,  even  if  the  new
       entry cannot be added to the set.

GENERIC CREATE AND ADD OPTIONS
   timeout
       All  set	 types supports the optional timeout parameter when creating a
       set and adding entries. The value of the timeout parameter for the cre‐
       ate  command  means  the	 default  timeout  value  (in seconds) for new
       entries. If a set is created with timeout support, then the same	 time‐
       out  option  can	 be  used  to  specify non-default timeout values when
       adding entries. Zero timeout value means the entry is  added  permanent
       to the set.  The timeout value of already added elements can be changed
       by readding the element using the -exist option. Example:

	      ipset create test hash:ip timeout 300

	      ipset add test 192.168.0.1 timeout 60

	      ipset -exist add test 192.168.0.1 timeout 600

   nomatch
       The hash set types which can store net type of data  (i.e.  hash:*net*)
       support	the optional nomatch option when adding entries. When matching
       elements in the set, entries marked as nomatch are skipped as if	 those
       were  not  added to the set, which makes possible to build up sets with
       exceptions. See the example at hash type hash:net below.

       When elements are tested by ipset, the nomatch  flags  are  taken  into
       account.	 If  one wants to test the existence of an element marked with
       nomatch in a set, then the flag must be specified too.

   counters, packets, bytes
       All set types support the optional counters option when creating a set.
       If the option is specified then the set is created with packet and byte
       counters per element support. The packet and byte counters are initial‐
       ized  to	 zero  when the elements are (re-)added to the set, unless the
       packet and byte counter values are explicitly specified by the  packets
       and  bytes  options.  An example when an element is added to a set with
       non-zero counter values:

	      ipset create foo hash:ip counters

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.1 packets 42 bytes 1024

SET TYPES
   bitmap:ip
       The bitmap:ip set type uses a memory range to store  either  IPv4  host
       (default)  or IPv4 network addresses. A bitmap:ip type of set can store
       up to 65536 entries.

       CREATE-OPTIONS := range fromip-toip|ip/cidr [ netmask cidr ] [  timeout
       value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := { ip | fromip-toip | ip/cidr }

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := { ip | fromip-toip | ip/cidr }

       TEST-ENTRY := ip

       Mandatory create options:

       range fromip-toip|ip/cidr
	      Create  the  set	from  the  specified  inclusive	 address range
	      expressed in an IPv4 address range or network. The size  of  the
	      range (in entries) cannot exceed the limit of maximum 65536 ele‐
	      ments.

       Optional create options:

       netmask cidr
	      When the optional netmask parameter specified, network addresses
	      will be stored in the set instead of IP host addresses. The cidr
	      prefix value must be between 1-32.  An IP address will be in the
	      set  if  the  network  address, which is resulted by masking the
	      address with the specified netmask, can be found in the set.

       The bitmap:ip type supports adding or deleting multiple entries in  one
       command.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo bitmap:ip range 192.168.0.0/16

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1/24

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1.1

   bitmap:ip,mac
       The  bitmap:ip,mac set type uses a memory range to store IPv4 and a MAC
       address pairs. A bitmap:ip,mac type  of	set  can  store	 up  to	 65536
       entries.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  range fromip-toip|ip/cidr [ timeout value ] [ coun‐
       ters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := ip[,macaddr]

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := ip[,macaddr]

       TEST-ENTRY := ip[,macaddr]

       Mandatory options to use when creating a bitmap:ip,mac type of set:

       range fromip-toip|ip/cidr
	      Create the  set  from  the  specified  inclusive	address	 range
	      expressed	 in  an IPv4 address range or network. The size of the
	      range cannot exceed the limit of maximum 65536 entries.

       The bitmap:ip,mac type is exceptional in the sense that	the  MAC  part
       can  be left out when adding/deleting/testing entries in the set. If we
       add an entry without the MAC address specified,	then  when  the	 first
       time the entry is matched by the kernel, it will automatically fill out
       the missing MAC address with the source MAC address from the packet. If
       the entry was specified with a timeout value, the timer starts off when
       the IP and MAC address pair is complete.

