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INET(4F)							      INET(4F)

NAME
       inet - Internet protocol family

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/types.h>
       #include <netinet/in.h>

DESCRIPTION
       The  Internet protocol family is a collection of protocols layered atop
       the Internet Protocol (IP) transport layer, and utilizing the  Internet
       address	format.	 The Internet family provides protocol support for the
       SOCK_STREAM,  SOCK_DGRAM,  and  SOCK_RAW	 socket	 types;	 the  SOCK_RAW
       interface provides access to the IP protocol.

ADDRESSING
       Internet addresses are four byte quantities, stored in network standard
       format.	The include file <netinet/in.h>	 defines  this	address	 as  a
       discriminated union.

       Sockets	bound  to  the	Internet protocol family utilize the following
       addressing structure,

       struct sockaddr_in {
	      short	sin_family;
	      u_short	sin_port;
	      struct	in_addr sin_addr;
	      char	sin_zero[8];
       };

       Sockets may be created with the	local  address	INADDR_ANY  to	effect
       “wildcard”  matching on incoming messages.  The address in a connect(2)
       or sendto(2) call may be given as INADDR_ANY  to	 mean  ``this  host.''
       The  distinguished  address  INADDR_BROADCAST is allowed as a shorthand
       for the broadcast address on the primary network if the	first  network
       configured supports broadcast.

PROTOCOLS
       The Internet protocol family is comprised of the IP transport protocol,
       Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), Transmission Control Protocol
       (TCP),  and  User  Datagram Protocol (UDP).  TCP is used to support the
       SOCK_STREAM abstraction while UDP is used  to  support  the  SOCK_DGRAM
       abstraction.   A	 raw  interface	 to  IP	 is  available	by creating an
       Internet socket	of  type  SOCK_RAW.   The  ICMP	 message  protocol  is
       accessible from a raw socket.

       The  32-bit  Internet address contains both network and host parts.  It
       is frequency-encoded; the most-significant bit  is  clear  in  Class  A
       addresses,  in  which  the  high-order  8  bits are the network number.
       Class B addresses use the high-order 16 bits as the network field,  and
       Class  C addresses have a 24-bit network part.  Sites with a cluster of
       local networks and a connection to the DARPA Internet may chose to  use
       a  single  network number for the cluster; this is done by using subnet
       addressing.  The	 local	(host)	portion	 of  the  address  is  further
       subdivided  into	 subnet	 and host parts.  Within a subnet, each subnet
       appears to be an individual network;  externally,  the  entire  cluster
       appears to be a single, uniform network requiring only a single routing
       entry.  Subnet addressing is enabled  and  examined  by	the  following
       ioctl(2)	 commands  on  a  datagram socket in the Internet domain; they
       have the same form as the SIOCIFADDR command (see intro(4N)).

       SIOCSIFNETMASK	   Set	interface  network  mask.   The	 network  mask
			   defines  the	 network  part	of  the address; if it
			   contains more of the address than the address  type
			   would indicate, then subnets are in use.

       SIOCGIFNETMASK	   Get interface network mask.

SEE ALSO
       ioctl(2), socket(2), intro(4N), tcp(4P), udp(4P), ip(4P), icmp(4P)

       An Introductory 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:7).

       An Advanced 4.3BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial (PS1:8).

CAVEAT
       The  Internet  protocol	support	 is  subject to change as the Internet
       protocols develop.  Users should not depend on details of  the  current
       implementation, but rather the services exported.

4.2 Berkeley Distribution	 June 1, 1986			      INET(4F)
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