       The bitmap:ip,mac type of sets require two src/dst  parameters  of  the
       set  match  and	SET target netfilter kernel modules and the second one
       must be src to match, add or delete entries, because the set match  and
       SET target have access to the source MAC address only.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo bitmap:ip,mac range 192.168.0.0/16

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.1,12:34:56:78:9A:BC

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1.1

   bitmap:port
       The  bitmap:port set type uses a memory range to store port numbers and
       such a set can store up to 65536 ports.

       CREATE-OPTIONS := range fromport-toport [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := { port | fromport-toport }

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := { port | fromport-toport }

       TEST-ENTRY := port

       Mandatory options to use when creating a bitmap:port type of set:

       range fromport-toport
	      Create the set from the specified inclusive port range.

       The set match and SET target netfilter  kernel  modules	interpret  the
       stored numbers as TCP or UDP port numbers.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo bitmap:port range 0-1024

	      ipset add foo 80

	      ipset test foo 80

   hash:ip
       The  hash:ip  set type uses a hash to store IP host addresses (default)
       or network addresses. Zero valued IP address  cannot  be	 stored	 in  a
       hash:ip type of set.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ netmask cidr ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := ipaddr

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := ipaddr

       TEST-ENTRY := ipaddr

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The  initial  hash  size	for the set, default is 1024. The hash
	      size must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds  up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The  maximal  number of elements which can be stored in the set,
	      default 65536.

       netmask cidr
	      When the optional netmask parameter specified, network addresses
	      will be stored in the set instead of IP host addresses. The cidr
	      prefix value must be between 1-32 for IPv4 and between 1-128 for
	      IPv6.  An	 IP address will be in the set if the network address,
	      which is resulted by masking the address with the	 netmask,  can
	      be found in the set.

       For  the inet family one can add or delete multiple entries by specify‐
       ing a range or a network:

       ipaddr := { ip | fromaddr-toaddr | ip/cidr }

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:ip netmask 30

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.0/24

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1.2

   hash:net
       The hash:net set type uses a hash to store different sized  IP  network
       addresses.   Network  address with zero prefix size cannot be stored in
       this type of sets.

       CREATE-OPTIONS := [ family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize  value  ]  [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := netaddr

       ADD-OPTIONS  := [ timeout value ] [ nomatch ] [ packets value ] [ bytes
       value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := netaddr

       TEST-ENTRY := netaddr

       where netaddr := ip[/cidr]

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The  initial  hash  size	for the set, default is 1024. The hash
	      size must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds  up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The  maximal  number of elements which can be stored in the set,
	      default 65536.

       For the inet family one can add or delete multiple entries by  specify‐
       ing  a  range, which is converted internally to network(s) equal to the
       range:

       netaddr := { ip[/cidr] | fromaddr-toaddr }

       When adding/deleting/testing entries, if the cidr prefix	 parameter  is
       not   specified,	  then	 the   host  prefix  value  is	assumed.  When
       adding/deleting entries, the exact element is added/deleted  and	 over‐
       lapping	elements are not checked by the kernel.	 When testing entries,
       if a host address is tested, then the kernel tries to  match  the  host
       address in the networks added to the set and reports the result accord‐
       ingly.

       From the set netfilter match point of view the searching	 for  a	 match
       always	starts	 from	the smallest  size  of netblock (most specific
       prefix) to the largest one (least specific prefix) added	 to  the  set.
       When   adding/deleting  IP  addresses   to the set by the SET netfilter
       target, it  will	 be added/deleted by the most  specific	 prefix	 which
       can  be	found  in   the set, or by the host prefix value if the set is
       empty.

       The lookup time grows linearly with the number of the different	prefix
       values added to the set.

       Example:

	      ipset create foo hash:net

	      ipset add foo 192.168.0.0/24

	      ipset add foo 10.1.0.0/16

	      ipset add foo 192.168.0/24

	      ipset add foo 192.168.0/30 nomatch

       When  matching  the  elements  in  the set above, all IP addresses will
       match from the networks 192.168.0.0/24,	10.1.0.0/16  and  192.168.0/24
       except the ones from 192.168.0/30.

   hash:ip,port
       The hash:ip,port set type uses a hash to store IP address and port num‐
       ber pairs.  The port number is interpreted  together  with  a  protocol
       (default TCP) and zero protocol number cannot be used.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port

       TEST-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The  initial  hash  size	for the set, default is 1024. The hash
	      size must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds  up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value

       maxelem value
	      The  maximal  number of elements which can be stored in the set,
	      default 65536.

       For the inet family one can add or delete multiple entries by  specify‐
       ing  a  range  or a network of IPv4 addresses in the IP address part of
       the entry:

       ipaddr := { ip | fromaddr-toaddr | ip/cidr }

       The [proto:]port part of the elements may be expressed in the following
       forms,  where  the  range  variations are valid when adding or deleting
       entries:

       portname[-portname]
	      TCP port or range of ports expressed in TCP portname identifiers
	      from /etc/services

       portnumber[-portnumber]
	      TCP port or range of ports expressed in TCP port numbers

       tcp|sctp|udp|udplite:portname|portnumber[-portname|portnumber]
	      TCP,  SCTP,  UDP or UDPLITE port or port range expressed in port
	      name(s) or port number(s)

       icmp:codename|type/code
	      ICMP codename or type/code. The supported ICMP codename  identi‐
	      fiers can always be listed by the help command.

       icmpv6:codename|type/code
	      ICMPv6  codename	or  type/code.	The  supported ICMPv6 codename
	      identifiers can always be listed by the help command.

       proto:0
	      All other protocols, as an  identifier  from  /etc/protocols  or
	      number. The pseudo port number must be zero.

       The hash:ip,port type of sets require two src/dst parameters of the set
       match and SET target kernel modules.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:ip,port

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.0/24,80-82

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.1,udp:53

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.1,vrrp:0

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1.1,80

   hash:net,port
       The hash:net,port set type uses a hash to store different sized IP net‐
       work  address  and  port pairs. The port number is interpreted together
       with a protocol (default TCP) and zero protocol number cannot be	 used.
       Network address with zero prefix size is not accepted either.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := netaddr,[proto:]port

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ]	 [ nomatch ] [ packets value ] [ bytes
       value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := netaddr,[proto:]port

       TEST-ENTRY := netaddr,[proto:]port

       where netaddr := ip[/cidr]

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The initial hash size for the set, default  is  1024.  The  hash
	      size  must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The maximal number of elements which can be stored in  the  set,
	      default 65536.

       For  the	 netaddr  part	of  the	 elements  see	the description at the
       hash:net set type. For the [proto:]port part of the  elements  see  the
       description at the hash:ip,port set type.

       When  adding/deleting/testing  entries, if the cidr prefix parameter is
       not  specified,	then  the  host	 prefix	  value	  is   assumed.	  When
       adding/deleting	entries,  the exact element is added/deleted and over‐
       lapping elements are not checked by the kernel.	When testing  entries,
       if  a  host  address is tested, then the kernel tries to match the host
       address in the networks added to the set and reports the result accord‐
       ingly.

       From  the  set netfilter match point of view the searching for a	 match
       always  starts  from  the smallest  size	 of  netblock  (most  specific
       prefix)	to  the	 largest one (least specific prefix) added to the set.
       When  adding/deleting IP addresses  to the set  by  the	SET  netfilter
       target,	it   will   be added/deleted by the most specific prefix which
       can be found in	the set, or by the host prefix value  if  the  set  is
       empty.

       The  lookup time grows linearly with the number of the different prefix
       values added to the set.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:net,port

	      ipset add foo 192.168.0/24,25

	      ipset add foo 10.1.0.0/16,80

	      ipset test foo 192.168.0/24,25

   hash:ip,port,ip
       The hash:ip,port,ip set type uses a hash to store IP address, port num‐
       ber  and	 a  second  IP address triples. The port number is interpreted
       together with a protocol (default TCP) and zero protocol number	cannot
       be used.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,ip

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,ip

       TEST-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,ip

       For the first ipaddr and [proto:]port parts of  the  elements  see  the
       descriptions at the hash:ip,port set type.

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The initial hash size for the set, default  is  1024.  The  hash
	      size  must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The maximal number of elements which can be stored in  the  set,
	      default 65536.

       The  hash:ip,port,ip  type  of sets require three src/dst parameters of
       the set match and SET target kernel modules.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:ip,port,ip

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1.1,80,10.0.0.1

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1.1,udp:53,10.0.0.1

   hash:ip,port,net
       The hash:ip,port,net set type uses a hash to  store  IP	address,  port
       number  and  IP network address triples. The port number is interpreted
       together with a protocol (default TCP) and zero protocol number	cannot
       be used. Network address with zero prefix size cannot be stored either.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,netaddr

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ]	 [ nomatch ] [ packets value ] [ bytes
       value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,netaddr

       TEST-ENTRY := ipaddr,[proto:]port,netaddr

       where netaddr := ip[/cidr]

       For  the ipaddr and [proto:]port parts of the elements see the descrip‐
       tions at the hash:ip,port set type. For the netaddr part	 of  the  ele‐
       ments see the description at the hash:net set type.

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The initial hash size for the set, default  is  1024.  The  hash
	      size  must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The maximal number of elements which can be stored in  the  set,
	      default 65536.

       From  the  set  netfilter match point of view the searching for a match
       always  starts  from  the smallest  size	 of  netblock  (most  specific
       cidr)  to the largest one (least specific cidr) added to the set.  When
       adding/deleting triples to the set by  the  SET	netfilter  target,  it
       will   be added/deleted by the most specific cidr which can be found in
       the set, or by the host cidr value if the set is empty.

       The lookup time grows linearly with the number of  the  different  cidr
       values added to the set.

       The  hash:ip,port,net  type of sets require three src/dst parameters of
       the set match and SET target kernel modules.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:ip,port,net

	      ipset add foo 192.168.1,80,10.0.0/24

	      ipset add foo 192.168.2,25,10.1.0.0/16

	      ipset test foo 192.168.1,80.10.0.0/24

   hash:net,iface
       The hash:net,iface set type uses a hash to  store  different  sized  IP
       network address and interface name pairs.

       CREATE-OPTIONS  :=  [  family { inet | inet6 } ] | [ hashsize value ] [
       maxelem value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := netaddr,[physdev:]iface

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ]	 [ nomatch ] [ packets value ] [ bytes
       value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := netaddr,[physdev:]iface

       TEST-ENTRY := netaddr,[physdev:]iface

       where netaddr := ip[/cidr]

       Optional create options:

       family { inet | inet6 }
	      The protocol family of the IP addresses to be stored in the set.
	      The default is inet, i.e IPv4.

       hashsize value
	      The initial hash size for the set, default  is  1024.  The  hash
	      size  must be a power of two, the kernel automatically rounds up
	      non power of two hash sizes to the first correct value.

       maxelem value
	      The maximal number of elements which can be stored in  the  set,
	      default 65536.

       For  the	 netaddr  part	of  the	 elements  see	the description at the
       hash:net set type.

       When adding/deleting/testing entries, if the cidr prefix	 parameter  is
       not   specified,	  then	 the   host  prefix  value  is	assumed.  When
       adding/deleting entries, the exact element is added/deleted  and	 over‐
       lapping	elements are not checked by the kernel.	 When testing entries,
       if a host address is tested, then the kernel tries to  match  the  host
       address in the networks added to the set and reports the result accord‐
       ingly.

       From the set netfilter match point of view the searching for  a	 match
       always	starts	 from	the smallest  size  of netblock (most specific
       prefix) to the largest one (least specific prefix) added	 to  the  set.
       When   adding/deleting  IP  addresses   to the set by the SET netfilter
       target, it  will	 be added/deleted by the most  specific	 prefix	 which
       can  be	found  in   the set, or by the host prefix value if the set is
       empty.

       The second direction parameter of the set match and SET target  modules
       corresponds to the incoming/outgoing interface: src to the incoming one
       (similar to the -i flag of iptables), while dst	to  the	 outgoing  one
       (similar	 to  the  -o  flag of iptables). When the interface is flagged
       with physdev:, the interface is interpreted  as	the  incoming/outgoing
       bridge port.

       The  lookup time grows linearly with the number of the different prefix
       values added to the set.

       The internal restriction of the hash:net,iface set  type	 is  that  the
       same network prefix cannot be stored with more than 64 different inter‐
       faces in a single set.

       Examples:

	      ipset create foo hash:net,iface

	      ipset add foo 192.168.0/24,eth0

	      ipset add foo 10.1.0.0/16,eth1

	      ipset test foo 192.168.0/24,eth0

   list:set
       The list:set type uses a simple list in which you can store set names.

       CREATE-OPTIONS := [ size value ] [ timeout value ] [ counters ]

       ADD-ENTRY := setname [ { before | after } setname ]

       ADD-OPTIONS := [ timeout value ] [ packets value ] [ bytes value ]

       DEL-ENTRY := setname [ { before | after } setname ]

       TEST-ENTRY := setname [ { before | after } setname ]

       Optional create options:

       size value
	      The size of the list, the default is 8.

       By the ipset command you	 can add, delete  and  test  set  names	 in  a
       list:set type of set.

       By the set match or SET target of netfilter you can test, add or delete
       entries in the sets added to the list:set type of set. The  match  will
       try to find a matching entry in the sets and the target will try to add
       an entry to the first set to which it can  be  added.   The  number  of
       direction  options  of  the  match and target are important: sets which
       require more parameters than specified are  skipped,  while  sets  with
       equal or less parameters are checked, elements added/deleted. For exam‐
       ple if a and b are list:set type of sets then in the command

	      iptables -m set --match-set a src,dst -j SET --add-set b src,dst

       the match and target will skip any set in a and	b  which  stores  data
       triples,	 but will match all sets with single or double data storage in
       a set and stop matching at the first successful set, and add src to the
       first  single  or  src,dst to the first double data storage set in b to
       which the entry can be added. You can imagine a list:set type of set as
       an ordered union of the set elements.

       Please note: by the ipset command you can add, delete and test the set‐
       names in a list:set type of set, and not the presence of a set's member
       (such as an IP address).

GENERAL RESTRICTIONS
       Zero valued set entries cannot be used with hash methods. Zero protocol
       value with ports cannot be used.

COMMENTS
       If you want to store same size subnets from a given  network  (say  /24
       blocks  from a /8 network), use the bitmap:ip set type.	If you want to
       store random same size  networks	 (say  random  /24  blocks),  use  the
       hash:ip	set  type.  If	you  have  got	random	size of netblocks, use
       hash:net.

       Backward compatibility is maintained and old ipset syntax is still sup‐
       ported.

       The  iptree  and iptreemap set types are removed: if you refer to them,
       they are automatically replaced by hash:ip type of sets.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Various error messages are printed to standard error.  The exit code is
       0 for correct functioning.

BUGS
       Bugs? No, just funny features. :-) OK, just kidding...

SEE ALSO
       iptables(8), ip6tables(8)

AUTHORS
       Jozsef Kadlecsik wrote ipset, which is based on ippool by Joakim Axels‐
       son, Patrick Schaaf and Martin Josefsson.
       Sven Wegener wrote the iptreemap type.

LAST REMARK
       I stand on the shoulders of giants.

Jozsef Kadlecsik		  Apr 4, 2013			      IPSET(8)
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